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单词 鬼
释义

鬼

鬼 U+9B3C, 鬼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B3C
← 鬻
[U+9B3B]		CJK Unified Ideographs鬽 →
[U+9B3D]
⿁ U+2FC1, ⿁
KANGXI RADICAL GHOST
← ⿀
[U+2FC0]		Kangxi Radicals⿂ →
[U+2FC2]
⻤ U+2EE4, ⻤
CJK RADICAL GHOST
← ⻣
[U+2EE3]		CJK Radicals Supplement⻥ →
[U+2EE5]

Translingual

Stroke order
Mainland China
Stroke order
Stroke order
(cursive)

Han character

鬼 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+0, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 竹山戈 (HUI) or 竹戈 (HI) or 竹田竹戈 (HWHI), four-corner 26213 or 26513, composition ⿱甶⿺儿厶(HTJKV) or ⿸⿻白丿⿺乚厶(G))

  1. Kangxi radical #194, ⿁.

Derived characters

  • Appendix:Chinese_radical/鬼
  • 傀, 魂, 𠺌, 塊, 媿, 㟴, 𢄊, 愧, 溾, 𪻆, 隗, 𣉨, 槐, 㱱, 𤌋, 𤗧, 𤛂, 瑰, 𦞙, 䁛, 磈, 𥡂, 䌆, 聭, 𦞱, 螝, 謉(𫍷), 𧷛, 𨉵, 𨍹(𬨐), 醜, 𨪈, 𩌃, 𩏐, 餽, 騩, 𩪁, 𩹷, 𪄔, 䴜
  • 𨝀, 𧪵, 䫥, 𩥢, 𥶯, 𧫏, 𭔉, 嵬, 蒐, 𢧩, 𫁖, 䈭, 𣝹, 𭕩, 廆, 瘣, 𮭺, 褢

References

  • KangXi: page 1460, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45758
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1993, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4427, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9B3C

Chinese

trad.鬼
simp. #鬼
2nd round simp.⿸⿻丿日乚

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鬼
ShangWestern ZhouShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (鬼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
謉*tkuːlʔ, *krul
瑰*kuːl, *ɡuːl
傀*kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ
藱*kuːl
魁*kʰuːl
磈*kʰuːlʔ, *qulʔ
塊*kʰuːls, *kʰruːds
嵬*ŋɡuːl, *ŋɡuːlʔ
隗*ŋɡuːlʔ
槐*ɡuːl, *ɡruːl
瘣*ɡuːlʔ
廆*ɡuːlʔ
溾*ɡuːlʔ, *qruːl
螝*ɡuːls, *krul
褢*ɡruːl
騩*krul, *kruls, *kul
愧*kruls
媿*kruls
聭*kruls
餽*ɡruls
鬼*kulʔ
魏*ŋɡuls
巍*ŋul
犩*ŋul, *ŋuls

Pictogram (象形) – a man or figure with an ugly face and tail.

Compare 異 (“different, strange”), where the 田 also derives from a face.

It may not be clear from the character, but the lower right “dot” is a small 厶; it is a residual tail – compare 离.

