餐

餐

餐 U+9910, 餐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9910 ← 餏 [U+990F] CJK Unified Ideographs 餑 → [U+9911]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

餐 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+7, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜水人戈女 (YEOIV), four-corner 2773₂, composition ⿱𣦼食)

Derived characters

• 爘, 𡄄, 𩽐, 𬆝

References

• KangXi: page 1419, character 39
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44160
• Dae Jaweon: page 1944, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4455, character 5
• Unihan data for U+9910

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Chinese

trad.		餐
simp. #		餐
2nd round simp.		歺
alternative forms		湌 飡 喰 䬸 𩛳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 餐
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (粲) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
餐	*sʰaːn
湌	*sʰaːn
粲	*sʰaːns
燦	*sʰaːns
璨	*sʰaːns
薒	*sʰaːns
殩	*sʰoːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰaːn) : phonetic 𣦼 + semantic 食 (“to eat; meal; food”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”), whence Tibetan ཟ (za, “to eat”); probably also related to 咀 (OC *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ, “to chew”) (STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, it may be compared to Tibetan འཚལ་བ ('tshal ba, “to eat”), ཚལ་མ (tshal ma, “breakfast”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): cān (can¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢ

  (Chengdu, SP): can¹

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цан (can, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): caan¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): tan¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): can¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhôn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): con¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): can¹
• Min Bei (KCR): chūing
• Min Dong (BUC): chuăng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhan

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cang¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): tshe (T1); tshoe (T1)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): can¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cān
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: can
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻan¹
    • Yale: tsān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsan
    • Palladius: цань (canʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰän⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: can¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: can
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цан (can, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰæ̃²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: caan¹
    • Yale: chāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: can¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːn⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: tan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰan³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: can¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰan⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhôn
    • Hakka Romanization System: con´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: con¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰon²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: con¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔn⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: can¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰæ̃¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chūing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuiŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chuăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuaŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhan
    • Tâi-lô: tshan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhafn
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sʰan³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: tshe (T1); tshoe (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰe̞⁵³/, /t͡sʰø⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: can¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰan³³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 餐
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰan²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡sʰã²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰã²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰan²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰã²¹/
	Xining	/t͡sʰã⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡sʰɛ̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡sʰã̠⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰaŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰæ̃²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰæ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰæ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sʰø⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰø⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰẽ̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰa³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰɛ³¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡sʰɔ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰan³³/
	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰan³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰan⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰon⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰon²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰan⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡sʰuaŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sʰuiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡sʰaŋ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/saŋ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰɑn/

Rime
Character	餐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	七安切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰan/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑn/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caan1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰaːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	餐
Reading #	1/1
No.	1117
Phonetic component	粲
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	餐
Old Chinese	/*sʰaːn/
Notes	聲符皆爲歺又

Definitions

餐

1. to eat

   飽餐／饱餐  ―  bǎocān  ―  to eat one's fill

2. meal

   早餐  ―  zǎocān  ―  breakfast (lit. early meal)

3. cuisine; (type of) food

   西餐  ―  xīcān  ―  Western-style food

   食美國餐／食美国餐 [Cantonese]  ―  sik⁶ mei⁵ gwok³ caan¹ [Jyutping]  ―  eat American food

4. Classifier for meals.

   一餐飯／一餐饭  ―  yī cān fàn  ―  one meal

   每日食三餐 [Cantonese]  ―  mui⁵ jat⁶ sik⁶ saam¹ caan¹ [Jyutping]  ―  eat three meals a day

5. (Cantonese, Gan, Xiang) Classifier for beatings, scoldings, etc.

   打人一餐 [Cantonese]  ―  daa² jan⁴ jat¹ caan¹ [Jyutping]  ―  to give someone a beating

   做餐懵 [Cantonese]  ―  zou⁶ caan¹ mung² [Jyutping]  ―  to do a lot for litter in return

6. (Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 午餐肉 (“luncheon meat”).

   餐蛋麵／餐蛋面 [Cantonese]  ―  caan¹ daan⁶ min⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  noodle with luncheon meat and eggs

Synonyms

• (cuisine): 菜 (cài)
• (classifier for meals):

Dialectal synonyms of 頓 (“(classifier for meals)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		頓
Mandarin	Beijing	頓
	Taiwan	頓
	Yantai (Muping)	頓
	Jinan	頓
	Wanrong	頓
	Xi'an	頓
	Yinchuan	頓
	Ürümqi	頓
	Wuhan	頓, 餐
	Chengdu	頓
	Guiyang	頓
	Liuzhou	餐
	Xuzhou	頓
	Yangzhou	頓
	Nanjing	頓
	Hefei	頓
	Singapore	餐
Cantonese	Guangzhou	餐
	Hong Kong	餐
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	餐
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	餐
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	餐
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	餐
	Macau	餐
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	餐
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	餐
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	餐
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	餐
	Foshan	餐
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	餐
	Foshan (Shunde)	餐
	Foshan (Sanshui)	餐
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	餐
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	餐
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	餐
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	餐
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	餐
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	餐
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	餐
	Taishan	餐
	Kaiping (Chikan)	餐
	Enping (Niujiang)	餐
	Heshan (Yayao)	餐
	Dongguan	餐
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	餐
	Yangjiang	餐
	Danzhou	餐
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	餐
	Singapore (Guangfu)	餐
Gan	Nanchang	餐
	Lichuan	餐
	Pingxiang	餐
Hakka	Meixian	餐
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	餐
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	餐
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	餐
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	餐
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	餐
	Wengyuan	餐
	Liannan	餐
	Conghua (Lütian)	餐
	Jiexi	餐
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	頓
	Changting	餐
	Wuping (Yanqian)	餐
	Ninghua	餐
	Yudu	餐
	Ningdu	餐
	Tonggu (Sandu)	餐
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	餐
	Dayu	餐
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	餐
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	餐
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	餐
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	餐
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	餐
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	頓
	Hong Kong	餐
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	餐
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	餐
	Xinyi (Sihe)	餐
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	餐
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	餐
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	餐
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	餐
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	餐
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	餐
	Mengshan (Xihe)	餐
	Luchuan	餐
	Senai (Huiyang)	餐
	Singkawang	餐
Huizhou	Jixi	頓, 餐
Jin	Taiyuan	頓
	Xinzhou	頓
Min Bei	Jian'ou	頓
Min Dong	Fuzhou	頓
Min Nan	Xiamen	頓
	Quanzhou	頓
	Jinjiang	頓
	Yongchun	頓
	Zhangzhou	頓
	Taipei	頓
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	頓
	Kaohsiung	頓
	Yilan	頓
	Changhua (Lukang)	頓
	Taichung	頓
	Tainan	頓
	Hsinchu	頓
	Kinmen	頓
	Penghu (Magong)	頓
	Singapore (Hokkien)	頓
	Manila (Hokkien)	頓
	Chaozhou	頓
	Jieyang	頓
	Haifeng	頓
	Bangkok (Teochew)	頓
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	頓
	Singapore (Teochew)	頓
	Wenchang	頓
	Haikou	頓
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	餐
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	餐
Wu	Shanghai	頓
	Shanghai (Chongming)	頓
	Suzhou	頓
	Danyang	頓
	Hangzhou	頓
	Ningbo	頓
	Wenzhou	廚
	Jinhua	餐
Xiang	Changsha	餐
	Loudi	餐
	Shuangfeng	餐

• (classifier for beatings, scoldings, etc.):

Dialectal synonyms of 頓 (“(classifier for beatings, scoldings, etc.)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		頓
Mandarin	Beijing	頓
	Taiwan	頓
	Jinan	頓
	Xi'an	頓
	Wuhan	頓
	Chengdu	頓
	Yangzhou	頓
	Hefei	頓
	Singapore	頓
Cantonese	Guangzhou	餐
	Hong Kong	餐
	Yangjiang	餐
Gan	Nanchang	餐
Hakka	Meixian	頓
Jin	Taiyuan	頓
Min Bei	Jian'ou	頓
Min Dong	Fuzhou	回
Min Nan	Xiamen	睏
Wu	Suzhou	頓
	Wenzhou	套
Xiang	Changsha	餐
	Shuangfeng	餐

Compounds

Derived terms from 餐

一噎止餐 三餐 (sāncān) 下餐 中餐 (zhōngcān) 佐餐 (zuǒcān) 便餐 (biàncān) 免洗餐具 分餐 加餐 (jiācān) 午餐 (wǔcān) 唐餐 (tángcān) 堂餐 夜餐 大餐 (dàcān) 大餐房 套餐 (tàocān) 小餐 就餐 (jiùcān) 工作午餐 廊下餐 廊餐 忘餐 快餐 (kuàicān, “fast food”) 授餐 日旰忘餐 早餐 (zǎocān) 晚餐 (wǎncān) 晨餐 服露餐霞 朝餐 朝餐夜宿 正餐 (zhèngcān) 特餐 狼吞虎餐 狼餐 狼餐虎咽 狼餐虎噬 甘餐 用餐 (yòngcān) 盒餐 秀可餐 秀色可餐 (xiùsèkěcān) 秀色堪餐 素餐 (sùcān) 聚餐 (jùcān) 自助餐 (zìzhùcān) 西餐 (xīcān) 野餐 (yěcān) 飧餐 餐事 餐仰 餐具 (cānjù) 餐刀 (cāndāo) 餐和 餐啄 餐啖 餐啗

餐嚼 餐室 (cānshì) 餐巾 (cānjīn) 餐布 餐挹 餐服 餐松啖柏 餐松食柏 餐柴 餐桌 (cānzhuō) 餐玉 餐痂 餐盒 (cānhé) 餐腥啄腐 餐芝 餐苡 餐英 餐薇 餐霞 餐霞人 餐霞吸露 餐霞子 餐霞客 餐霞漱瀣 餐食 饔餐 尸位素餐 (shīwèisùcān) 尸利素餐 (shīlìsùcān) 素餐尸位 三餐不繼／三餐不继 傳餐／传餐 壺餐／壶餐 大餐間／大餐间 宿水餐風／宿水餐风 宿雨餐風／宿雨餐风 尸祿素餐／尸禄素餐 (shīlùsùcān) 廢寢忘餐／废寝忘餐 忘餐失寢／忘餐失寝 忘餐廢寢／忘餐废寝 握髮吐餐／握发吐餐 揮沐吐餐／挥沐吐餐 旋轉餐廳／旋转餐厅 早餐會／早餐会 會餐／会餐 (huìcān) 服氣餐霞／服气餐霞 棄餐／弃餐 水宿風餐／水宿风餐 渴飲飢餐／渴饮饥餐 營養午餐／营养午餐 狼餐虎嚥／狼餐虎咽 盤餐／盘餐 竊位素餐／窃位素餐 糲食粗餐／粝食粗餐 糲餐／粝餐 聖餐／圣餐 (shèngcān) 誤餐／误餐 誤餐費／误餐费

辭餐／辞餐 進餐／进餐 (jìncān) 鋇餐／钡餐 (bèicān) 雨宿風餐／雨宿风餐 雨沐風餐／雨沐风餐 雨臥風餐／雨卧风餐 露宿風餐／露宿风餐 露餐風宿／露餐风宿 風宿水餐／风宿水餐 風餐／风餐 (fēngcān) 風餐水宿／风餐水宿 風餐水棲／风餐水栖 風餐雨宿／风餐雨宿 風餐露宿／风餐露宿 (fēngcānlùsù) 飢餐渴飲／饥餐渴饮 飫餐／饫餐 飲露餐風／饮露餐风 飲風餐露／饮风餐露 飽餐／饱餐 (bǎocān) 餐劇／餐剧 餐勝／餐胜 餐廳／餐厅 (cāntīng, “restaurant”) 餐廳秀／餐厅秀 餐會／餐会 餐松飲澗／餐松饮涧 餐氈／餐毡 餐氈使／餐毡使 餐氈蘇／餐毡苏 餐葩飲露／餐葩饮露 餐衛／餐卫 餐車／餐车 (cānchē) 餐錢／餐钱 餐雲臥石／餐云卧石 餐霞飲景／餐霞饮景 餐霞飲液／餐霞饮液 餐霞飲瀣／餐霞饮瀣 餐風／餐风 餐風吸露／餐风吸露 餐風咽露／餐风咽露 餐風嚙雪／餐风啮雪 餐風宿水／餐风宿水 餐風宿草／餐风宿草 餐風宿雨／餐风宿雨 餐風宿露／餐风宿露 (cānfēngsùlù) 餐風沐雨／餐风沐雨 餐風茹雪／餐风茹雪 餐風露宿／餐风露宿 餐風飲露／餐风饮露 餐飯／餐饭 餐飲／餐饮 (cānyǐn) 餐餌／餐饵 餐館／餐馆 (cānguǎn, “restaurant”) 餐魚／餐鱼 餐鴿／餐鸽 餐點／餐点 (cāndiǎn) 饑餐渴飲／饥餐渴饮 齧雪餐氈／啮雪餐毡

References

• “餐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04601

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Japanese

Kanji

餐

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: さん (san)
• Kan-on: さん (san)
• Kun: たべもの (tabemono, 餐); くう (kuu, 餐う)

Compounds

Compounds

• 加餐(かさん) (kasan)
• 午餐(ごさん) (gosan)
• 正餐(せいさん) (seisan): dinner
• 晩餐(ばんさん) (bansan)

Kanji in this term
餐
さん Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• IPA^(key): [sã̠ɴ]

Noun

餐(さん) • (san) 

1. eating and drinking

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Korean

Hanja

餐 • (chan, son) (hangeul 찬, 손, revised chan, son, McCune–Reischauer ch'an, son, Yale chan, son)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

餐: Hán Nôm readings: xun, san, xan

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.