鬱

See also: 鬰, 欝, and 郁

鬱	U+9B31, 鬱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B31

← 鬰
[U+9B30]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鬲 →
[U+9B32]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

鬱 (Kangxi radical 192, 鬯+19, 29 strokes, cangjie input 木木月山竹 (DDBUH), four-corner 4472₂, composition ⿳⿲木缶木冖⿰鬯彡)

Derived characters

灪, 爩, 䖇, 𡯀, 𡿥, 𡿥, 𢺴, 𥘄, 𤓮, 𪓊

References

KangXi: page 1458, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45671
Dae Jaweon: page 1990, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 858, character 12
Unihan data for U+9B31

Chinese

trad.		鬱
simp.		郁^*
alternative forms		鬰欝／郁灪宛玉鬰欝／郁灪宛玉𣠈𣡇𣡡𣡸𦉚𩏴

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鬱
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (鬱) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鬱	*qud
欝	*qud
灪	*qud
爩	*qud

Originally ideogrammic compound (會意) : 林 (“forest”) + 大 (“person”) + 勹.

Now phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qud) : semantic 林 (“forest”) + phonetic 𩰪 ().

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wat¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vut
Min Dong (BUC): ók
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ut
(Teochew, Peng'im): ug⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): yq (T4)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yù
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yù
  - Wade–Giles: yü⁴
  - Yale: yù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
  - Palladius: юй (juj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wat¹
  - Yale: wāt
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wat⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: wed¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vut
  - Hakka Romanization System: vud`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vud⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /vut̚²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ouʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ut
  - Tâi-lô: ut
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ud
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ut̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ut̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ug⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uk̚²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: yq (T4)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥ̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ʔɨut̚/

Rime
Character	鬱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	文 (60)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	紆物切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨut̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiut̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔut̚/
Li Rong	/ʔiuət̚/
Wang Li	/ĭuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯uət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wat¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qut/
(Zhengzhang): /*qud/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鬱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjut ›
Old Chinese	/*qut/
English	blocked; anxious
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鬱
Reading #	1/1
No.	16057
Phonetic component	鬱
Rime group	物
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	鬱
Old Chinese	/*qud/

Definitions

鬱

lush; luxuriant; exuberant; dense; thick
various; abundant; profuse
deep; obscure; profound
to gather; to stagnate; to become stagnant
depressed; gloomy; moody
melancholy; depression
to begrudge; to resent; to feel aggrieved
hot air (rising); steam
a kind of plum
name of a god
tall and big
putrid; putrefied
tulip; fragrant grass
alt. forms: 𩰪, 䖇
(～水) name for a branch of the Pearl River, including the You River, Yu River and the Xun River in Guangxi, as well as the Xi River downstream in Guangdong
(～郡) name of an ancient Chinese prefecture
a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 鬱

伊鬱／伊郁
勃鬱／勃郁
坱鬱／坱郁
壹鬱／壹郁
怏鬱／怏郁
怫鬱／怫郁
悒鬱／悒郁 (yìyù)
悒鬱不忿／悒郁不忿
悒鬱寡歡／悒郁寡欢 (yìyùguǎhuān)
憂鬱／忧郁 (yōuyù)
憂鬱症／忧郁症 (yōuyùzhèng)
抑鬱／抑郁 (yìyù)
抑鬱寡歡／抑郁寡欢
抗憂鬱藥／抗忧郁药
氣鬱／气郁
氤鬱／氤郁
沉鬱／沉郁 (chényù)
沉鬱頓挫／沉郁顿挫
泱鬱／泱郁
湮鬱／湮郁
滃鬱／滃郁
漚鬱／沤郁
神荼鬱壘／神荼郁垒 (Shēnshū Yùlǜ)
積鬱／积郁 (jīyù)
紆鬱／纡郁
肝鬱／肝郁

芬鬱／芬郁
茀鬱／茀郁
蒼鬱／苍郁 (cāngyù)
蓊鬱／蓊郁 (wěngyù)
蔥鬱／葱郁 (cōngyù)
躁鬱症／躁郁症 (zàoyùzhèng)
陰鬱／阴郁 (yīnyù)
鞅鬱／鞅郁
馥鬱／馥郁
鬱伊／郁伊
鬱勃／郁勃 (yùbó)
鬱卒／郁卒 (yùzú)
鬱堙不偶／郁堙不偶
鬱塞／郁塞
鬱壘／郁垒 (Yùlǜ)
鬱律／郁律
鬱悒／郁悒
鬱悶／郁闷 (yùmèn)
鬱憤／郁愤 (yùfèn)
鬱抑／郁抑 (yùyì)
鬱江／郁江 (Yùjiāng)
鬱沉沉／郁沉沉
鬱泱／郁泱
鬱湮／郁湮
鬱火／郁火

鬱然／郁然 (yùrán)
鬱熱／郁热 (yùrè)
鬱燠／郁燠
鬱症／郁症 (yùzhèng)
鬱積／郁积 (yùjī)
鬱紆／郁纡
鬱結／郁结 (yùjié)
鬱蒸／郁蒸
鬱蒼／郁苍 (yùcāng)
鬱蓊／郁蓊
鬱蔥／郁葱
鬱血／郁血 (yùxuè)
鬱邑／郁邑
鬱郁／郁郁 (yùyù)
鬱金／郁金 (yùjīn)
鬱金香／郁金香 (yùjīnxiāng)
鬱閉／郁闭 (yùbì)
鬱陶／郁陶 (yùtáo)
鬱馥／郁馥
鬱鬱／郁郁 (yùyù)
鬱鬱不平／郁郁不平
鬱鬱不樂／郁郁不乐 (yùyùbùlè)
鬱鬱寡歡／郁郁寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)
鬱鬱蒼蒼／郁郁苍苍 (yùyùcāngcāng)
鬱鬱蔥蔥／郁郁葱葱 (yùyùcōngcōng)