Etymology

Unknown. May be related to 威 (OC *qul, “to overawe, to terrorise”) with k-nominalisation and endoactive tone B, lit. "the thing which is doing the overawing", or related to 歸 (OC *klul, “to return”). See also 詭 (OC *krolʔ, “to deceive; peculiar”).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): guǐ (gui3)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˇ
    (Chengdu, SP): gui3
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуй (guy, II)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): gwai2
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gei2
  • Gan (Wiktionary): gui3
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kúi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gui3
  • Jin (Wiktionary): gui2
  • Min Bei (KCR): gṳ̌
  • Min Dong (BUC): gūi
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): kúi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gui2
  • Wu (Wiktionary): jy (T2); kue (T2)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): guei3
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: guǐ
      • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: guěi
      • Wade–Giles: kuei3
      • Yale: gwěi
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goei
      • Palladius: гуй (guj)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kweɪ̯²¹⁴/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: gui3
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gui
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kuei⁵³/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуй (guy, II)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kuei⁵¹/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: gwai2
      • Yale: gwái
      • Cantonese Pinyin: gwai2
      • Guangdong Romanization: guei2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɐi̯³⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: gei2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kei⁵⁵/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: gui3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kui²¹³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kúi
      • Hakka Romanization System: gui`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: gui3
      • Sinological IPA: /ku̯i³¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: gui3
      • Sinological IPA: /kuɪ³¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: gui2
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuei⁵³/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̌
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ky²¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: gūi
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kui³³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kúi
      • Tâi-lô: kuí
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kuie
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kui⁵⁵⁴/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kui⁵³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kui⁴¹/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: gui2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kúi
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kui⁵²/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: jy (T2); kue (T2)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy³⁴/, /kɯe̞³⁴/
Note:
  • 2jy - colloquial;
  • 2kue - literary.
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: guei3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kue̞i⁴¹/
  • Middle Chinese: /kʉiX/
Rime
Character鬼
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)見 (28)
Final (韻)微 (21)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division (等)III
Fanqie居偉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/kʉiX/
Pan
Wuyun		/kʷɨiX/
Shao
Rongfen		/kiuəiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/kujX/
Li
Rong		/kiuəiX/
Wang
Li		/kĭwəiX/
Bernard
Karlgren		/kwe̯iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		guǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		gwai2
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k-ʔujʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kulʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character鬼
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		guǐ
Middle
Chinese		‹ kjwɨjX ›
Old
Chinese		/*k-ʔujʔ/
Englishghost

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character鬼
Reading #1/1
No.4689
Phonetic
component		鬼
Rime
group		微
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		鬼
Old
Chinese		/*kulʔ/

Definitions

鬼

  1. ghost, a deceased person who has returned to haunt the living; apparition; spirit (Classifier: 隻／只)
    這房子常常鬧鬼。／这房子常常闹鬼。  ―  Zhè fángzǐ chángcháng nàoguǐ.  ―  This house is haunted.
    • 人之鬼，非人也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
      From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE
      Rén zhī guǐ, fēirén yě. [Pinyin]
      A person's ghost is not a person.
    • 為之宗廟，以鬼享之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      为之宗庙，以鬼享之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Classic of Filial Piety, circa 475 – 221 BCE
      Wèi zhī zōngmiào, yǐ guǐ xiǎng zhī. [Pinyin]
      They prepare the ancestral temple (to receive the tablet of the departed), and there they present offerings to the disembodied spirit.
  2. devil; demon
    鬼才知道呢！  ―  Guǐ cái zhīdào ne!  ―  How should I know?! (literal: The devil only knows! Similar to: "god knows")
  3. goblin
  4. stealthy; tricky; furtive
  5. sinister plot; dirty trick
    心裡有鬼／心里有鬼  ―  xīnlǐ yǒu guǐ  ―  to harbour intentions that can't bear daylight
  6. devilish; damned; ghastly
    鬼天氣／鬼天气  ―  guǐ tiānqì  ―  damned weather
  7. (informal) clever; smart; quick
    這孩子鬼得很！／这孩子鬼得很！  ―  Zhè háizǐ guǐ dehěn!  ―  This kid is amazingly smart!
  8. (derogatory) fool; blockhead; guy; moral imbecile
    那個老鬼又來了。／那个老鬼又来了。  ―  Nàge lǎoguǐ yòu lái le.  ―  That gaffer is coming again.
  9. Derogatory name for people with a flaw or vice. -ard
    煙鬼／烟鬼  ―  yānguǐ  ―  heavy smoker
    酒鬼  ―  jiǔguǐ  ―  alcoholic
    懶鬼／懒鬼  ―  lǎnguǐ  ―  lazybones
  10. (intimate) imp; urchin
    小鬼  ―  xiǎoguǐ  ―  imp
    機靈鬼／机灵鬼  ―  jīlíngguǐ  ―  crafty child
  11. (regional, usually in compounds) a Caucasian or Western person
    鬼佬 [Cantonese]  ―  gwai2 lou2 [Jyutping]  ―  gweilo (derogatory term for a white person)
  12. (Cantonese) traitor; rat; mole
    • 現場消息話，呢位便衣阿Sir，冇帶口罩噉混入示威者入面，係噉影人大頭，畀示威者發現係鬼[……[[#Chinese|]]] [Cantonese, trad.]
      现场消息话，呢位便衣阿Sir，冇带口罩噉混入示威者入面，系噉影人大头，畀示威者发现系鬼[……[[#Chinese|]]] [Cantonese, simp.]
      From: 2019, 便衣警扮示威者偷拍人群, in Apple Daily
      jin6 coeng4 siu1 sik1 waa6, ni1 wai6 bin6 ji1 aa3 soe4, mou5 daai3 hau2 zaau3 gam2 wan6 jap6 si6 wai1 ze2 jap6 min6, hai6 gam2 jing2 jan4 daai6 tau4-2, bei2 si6 wai1 ze2 faat3 jin6 hai6 gwai2 [...... ] [Jyutping]
      according to those present, this plain-clothes officer mingled with protestors without wearing a gauze mask and took pictures of people, and was discovered to be a mole by protestors […]
    Synonym: 內鬼／内鬼 (nèiguǐ)
  13. (Cantonese, ball games) opponent trying to steal the ball
  14. (Cantonese, inserted in certain adjectives) so; very
  15. (mildly vulgar) the hell
    什麼鬼233／什么鬼233  ―  shénme guǐ 233  ―  what the hell LOL
    我點鬼記得！／我点鬼记得！ [Cantonese]  ―  ngo5 dim2 gwai2 gei3 dak1! [Jyutping]  ―  How the hell am I supposed to remember?!
    你在搞什麼鬼？／你在搞什么鬼？  ―  Nǐ zài gǎo shénme guǐ?  ―  What the hell are you doing?
    你搞乜鬼呀？ [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 gaau2 mat1 gwai2 aa3? [Jyutping]  ―  What the hell are you doing?
  16. (mildly vulgar) who the hell, what the hell
    鬼知道！  ―  Guǐ zhīdào!  ―  Devil knows!
    有鬼人知咩！ [Cantonese]  ―  jau5 gwai2 jan4 zi1 me1! [Jyutping]  ―  Who the hell knows!
    鬼叫你…… [Cantonese]  ―  gwai2 giu3 nei5...... [Jyutping]  ―  Who the hell told you to... → No one told you to...
    有鬼用 [Cantonese]  ―  jau5 gwai2 jung6 [Jyutping]  ―  has what use (what the hell use it has) → is damn worthless, is of damn-all use

