驗

See also: 验

驗	U+9A57, 驗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9A57

← 驖
[U+9A56]

CJK Unified Ideographs

驘 →
[U+9A58]

Translingual

Traditional	驗
Shinjitai	験
Simplified	验

Han character

驗 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+13, 23 strokes, cangjie input 尸火人一人 (SFOMO), four-corner 7833₆, composition ⿰馬僉)

References

KangXi: page 1445, character 40

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45024

Dae Jaweon: page 1970, character 13

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4580, character 8

Unihan data for U+9A57

Chinese

trad.		驗
simp.		验
alternative forms		𩥾騐／验

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 驗
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (僉) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
厱	raːm, kʰreːm, *kʰlam
歛	*qʰlaːm
臉	ɡ·reːmʔ, skʰlam, *kramʔ
醶	ɡr·reːmʔ, skʰraːmʔ
鹼	kreːmʔ, skʰlam
薟	ɡ·ram, ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram
匳	*ɡ·ram
獫	ɡ·ram, ɡ·ramʔ, ɡ·rams, qʰramʔ
蘞	ɡ·ram, ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam
籢	*ɡ·ram
斂	ɡ·ramʔ, ɡ·rams
瀲	ɡ·ramʔ, ɡ·rams
撿	ɡ·ramʔ, kramʔ
羷	*ɡ·ramʔ
殮	*ɡ·rams
簽	*skʰlam
僉	*skʰlam
憸	skʰlam, skʰlamʔ, sqʰlam, qʰramʔ
譣	skʰlam, qʰramʔ
檢	*kramʔ
瞼	*kramʔ
儉	*ɡramʔ
顩	ŋramʔ, rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ
嬐	*ŋramʔ
嶮	ŋramʔ, hŋramʔ
噞	ŋramʔ, ŋrams
驗	*ŋrams
險	*qʰramʔ
劒	*kams
劍	*kams
𩏩	*qʰam

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋrams) : semantic 馬 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yàn (yan⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˋ
(Chengdu, SP): nyian⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): jim⁶
(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngiam⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): nyien⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngiam
(Meixian, Guangdong): ngiam⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): ie³
Min Bei (KCR): ngīng
Min Dong (BUC): ngiêng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): giām
(Teochew, Peng'im): ngiam⁷ / ngiêm⁷ / ngiang⁷
Wu (Wiktionary): nyi (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): nyienn⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
  - Wade–Giles: yen⁴
  - Yale: yàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nyian⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʲiɛn²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jim⁶
  - Yale: yihm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngiam⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡiam³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: nyien⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲiɛn¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiam
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiam
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯am⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngiam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲiam⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ie³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɛŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giām
  - Tâi-lô: giām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giam
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡiam²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɡiam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiam³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngiam⁷ / ngiêm⁷ / ngiang⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiām / ngiēm / ngiāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiam¹¹/, /ŋiem¹¹/, /ŋiaŋ¹¹/

Note:

ngiam7 - Shantou, Jieyang;
ngiêm7 - Chaozhou;
ngiang7 - Chenghai.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: nyi (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: nyienn⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲiẽ⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 驗
Mandarin	Beijing	/ian⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ian⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ian⁵³/
	Jinan	/iã²¹/
	Qingdao	/iã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ian³¹²/
	Xi'an	/iã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/iã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ian¹³/
	Lanzhou	/iɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ian²¹³/
	Wuhan	/niɛn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ȵian¹³/
	Guiyang	/nian²¹³/ /ian²¹³/ 新
	Kunming	/iɛ̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ien⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/iĩ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ie⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ie̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ie⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/e³⁵/ /i³⁵/
	Suzhou	/ȵiɪ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiẽ̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ȵi²²/
Hui	Shexian	/ne²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ȵiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵiẽ⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ȵiẽ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/ȵiɛn²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋiam⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ŋiɑm⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jim²²/
	Nanning	/jim²²/
	Hong Kong	/jim²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/giam²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ŋiɛŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ŋiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ŋiam³¹/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ŋiam³³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋˠiᴇm^H/

Rime
Character	驗
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	鹽 (154)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚窆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiᴇm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚiɛm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiæm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋjiam^H/
Li Rong	/ŋjɛm^H/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɛm^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɛm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-qʰr[a]m-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋrams/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	驗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yàn
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjem^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m-qʰr[a]m-s/
English	verify
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	驗
Reading #	1/1
No.	10218
Phonetic component	僉
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	驗
Old Chinese	/*ŋrams/

Definitions

驗

to test; to examine; to inspect
to verify

Compounds

Derived terms from 驗

不靈驗／不灵验
不驗／不验
人格測驗／人格测验
先驗主義／先验主义 (xiānyàn zhǔyì)
勘驗／勘验
化驗／化验 (huàyàn)
化驗單／化验单 (huàyàndān)
占驗／占验
參驗／参验 (cānyàn)
商品檢驗／商品检验
報驗／报验 (bàoyàn)
奇驗／奇验
實驗／实验 (shíyàn)
實驗劇場／实验剧场
實驗報告／实验报告
實驗室／实验室 (shíyànshì)
實驗法／实验法
實驗電影／实验电影
工作經驗／工作经验
心理測驗／心理测验
性向測驗／性向测验
憑驗／凭验
應驗／应验 (yìngyàn)
成就測驗／成就测验
抽驗／抽验
按驗／按验
掣驗／掣验
推驗／推验
效驗／效验 (xiàoyàn)

明效大驗／明效大验
智力測驗／智力测验
查驗／查验 (cháyàn)
核子試驗／核子试验
案驗／案验 (ànyàn)
檢驗／检验 (jiǎnyàn)
檢驗圖／检验图
民意測驗／民意测验 (mínyì cèyàn)
測驗／测验 (cèyàn)
火花試驗／火花试验
疲勞試驗／疲劳试验
百靈百驗／百灵百验
盤驗／盘验
符驗／符验
經驗／经验 (jīngyàn)
經驗主義／经验主义 (jīngyànzhǔyì)
經驗之談／经验之谈
經驗論／经验论 (jīngyànlùn)
考驗／考验 (kǎoyàn)
能力測驗／能力测验
臨床實驗／临床实验
臨床經驗／临床经验
臺灣經驗／台湾经验
船模試驗／船模试验
蒸骨驗屍／蒸骨验尸
血液檢驗／血液检验
試驗／试验 (shìyàn)
試驗室／试验室
試驗田／试验田

證驗／证验 (zhèngyàn)
間接經驗／间接经验 (jiànjiē jīngyàn)
靈驗／灵验 (língyàn)
驗傷／验伤 (yànshāng)
驗光／验光 (yànguāng)
驗單／验单
驗契／验契
驗屍／验尸 (yànshī)
驗左／验左
驗收／验收 (yànshōu)
驗放／验放
驗方／验方 (yànfāng)
驗明／验明
驗明正身／验明正身
驗核／验核
驗疫／验疫
驗看／验看
驗票／验票 (yànpiào)
驗算／验算 (yànsuàn)
驗血／验血 (yànxuè)
驗訖／验讫
驗證／验证 (yànzhèng)
驗貨／验货 (yànhuò)
驗貨單／验货单
驗鈔機／验钞机 (yànchāojī)
驗關／验关 (yànguān)
驗電器／验电器 (yàndiànqì)
體驗／体验 (tǐyàn)
點驗／点验

Japanese

Shinjitai	験
Kyūjitai	驗

Kanji

驗

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 験)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): けん (ken); げん (gen)
Kun: あかし (akashi, 驗); ためす (tamesu, 驗す); しるし (shirushi, 驗)

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 엄 (eom) based on Middle Chinese 驗 (MC ŋˠiᴇm^H).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᅌᅥᆷ〮 (Yale: ngem)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [hʌ̹m]
Phonetic hangul: [험]

Hanja

Wikisource驗 (eum 험 (heom))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

驗: Hán Nôm readings: nghiệm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.