首陀羅

首陀羅

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (首陀羅)		首	陀	羅
simp. (首陀罗)		首	陀	罗

Etymology

From Sanskrit शूद्र (śūdra).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shǒutuóluó

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄡˇ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shǒutuóluó
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˇ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shǒutuóluó
    • Wade–Giles: shou³-tʻo²-lo²
    • Yale: shǒu-twó-lwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shooutwoluo
    • Palladius: шоутоло (šoutolo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ tʰwɔ³⁵ lwɔ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɕɨu^H  dɑ  lɑ/

Rime
Character	首	陀	羅
Reading #	2/2	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	定 (7)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	歌 (94)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I	I
Fanqie	舒救切	徒河切	魯何切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨuH/	/dɑ/	/lɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiuH/	/dɑ/	/lɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiəuH/	/dɑ/	/lɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕuwH/	/da/	/la/
Li Rong	/ɕiuH/	/dɑ/	/lɑ/
Wang Li	/ɕĭəuH/	/dɑ/	/lɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ə̯uH/	/dʱɑ/	/lɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shòu	tuó	luó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sau3	to4	lo4

Noun

首陀羅

1. (Hinduism, Buddhism) Shudra (one of the four castes of the varna system)