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 鬼 (“ghost”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese鬼
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)鬼, 鬼魂, 亡靈, 亡魂, 幽靈, 幽魂
MandarinBeijing鬼
Taiwan鬼
Yantai (Muping)鬼
Jinan鬼
Wanrong鬼
Xi'an鬼
Xining鬼
Ürümqi鬼
Chengdu鬼, 二五子
Guilin鬼
Liuzhou鬼, 矮老子
Yangzhou鬼
Nanjing鬼
Singapore鬼, 好兄弟
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)鬼
Dagudi (Maliba)鬼
Reshuitang (Longling)鬼
Mae Salong (Lancang)鬼
Mae Sai (Tengchong)鬼
Oudomxay鬼
CantoneseGuangzhou鬼
Hong Kong鬼, 污糟嘢, 嗰啲嘢
Dongguan鬼
Singapore (Guangfu)鬼, 好兄弟
GanNanchang鬼
Lichuan鬼
HakkaMeixian鬼
Yudu鬼
Miaoli (N. Sixian)鬼, 鬼仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)鬼, 鬼仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)鬼, 鬼仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)鬼
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)鬼, 鬼仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)鬼
HuizhouJixi鬼
JinTaiyuan鬼
Min BeiJian'ou鬼
Min DongFuzhou鬼
Min NanXiamen鬼
Quanzhou鬼
Zhangzhou鬼
Tainan鬼仔
Penang (Hokkien)鬼
Singapore (Hokkien)鬼, 好兄弟
Manila (Hokkien)鬼
Singapore (Teochew)鬼
WuShanghai鬼, 野客, 徐天老爺
Suzhou鬼
Hangzhou (Fuyang)鬼, 老本煙
Wenzhou鬼
Jinhua鬼
XiangChangsha鬼, 矮路子, 浸老倌, 田几麼, 田老倌
Xiangxiang鬼
Loudi鬼
Hengshan鬼

Compounds

Derived terms from 鬼

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鬼):
  • → Japanese: 鬼(き) (ki)
  • → Korean: 귀(鬼) (gwi)
  • → Vietnamese: quỷ (鬼)

Others:

  • → Thai: กุ๊ย (gúi)

Japanese

Kanji

鬼

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)←き (ki, historical)←くゐ (kwi, ancient)
  • Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
  • Kun: おに (oni, 鬼, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 隠(かく)れ鬼(おに) (kakureoni): hide and seek
  • 鬼(き)哭(こく) (kikoku): the wailing of a ghost, or the sound thereof
  • 鬼(き)神(じん) (kijin)
  • 鬼(おに)遊(あそ)び (oniasobi): tag (game)
  • 鬼(おに)神(がみ) (onigami)
  • 鬼(おに)ごっこ (onigokko): tag (game)
  • 鬼(おに)事(ごと) (onigoto): tag (game)
  • 鬼(おに)天(てん)竺(じく)鼠(ねずみ) (onitenjikunezumi): capybara
  • 鬼(き)女(じょ) (kijo)
  • 鬼(き)籍(せき) (kiseki)
  • 鬼(き)畜(ちく) (kichiku)
  • 鬼(き)面(めん) (kimen)
  • 鬼(き)門(もん) (kimon)
  • 吸(きゅう)血(けつ)鬼(き) (kyūketsuki): a vampire
  • 鬼(おに)火(び) (onibi)
  • 牛(うし)鬼(おに) (ushioni)

Etymology

鬼 (oni): two demon-ogres.
Kanji in this term
鬼
おに
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.[1]

Thought to be derived from 隠 (on, “to hide; hidden from sight”).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) おに​ [òníꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[3][4][5]
  • IPA(key): [o̞ɲ̟i]

Noun

鬼(おに) • (oni) 

  1. ghost
    異(い)国(こく)の鬼(おに)
    ikoku no oni
    a ghost of a foreign country
  2. evil spirit, demon, ogre
    • 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 1, page 32)[6]
      人神 周易云、人神曰鬼、居偉反、和名於邇、或説云、於邇者、隠音之訛也、鬼物隠而不欲顯形、故以稱也。
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  3. (figurative) someone of remarkable or diabolical energy or ability, a demon
    彼(かの)女(じょ)は仕(し)事(ごと)の鬼(おに)だ。
    Kanojo wa shigoto no oni da.
    She is a demon for work.
  4. "it" in a game of tag/hide and seek (鬼ごっこ onigokko, "pretend spirits")

Synonyms

  • (ghost): 御霊(みたま) (mitama), 亡霊(ぼうれい) (bōrei)
  • (evil spirit): 悪霊(あくりょう) (akuryō)
  • (figuratively: demon): 悪魔(あくま) (akuma)

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  5. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 鬼 (MC kʉiX). Recorded as Middle Korean 귀〯 (kwǔy) (Yale: kwǔy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɥi(ː)] ~ [ky(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [귀(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource鬼 (eumhun 귀신 귀 (gwisin gwi))

  1. Hanja form? of 귀 (“ghost; spirit”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 귀곡 (鬼哭, gwigok, “the wailing of a ghost”)
  • 귀공 (鬼工, gwigong)
  • 귀면 (鬼面, gwimyeon)
  • 귀병 (鬼病, gwibyeong)
  • 귀신 (鬼神, gwisin, “ghost; deity”)
  • 귀재 (鬼才, gwijae)
  • 귀접 (鬼接, gwijeop)
  • 귀천 (鬼薦, gwicheon)
  • 마귀 (魔鬼, magwi, “devil”)
  • 신출귀몰 (神出鬼沒, sinchulgwimol)
  • 악귀 (惡鬼, akgwi, “evil spirit; demon; devil”)
  • 역귀 (疫鬼, yeokgwi)
  • 적귀 (赤鬼, jeokgwi)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

鬼: Hán Việt readings: quỷ
鬼: Nôm readings: khuỷu, quẽ, quỉ, sưu

  1. chữ Hán form of quỷ (“any generic ugly, mischievous or evil spirit”).
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