飲酒

飲酒

Chinese

		drink	alcoholic drink
trad. (飲酒)		飲	酒
simp. (饮酒)		饮	酒

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǐnjiǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˇ ㄐㄧㄡˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): jam² zau²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngim² diu²

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yím-chiú

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǐnjiǔ [Phonetic: yínjiǔ]
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˇ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǐnjiǒu
    • Wade–Giles: yin³-chiu³
    • Yale: yǐn-jyǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiinjeou
    • Palladius: иньцзю (inʹczju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕjoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jam² zau²
    • Yale: yám jáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jam² dzau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yem² zeo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐm³⁵ t͡sɐu̯³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ngim² diu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡim⁵⁵ tiu⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yím-chiú
    • Hakka Romanization System: im` jiu`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yim³ jiu³
    • Sinological IPA: /im³¹ t͡ɕi̯u³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yím-chiú
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)im` jiu`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yim³ jiu³
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)im³¹ t͡ɕi̯u³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʔˠiɪm^X  t͡sɨu^X/

Rime
Character	飲	酒
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於錦切	子酉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiɪmX/	/t͡sɨuX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚimX/	/t͡siuX/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiemX/	/t͡siəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjimX/	/t͡suwX/
Li Rong	/ʔjəmX/	/t͡siuX/
Wang Li	/ĭĕmX/	/t͡sĭəuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯əmX/	/t͡si̯ə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐn	jiǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jam2	zau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*q(r)[u]mʔ  tsuʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qrɯmʔ  ʔsluʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	飲	酒
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐn	jiǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔimX ›	‹ tsjuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*q(r)[u]mʔ/	/*tsuʔ/
English	drink (v.)	wine
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	飲	酒
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	6625	15554
Phonetic component	今	酉
Rime group	侵	幽
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	㱃	酒
Old Chinese	/*qrɯmʔ/	/*ʔsluʔ/
Notes	說文作酓欠

Verb

飲⫽酒 (verb-object)

1. (formal or dialectal) to drink an alcoholic beverage

   未成年飲酒／未成年饮酒  ―  wèichéngnián yǐnjiǔ  ―  underage drinking

   • 飲酒則歡樂，處喪則悲哀。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     饮酒则欢乐，处丧则悲哀。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Yǐnjiǔ zé huānyuè, chùsàng zé bēi'āi. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

Synonyms

edit

吃酒 (chījiǔ) (literary or dialectal) 啉酒 (Hakka, Min Nan)

喝酒 (hē jiǔ) 食酒 (Hakka, Min Nan)

Related terms

• 酒醉 (jiǔzuì)
• 酗酒 (xùjiǔ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (飲酒):

• → Japanese: 飲酒(いんしゅ) (inshu)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
飲	酒
いん Grade: 3	しゅ Grade: 3
kan’on	goon

Alternative spelling
飮酒 (kyūjitai)

Appears to be a shift from older readings onju or onshu, swapping the older goon reading of on for 飲 for the newer kan'on reading of in.

First cited to the Taiheiki from the late 1300s.[1]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) いんしゅ [ìńshú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
• IPA^(key): [ĩɰ̃ɕɨᵝ]

Noun

飲(いん)酒(しゅ) • (inshu) 

1. drinking alcohol

   飲酒(いんしゅ)運転(うんてん)は犯罪(はんざい)です！

   Inshu unten wa hanzai desu!

   Drunk driving is a crime!

   (literally, “Drinking alcohol and driving is a crime!”)

Verb

飲(いん)酒(しゅ)する • (inshu suru) intransitive suru (stem 飲(いん)酒(しゅ)し (inshu shi), past 飲(いん)酒(しゅ)した (inshu shita))

1. to drink (consume alcoholic beverages)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "飲酒する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	飲酒し	いんしゅし	inshu shi
Continuative (連用形)	飲酒し	いんしゅし	inshu shi
Terminal (終止形)	飲酒する	いんしゅする	inshu suru
Attributive (連体形)	飲酒する	いんしゅする	inshu suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	飲酒すれ	いんしゅすれ	inshu sure
Imperative (命令形)	飲酒せよ¹ 飲酒しろ²	いんしゅせよ¹ いんしゅしろ²	inshu seyo¹ inshu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	飲酒される	いんしゅされる	inshu sareru
Causative	飲酒させる 飲酒さす	いんしゅさせる いんしゅさす	inshu saseru inshu sasu
Potential	飲酒できる	いんしゅできる	inshu dekiru
Volitional	飲酒しよう	いんしゅしよう	inshu shiyō
Negative	飲酒しない	いんしゅしない	inshu shinai
Negative continuative	飲酒せず	いんしゅせず	inshu sezu
Formal	飲酒します	いんしゅします	inshu shimasu
Perfective	飲酒した	いんしゅした	inshu shita
Conjunctive	飲酒して	いんしゅして	inshu shite
Hypothetical conditional	飲酒すれば	いんしゅすれば	inshu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
飲	酒
おん Grade: 3	しゅ > じゅ Grade: 3
goon

Alternative spelling
飮酒 (kyūjitai)

The earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese 飲酒 (MC ʔˠiɪm^X t͡sɨu^X), using the older goon reading of on for 酒. The shu changes to ju as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Occasionally found in older works with the unvoiced reading onshu.[1]

First cited to the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [õ̞n(d͡)ʑɨᵝ]

Noun

飲(おん)酒(じゅ) • (onju) 

1. (archaic) drinking alcohol

Usage notes

The onju reading does not appear on its own in modern usage, but it does appear in certain compounds.

Derived terms

• 飲(おん)酒(じゅ)戒(かい) (onjukai): a Buddhist admonition against the drinking of alcohol

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN