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单词 飛び越える
释义

飛び越える

Japanese

Kanji in this term

Grade: 4

Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

/tobikoju/(grammatical shift) /tobikojeru//tobikoeru/

From Old Japanese.

Compound of 飛び (tobi, jumping, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 飛ぶ (tobu, to jump; to fly)) + 超ゆ (koyu, to go across, earlier form of modern 超える (koeru, to go acoss)).[1]

The 下二段 (shimo nidan, lower bigrade) verb koyu changed to the modern koeru via regular historical processes during roughly the Muromachi period.

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) びこえ [tòbíkóéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [4])[2]
    • IPA(key): [to̞bʲiko̞e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "飛び越える"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
飛び越えるびこえ[tòbíkóéꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形)飛び越えよびこえ[tòbíkóéꜜyò]
Key constructions
Passive飛び越えられるびこえられ[tòbíkóéráréꜜrù]
Causative飛び越えさせるびこえさせ[tòbíkóésáséꜜrù]
Potential飛び越えられるびこえられ[tòbíkóéráréꜜrù]
Volitional飛び越えようびこえよ[tòbíkóéyóꜜò]
Negative飛び越えないびこえない[tòbíkóéꜜnàì]
Negative perfective飛び越えなかったびこえなかった[tòbíkóéꜜnàkàttà]
Formal飛び越えますびこえま[tòbíkóémáꜜsù]
Perfective飛び越えたびこえた[tòbíkóꜜètà]
Conjunctive飛び越えてびこえて[tòbíkóꜜètè]
Hypothetical conditional飛び越えればびこえれば[tòbíkóéꜜrèbà]

Verb

()()える (tobikoeru) intransitive ichidan (stem ()() (tobikoe), past ()()えた (tobikoeta))

  1. to jump (over)
    (うま)(さく)()()えました
    Uma ga saku o tobikoemashita.
    The horse cleared the fence.

Conjugation

See also

  • ()() (tobikomu): to jump into

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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