飛ぶ
Japanese
Alternative forms
- 跳ぶ
- 翔ぶ
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 飛 |
| と Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *tənpu. Cognate with Okinawan 飛ぶん (tubun).
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) とぶ [tòbú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
- IPA(key): [to̞bɯ̟ᵝ]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "飛ぶ"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 飛ぶ | とぶ | [tòbú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 飛べ | とべ | [tòbé] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 飛ばれる | とばれる | [tòbárérú] |
| Causative | 飛ばせる | とばせる | [tòbásérú] |
| Potential | 飛べる | とべる | [tòbérú] |
| Volitional | 飛ぼう | とぼー | [tòbóꜜò] |
| Negative | 飛ばない | とばない | [tòbánáí] |
| Negative perfective | 飛ばなかった | とばなかった | [tòbánáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 飛びます | とびます | [tòbímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 飛んだ | とんだ | [tòńdá] |
| Conjunctive | 飛んで | とんで | [tòńdé] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 飛べば | とべば | [tòbéꜜbà] |
Verb
飛ぶ • (tobu) godan (stem 飛び (tobi), past 飛んだ (tonda))
- to fly
- to jump
- to go quickly
- to splash, splatter
Usage notes
This spelling of tobu usually denotes flying rather than jumping, as opposed to 跳ぶ which is reserved for the latter.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "飛ぶ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 飛ば | とば | toba |
| Continuative (連用形) | 飛び | とび | tobi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 飛ぶ | とぶ | tobu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 飛ぶ | とぶ | tobu |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 飛べ | とべ | tobe |
| Imperative (命令形) | 飛べ | とべ | tobe |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 飛ばれる | とばれる | tobareru |
| Causative | 飛ばせる 飛ばす | とばせる とばす | tobaseru tobasu |
| Potential | 飛べる | とべる | toberu |
| Volitional | 飛ぼう | とぼう | tobō |
| Negative | 飛ばない | とばない | tobanai |
| Negative continuative | 飛ばず | とばず | tobazu |
| Formal | 飛びます | とびます | tobimasu |
| Perfective | 飛んだ | とんだ | tonda |
| Conjunctive | 飛んで | とんで | tonde |
| Hypothetical conditional | 飛べば | とべば | tobeba |
Related terms
- 飛び移る (tobiutsuru)
- 首が飛ぶ (kubi ga tobu): to decapitate, to fire an employee
References
- “飛・跳”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.