食物

食物

Chinese

		eat; food; to feed eat; food; to feed; animal feed	thing; object; matter
simp. and trad. (食物)		食	物
anagram		物食

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shíwù

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sik⁶ mat⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍t-vu̍t

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sed⁶ vud⁶

• Jin (Wiktionary): seh⁵ veh⁴
• Min Dong (BUC): sĭk-ŭk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): si̍t-bu̍t / chia̍h-mn̍gh / chia̍h-mi̍h

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziah⁸ muêh⁸

• Wu (Wiktionary): zeq veq (T5)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Pinyin: shíwù → shíwu (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄨˋ → ㄕˊ ˙ㄨ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shy.wuh
    • IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ u⁵¹/ → /ʂʐ̩³⁵ u³/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 什物 實務／实务 實物／实物 拾物 時務／时务 食物

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sik⁶ mat⁶
    • Yale: sihk maht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁹ mat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xig⁶ med⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚² mɐt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍t-vu̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: siid vud
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sid⁶ vud⁶
    • IPA: /sɨt̚⁵ vut̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sed⁶ vud⁶
    • IPA: /sət̚⁵ ʋut̚⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: seh⁵ veh⁴
    • IPA (old-style): /səʔ⁵⁴ vəʔ²/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭk-ŭk
    • IPA ^(key): /siʔ⁵⁻³³ uʔ⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t-bu̍t
    • Tâi-lô: si̍t-bu̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sidbut
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ but̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕit̚²⁴⁻²² but̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕit̚⁴⁻³² but̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chia̍h-mn̍gh
    • Tâi-lô: tsia̍h-mn̍gh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciaqmngh
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕia(ʔ)²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍ʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍ʔ⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chia̍h-mi̍h
    • Tâi-lô: tsia̍h-mi̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciaqmih
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mĩʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕia(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ mĩʔ¹²¹/

Note:

• si̍t-bu̍t - literary;
• chia̍h-mn̍gh/chia̍h-mi̍h - colloquial.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ziah⁸ muêh⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsia̍h mue̍h
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡siaʔ⁴⁻² mueʔ⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: zeq veq (T5)
    • IPA ^(key): /z̻əʔ¹¹ v̻əʔ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʑɨk̚  mɨut̚/▼

Rime
Character	食	物
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	船 (27)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	職 (134)	物 (60)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	乗力切	文弗切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑɨk̚/	/mɨut̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑɨk̚/	/miut̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑiek̚/	/miuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑik̚/	/mut̚/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiək̚/	/miuət̚/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭək̚/	/mĭuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯ək̚/	/mi̯uət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí	wù

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-lək  C.mut/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯɡ  mɯd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	食	物
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shí	wù
Middle Chinese	‹ zyik ›	‹ mjut ›
Old Chinese	/*mə-lək/	/*C.mut/
English	eat	thing
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	食	物
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	11477	13218
Phonetic component	食	勿
Rime group	職	物
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime		物
Old Chinese	/*ɦljɯɡ/	/*mɯd/

Noun

食物

1. food

Usage notes

There is no exact equivalent for English food in Chinese. The most generic term for food is 食物 (shíwù). Use 食品 (shípǐn) for food products, 菜餚／菜肴 (càiyáo) for dishes of food, 美食 (měishí) when the taste of the food is emphasised and 吃的 (chīde) in colloquial contexts. For food as in cuisine, consider 菜 (cài) or 料理 (liàolǐ).

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 食物 (“food”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		食物
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		食物
Mandarin	Beijing	食物
	Taiwan	食物
Cantonese	Guangzhou	食物
	Hong Kong	嘢食, 食物
Hakka	Meixian	食物
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	食物
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	食物
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	食物
	Dongshi (Dabu)	食物
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	食物
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	食物
Jin	Taiyuan	食物
Min Dong	Fuzhou	食其乇
Min Nan	Xiamen	食物, 物食, 食食
	Quanzhou	食物, 食食
	Zhangzhou	食物, 物食, 食食
	Taipei	食物, 物食
	Philippines (Manila)	食物

Derived terms

保護食物／保护食物 副食物 垃圾食物 (lājī shíwù) 太空食物 科技食物 食物中毒 (shíwù zhòngdú)

食物療法／食物疗法 食物網／食物网 (shíwùwǎng) 食物里程 (shíwù lǐchéng) 食物鏈／食物链 (shíwùliàn) 鹽漬食物／盐渍食物

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (食物):

• → Japanese: 食物 (しょくもつ) (shokumotsu)
• → Korean: 식물 (食物, singmul)