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	欝
Kyūjitai	鬱

Kanji

鬱

(common “Jōyō” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 欝)

depression, gloom, melancholy

Readings

Go-on: うち (uchi)
Kan-on: うつ (utsu, Jōyō)
Kun: こもる (komoru, 鬱る); しげる (shigeru, 鬱る); ふさがる (fusagaru, 鬱がる); ふさぐ (fusagu, 鬱ぐ)
Nanori: しげる (shigeru)

Compounds

鬱(う)金(こん) (ukon)
鬱(う)金(こん)色(いろ) (ukon'iro)
鬱(う)金(こん)香(こう) (ukonkō)
鬱(うっ)気(き) (ukki)
鬱(うっ)屈(くつ) (ukkutsu)
鬱(うっ)血(けつ) (ukketsu)
鬱(うっ)積(せき) (usseki)
鬱(うっ)蒼(そう) (ussō)
鬱(うっ)滞(たい) (uttai)
鬱(うっ)陶(とう)しい (uttōshii)
鬱(うっ)憤(ぷん) (uppun)
鬱(うつ)々(うつ) (utsuutsu)
鬱(うつ)然(ぜん) (utsuzen)
鬱(うつ)病(びょう) (utsubyō)
鬱(うつ)勃(ぼつ) (utsubotsu)
気(き)鬱(うつ) (kiutsu)
暗(あん)鬱(うつ) (an'utsu)
陰(いん)鬱(うつ) (in'utsu)
気(き)鬱(うつ)症(しょう) (kiutsushō)
躁(そう)鬱(うつ) (sōutsu)
躁(そう)鬱(うつ)質(しつ) (sōutsushitsu)
躁(そう)鬱(うつ)病(びょう) (sōutsubyō)
沈(ちん)鬱(うつ) (chin'utsu)
幽(ゆう)鬱(うつ) (yūutsu)
憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ) (yūutsu)
憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ)質(しつ) (yūutsushitsu)
憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ)症(しょう) (yūutsushō)
抑(よく)鬱(うつ) (yokuutsu)

Trivia

鬱 has, at 29 strokes, the most strokes of any kanji in the jōyō kanji list or kanji kentei level 2.[1] The next highest kanji in the jōyō list is 鑑, at 23 strokes.

Prior to the Japanese script reform, this character was handwritten as 欝 using 25 strokes, similar to how "令" is often written differently in handwriting. However, after the reform, the character was excluded from the official lists. In 2010, only the print form was included in the new jōyō kanji list, and it is today taught to be written like the print form instead of like 欝 .

Etymology

Kanji in this term
鬱
うつ Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 鬱 (MC ʔɨut̚).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) うつ [úꜜtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

Adjective

鬱(うつ) • (utsu) -na (adnominal 鬱(うつ)な (utsu na), adverbial 鬱(うつ)に (utsu ni))

depressing
鬱(うつ)な曲(きょく)
utsu na kyoku
depressing song
depressed
鬱(うつ)な気(き)分(ぶん)
utsu na kibun
gloomy mood
鬱(うつ)になりそう
utsu ni narisō
to be almost depressed about something

Noun

鬱(うつ) • (utsu)

(psychiatry) depression
鬱(うつ)を克(こく)服(ふく)する
utsu o kokufuku suru
overcome depression

Synonyms

鬱(うつ)病(びょう) (utsubyō)

Affix

鬱(うつ) • (utsu)

dense (growth); lush; luxuriant
accumulate; stagnate
depression; gloom; melancholy

References

Crazy kanji: what’s the highest stroke count?, Nihonshock, 2009 Oct 22
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Alternative forms

㭗 (㭗)

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 鬱 (MC ʔɨut̚).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅮᇙ〮 (Yale: qwúlq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 울 (wul) (Yale: wul) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [uɭ]
Phonetic hangul: [울]

Hanja

Wikisource鬱 (eumhun 답답할 울 (dapdaphal ul))

Hanja form^? of 울 (“stuffy; stifling; suffocating”).

Compounds

울결 (鬱結, ulgyeol)
울금 (鬱金, ulgeum)
울기 (鬱氣, ulgi)
울념 (鬱念, ullyeom)
울노 (鬱怒, ullo)
울담 (鬱痰, uldam)
울도 (鬱陶, uldo)
울림 (鬱林, ullim)
울민 (鬱悶, ulmin)
울밀 (鬱密, ulmil)
울분 (鬱憤, ulbun)
울산 (鬱散, ulsan)
울울 (鬱鬱, urul)
울적 (鬱寂, uljeok)
울적 (鬱積, uljeok)
울화 (鬱火, ulhwa)
구울 (漚鬱, guul)
불울 (岪鬱, burul)
불울 (弗鬱, burul)
아울 (訝鬱, aul)
앙울 (怏鬱, ang'ul)
앙울 (泱鬱, ang'ul)
애울 (藹鬱, ae'ul)
억울 (抑鬱, eogul)
옹울 (蓊鬱, ong'ul)
우울 (憂鬱, uul)
음울 (陰鬱, eumul)
읍울 (悒鬱, eubul)
인울 (湮鬱, inul)
재울 (齎鬱, jae'ul)
창울 (蒼鬱, chang'ul)
우울증 (憂鬱症, uuljeung)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

鬱: Hán Nôm readings: uất

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] Crazy kanji: what’s the highest stroke count?, Nihonshock, 2009 Oct 22

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN