駒

駒

See also: 驹

駒 U+99D2, 駒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-99D2 ← 駑 [U+99D1] CJK Unified Ideographs 駓 → [U+99D3]

Translingual

Han character

駒 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+5, 15 strokes, cangjie input 尸火心口 (SFPR), four-corner 7732₀, composition ⿰馬句)

References

• KangXi: page 1436, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44663
• Dae Jaweon: page 1960, character 30
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4549, character 2
• Unihan data for U+99D2

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Chinese

trad.		駒
simp.		驹

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 駒
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
勾	*koː, *koːs
鉤	*koː
鴝	*koː, *ɡo
句	*koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo
夠	*koː, *koːs, *kʰoː
枸	*koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ
軥	*koː, *koːs, *ɡo
狗	*koːʔ
苟	*koːʔ
岣	*koːʔ, *ko
笱	*koːʔ
玽	*koːʔ
耇	*koːʔ
豿	*koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ
敂	*koːʔ
怐	*koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos
雊	*koːs
竘	*kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ
齁	*qʰoː
呴	*qʰoːʔ, *qʰos
蚼	*qʰoːʔ, *ɡo
豞	*qʰoːs
訽	*qʰoːs, *ɡoːs
佝	*qʰoːs
拘	*ko
駒	*ko
眗	*ko
跔	*ko
鮈	*ko
痀	*ko
蒟	*koʔ, *kos
絇	*kos, *ɡo
邭	*kos
劬	*ɡo
朐	*ɡo
鼩	*ɡo
斪	*ɡo
翑	*ɡo
葋	*ɡo
姁	*ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
欨	*qʰo, *qʰoʔ
喣	*qʰoʔ
煦	*qʰoʔ, *qʰos
昫	*qʰos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ko) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit घोट (ghoṭa), घोड (ghoḍa) (see घोटक (ghoṭaka) for Indo-Aryan descendants), which has been borrowed into many Sino-Tibetan languages; cognate with Proto-Tani *kɯ, Mizo sa-kawr (STEDT 6023).

Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 狗 (OC *koːʔ, “dog; puppy”), 羔 (OC *kluː, “lamb”), 𤘽 (“calf”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jū (ju¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩ

  (Chengdu, SP): ju¹

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): keoi¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kui¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): jy¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kî

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gi¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): jy¹
• Min Bei (KCR): kṳ́
• Min Dong (BUC): kṳ̆
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ku / khu / khi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ku¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): jy (T1)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): jy¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jū
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyu
    • Wade–Giles: chü¹
    • Yale: jyū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiu
    • Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ju¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gy
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: keoi¹
    • Yale: kēui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: koey¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: kêu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: kui¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰui³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: jy¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî
    • Hakka Romanization System: gi´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ci⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: jy¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕy¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰy⁵⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰy⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku
    • Tâi-lô: ku
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ku⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ku³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khu
    • Tâi-lô: khu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰu⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khi
    • Tâi-lô: khi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ku¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: jy (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: jy¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kɨo/

Rime
Character	駒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	舉朱切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/kio/
Shao Rongfen	/kio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuə̆/
Li Rong	/kio/
Wang Li	/kĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	geoi1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ko/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	駒
Reading #	1/1
No.	7094
Phonetic component	句
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	拘
Old Chinese	/*ko/

Definitions

駒

1. foal (young horse)

   • 老馬反為駒、不顧其後。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     老马反为驹、不顾其后。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Lǎomǎ fǎn wéi jū, bù gù qí hòu. [Pinyin]

     An old horse, notwithstanding, thinks himself a colt, and has no regard to the future.

2. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 小馬 (“foal”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		駒, 馬駒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		小馬
Mandarin	Beijing	馬駒兒, 馬駒子
	Harbin	馬駒子
	Yantai (Muping)	馬駒兒, 馬駒子
	Jinan	馬駒兒, 馬駒子
	Luoyang	馬駒子
	Wanrong	馬駒子
	Xi'an	馬駒兒, 馬駒子
	Yinchuan	馬駒子, 馬駒駒
	Lanzhou	馬駒子
	Xining	尕馬兒, 馬駒子兒, 馬駒子
	Wuhan	小馬
	Chengdu	小馬兒
	Guiyang	小馬崽, 小馬兒
	Liuzhou	馬崽
	Yangzhou	小馬
	Hefei	小馬
Cantonese	Guangzhou	馬仔
	Hong Kong	馬仔
	Dongguan	馬仔
	Yangjiang	馬仔
Gan	Nanchang	馬崽子
	Lichuan	馬崽兒
Hakka	Meixian	細馬仔
	Yudu	細馬
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	馬子
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	馬子
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	馬子
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	馬子
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	馬子
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	馬么
Jin	Taiyuan	馬駒, 馬駒子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	馬仔
Min Dong	Fuzhou	馬囝
Min Nan	Xiamen	馬仔囝, 馬仔
	Quanzhou	馬仔
	Zhangzhou	馬仔
	Penang (Hokkien)	馬囝
	Chaozhou	馬囝
	Leizhou	馬囝
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	馬崽
Wu	Suzhou	小馬
	Wenzhou	馬兒
Xiang	Changsha	馬崽子
	Shuangfeng	馬崽基

Compounds

千里駒／千里驹 名駒／名驹 咫角驂駒／咫角骖驹 玄駒／玄驹 白駒／白驹 (báijū) 白駒空谷／白驹空谷 白駒過隙／白驹过隙 (báijūguòxì) 老馬為駒／老马为驹

良駒／良驹 (liángjū) 轅下駒／辕下驹 過隙白駒／过隙白驹 隙駒／隙驹 馬駒／马驹 (mǎjū) 駒光／驹光 駒兒隙／驹儿隙 駒影／驹影

駒齒未落／驹齿未落 駿駒／骏驹 驢駒子／驴驹子 驪駒／骊驹 驪駒在門／骊驹在门 龍駒／龙驹 (lóngjū) 龍駒鳳雛／龙驹凤雏

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Japanese

FWOTD – 28 March 2022

Kanji

駒

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: く (ku)
• Kun: こま (koma, 駒, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 駒(く)隙(げき) (kugeki, “months and days passing quickly”)
• 隙(げき)駒(く) (gekiku, “months and days passing quickly”)
• 白(はっ)駒(く) (hakku, “white horse; time”)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
駒
こま Grade: S
kun’yomi

Compound of 子(こ) (ko, “child”) + 馬(ま) (ma, “horse”).

See also 子馬(こうま) (kōma).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こ​ま [kóꜜmà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2] (all except "bridge" sense)
• (Tokyo) こま [kòmá] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ma̠]

Noun

駒(こま) • (koma) 

1. (rare) foal, young horse (or generally) horse
2. (shogi, chess) piece, man
   • 2013, Habu Yoshiharu: Shōgi-shi o nuri-kaeta otoko [Yoshiharu Habu: The man who changed the face of shogi history], page 88:

     ポーンは一(いっ)歩(ぽ)斜(なな)めにある駒(こま)を取(と)ることができます。

     Pōn wa ippo naname ni aru koma o toru koto ga dekimasu.

     A pawn can take a piece that is one step away diagonally.

3. someone controlled by another: a pawn, a puppet
4. (music) bridge (the piece, on string instruments, that supports the strings from the sounding board)

Synonyms

• (horse): 馬(うま) (uma)

Derived terms

• 駒(こま)鳥(どり) (komadori, “Japanese robin”)
• 駒(こま)を進(すす)める (koma o susumeru, “to advance”)

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja

駒 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

駒: Hán Nôm readings: câu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.