驂

See also: 骖

驂	U+9A42, 驂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9A42

← 驁
[U+9A41]

CJK Unified Ideographs

驃 →
[U+9A43]

Translingual

Han character

驂 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+11, 21 strokes, cangjie input 尸火戈戈竹 (SFIIH), four-corner 7332₂, composition ⿰馬參)

the two flanking horses of a charioteer's team

References

KangXi: page 1444, character 21

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44965

Dae Jaweon: page 1968, character 18

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4575, character 18

Unihan data for U+9A42

Chinese

trad.		驂
simp.		骖

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 驂
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (參) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
篸	ʔsluːm, ʔsluːms
參	sʰluːm, sʰluːms, sloːm, sʰrum, *srum
驂	*sʰluːm
傪	sʰluːm, sʰluːmʔ
慘	*sʰluːmʔ
黲	sʰluːmʔ, sʰloːmʔ
謲	*sʰluːms
毿	*sluːm
蔘	sluːm, srum
犙	sluːm, sru, *srɯu
糝	*sluːmʔ
槮	sluːmʔ, sʰrum, srum, srumʔ
鬖	*sloːm
摻	sruːm, sruːmʔ
醦	sruːmʔ, sʰrumʔ
縿	*sroːm
穇	*sroːm
嵾	*sʰrum
磣	*sʰrumʔ
墋	*sʰrumʔ
曑	*srum
瘮	*srumʔ
滲	*srums

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cān (can¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄘㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): caam¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cān
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: can
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻan¹
  - Yale: tsān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsan
  - Palladius: цань (canʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: caam¹
  - Yale: chāam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cam¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːm⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰʌm/

Rime
Character	驂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	倉含切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰəm/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰəm/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰᴀm/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɒm/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caam¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-sˤrum/
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰluːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	驂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cān
Middle Chinese	‹ tshom ›
Old Chinese	/m-sˁrum/ (should be s.r̥ˁum)
English	team of three horses
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	驂
Reading #	1/1
No.	1082
Phonetic component	參
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	參
Old Chinese	/*sʰluːm/

Definitions

驂

(literary) two flanking horses of a charioteer's team
- 叔于田，乘乘鴇，兩服齊首，兩驂如手。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  叔于田，乘乘鸨，两服齐首，两骖如手。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Shū yú tián, chéng chéng bǎo, liǎng fú qí shǒu, liǎng cān rú shǒu. [Pinyin]
  Shu has gone hunting, mounted in his chariot with four grey horses. His two insides have their heads in a line, and the two outsides come after like arms.
(literary, generally) horse
- 葩經一帙誦分明，客駐程驂忽有情。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]
  From: Poem by Kim Byeong'yeon (金炳淵), 1800s
  Pagyeong il jil song bunmyeong, gaek ju jeong cham hor yujeong. [Sino-Korean]
  Clear is her recitation of a volume of the Odes; the traveler halts his horse on the road, for suddenly his heart is moved.

Compounds

停驂／停骖
咫角驂駒／咫角骖驹

篠驂／筱骖
解驂推食／解骖推食

驂乘／骖乘
驂靳／骖靳

Japanese

Kanji

驂

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: そん (son)

Kan-on: さん (san)

Kun: そえうま (soeuma)

Korean

Hanja

驂 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.