See also

• 食料 (shíliào)
• 食品 (shípǐn)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
食	物
しょく Grade: 2	もつ Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 食物 (zyik mjut, literally “eat + thing”). Possible alteration from strict goon reading jikimotsu, changing goon jiki for kan'on shoku.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) しょく​もつ [shòkúꜜmòtsù] (Nakadaka – [2])[1][2][3]
  • IPA^(key): [ɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝmo̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

食物 (hiragana しょくもつ, rōmaji shokumotsu)

1. food, foodstuff
2. (more broadly) food and drink

Synonyms

• 食品 (しょくひん) (shokuhin)
• 食 (た)べ物 (もの) (tabemono)

Derived terms

• 食物繊維 (しょくもつせんい) (shokumotsu sen'i): dietary fiber
• 食物連鎖 (しょくもつれんさ) (shokumotsu rensa): a food chain

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
食	物
じき Grade: 2	もつ Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 食物 (zyik mjut, literally “eat + thing”). Possible original reading.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
  • (Tokyo) じき​もつ [jìkíꜜmòtsù] (Nakadaka – [2])
  • IPA^(key): [d͡ʑikʲimo̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

食物 (hiragana じきもつ, rōmaji jikimotsu)

1. (rare) food, foodstuff

Usage notes

The shokumotsu reading is more common.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
食	物
しょく Grade: 2	ぶつ Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Chinese 食物. Possible reborrowing, or change influenced by later contact with China after borrowing of earlier goon reading jikimotsu.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • (Tokyo) しょく​ぶつ [shòkúꜜbùtsù] (Nakadaka – [2])
  • IPA^(key): [ɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝbɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

食物 (hiragana しょくぶつ, rōmaji shokubutsu)

1. (rare) food, foodstuff

Usage notes

The shokumotsu reading is more common. The shokubutsu reading is generally avoided, due to the potential for confusion with the more-common term 植物 (shokubutsu, “plant, plant life”).

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
食	物
た(べ) Grade: 2	もの Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Compound of 食べ (tabe, “stem noun form of verb 食べる (taberu, “to eat”): eating”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]

For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana べ in the middle as 食べ物.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) たべも​の [tàbémóꜜnò] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2][3]
  • (Tokyo) たべ​もの [tàbéꜜmònò] (Nakadaka – [2])[1][2][3]
  • IPA^(key): [ta̠be̞mo̞no̞]

Noun

食物 (hiragana たべもの, rōmaji tabemono)

1. 食べ物: food in general; a specific food; one's diet

   See 食べ物 for more detail.

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
食	物
く(い) Grade: 2	もの Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Compound of 食い (kui, “stem noun form of informal verb 食う (kuu, “to eat”): eating”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]

For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana い in the middle as 食い物.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) くいも​の [kùímóꜜnò] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][3][2]
  • (Tokyo) くいもの​ [kùímónóꜜ] (Odaka – [4])[2]
  • IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝimo̞no̞]

Noun

食物 (hiragana くいもの, rōmaji kuimono, historical hiragana くひもの)

1. 食い物: food; a sexual partner; a patsy, someone tricked into being used for someone else's gain

   See 食い物 for more detail.

Verb

食物する (hiragana くいものする, rōmaji kuimono suru, historical hiragana くひものする)

1. 食い物: to cook, to prepare food

   See 食い物 for more detail.

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
食	物
く(らい) Grade: 2	もの Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Compound of 食らい (kurai, “stem noun form of informal verb 食らう (kurau, “to eat, to drink”): eating, drinking”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]

For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana らい in the middle as 食らい物.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠imo̞no̞]

Noun

食物 (hiragana くらいもの, rōmaji kuraimono, historical hiragana くらひもの)

1. (rare, possibly obsolete) 食らい物: food and beverage

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
食	物
は(み) Grade: 2	もの Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Compound of 食み (hami, “stem noun form of verb 食む (hamu, “to chew; to eat; to suck down; to incur a loss”): eating”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]

For disambiguation, this is written with the okurigana み in the middle as 食み物.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [ha̠mʲimo̞no̞]

Noun

食物 (hiragana はみもの, rōmaji hamimono)

1. (rare, possibly obsolete) 食み物: food; more specifically, fodder or feed for animals

Synonyms

• (fodder, animal food): 餌 (えさ) (esa)

Etymology 8

Kanji in this term
食	物
お(し) Grade: 2	もの Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Compound of 食し (oshi, “stem noun form of honorific verb 食す (osu, “to eat, to drink”, honorific): eating, drinking”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).[4]

For disambiguation, this is written with the okurigana し in the middle as 食し物.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [o̞ɕimo̞no̞]

Noun

食物 (hiragana おしもの, rōmaji oshimono, historical hiragana をしもの)

1. (rare, possibly obsolete, formal honorific) 食し物: (rare) food and beverage

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
4. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan