風車

風車

See also: 风车

Chinese

		wind; news; style wind; news; style; custom; manner	vehicle on land; car; machine vehicle on land; car; machine; to shape with a lathe
trad. (風車)		風	車
simp. (风车)		风	车

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fēngchē

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄥ ㄔㄜ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fung¹ ce¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fûng-chhâ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fung¹ ca¹

• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hong-chhia / hoang-chhia

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huang¹ cia¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): fon tsho (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fēngchē
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄥ ㄔㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fongche
    • Wade–Giles: fêng¹-chʻê¹
    • Yale: fēng-chē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fengche
    • Palladius: фэнчэ (fɛnčɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: fung¹ ce¹
    • Yale: fūng chē
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fung¹ tse¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fung¹ cé¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûng-chhâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: fung´ ca´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fung¹ ca¹
    • Sinological IPA: /fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰa²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fung¹ ca¹
    • Sinological IPA: /fʊŋ⁴⁴ t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Tong'an, Hui'an, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-chhia
    • Tâi-lô: hong-tshia
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hongchiaf
    • IPA (Xiamen, Tong'an, Singapore): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡ɕʰia⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡ɕʰia⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Hui'an): /hɔŋ³³ t͡ɕʰia³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoang-chhia
    • Tâi-lô: huang-tshia
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoangchiaf
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /huaŋ³³ t͡ɕʰia³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huang¹ cia¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang tshia
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰia³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: fon tsho (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰo²¹/

Noun

風車

1. windmill
2. winnower
3. pinwheel
4. (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) automobile; motor car; sedan

   • 要去風車著放定，問恁阿嫂要坨行？ [Hokkien, trad.]
     要去风车着放定，问恁阿嫂要坨行？ [Hokkien, simp.]

     From: 2003, performed by 赖英凤, 〈一支雨伞圆辚辚〉, in 周长楫 and 周清海, 《新加坡闽南话俗语歌谣选》, page 266

     Beh khì hong-chhia tio̍h pàng-tiāⁿ, mn̄g lín a-só beh tôa kiâⁿ? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     If you want to go, the car needs to be parked right, and ask your sister-in-law where to go.

5. (Medan Hokkien) bicycle

Synonyms

• (windmill): (Min Nan) 蟧蜈車／𮔚蜈车
• (automobile):

Dialectal synonyms of 汽車 (“car, motor vehicle”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		汽車
Mandarin	Beijing	汽車
	Taiwan	汽車
	Xianxian (Xiaoying)	汽車
	Jinan	汽車
	Xi'an	汽車
	Wuhan	汽車
	Chengdu	汽車
	Guilin	汽車
	Pingle	汽車
	Luzhai	汽車
	Nanning (Wuming)	汽車
	Binyang (Nanjie)	汽車
	Yizhou	汽車
	Luocheng (Dongmen)	汽車
	Tianlin (Langping)	汽車
	Yangzhou	汽車
	Hefei	汽車
	Malaysia	車
	Singapore	汽車, 車
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	汽車, 馬什乃
	Dagudi (Maliba)	汽車
	Reshuitang (Longling)	汽車
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	汽車
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	汽車
Cantonese	Guangzhou	汽車, 車
	Hong Kong	汽車, 車
	Taishan	汽車
	Yangjiang	汽車
	Guiping (Jintian)	汽車
	Guiping (Jiangkou)	汽車
	Guiping (Madong)	汽車
	Qinzhou	汽車
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	汽車
	Beihai	汽車
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	汽車
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	汽車
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	汽車
	Singapore (Guangfu)	車
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	汽車
	Móng Cái	汽車
Gan	Nanchang	汽車
Hakka	Meixian	汽車
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	汽車, 自動車
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	汽車, 自動車
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	汽車, 自動車
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	汽車, 自動車
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	汽車, 自動車
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	汽車, 自動車
	Kuching (Hepo)	車
Jin	Taiyuan	汽車
Min Bei	Jian'ou	汽車
Min Dong	Fuzhou	汽車
Min Nan	Xiamen	汽車, 風車, 大車, 電車 dated
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	風車
	Quanzhou	汽車, 風車, 大車
	Zhangzhou	汽車, 大車, 電車 dated
	Zhao'an	汽車, 風車
	Taipei	自動車
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	自動車
	Kaohsiung	自動車, 動車
	Yilan	自動車
	Changhua (Lukang)	自動車
	Taichung	汽車, 自動車
	Tainan	自動車
	Hsinchu	自動車
	Kinmen	汽車
	Penghu (Magong)	自動車, 汽車
	Penang (Hokkien)	車
	Singapore (Hokkien)	車, 風車
	Manila (Hokkien)	車, 風車
	Guilin (Biyange)	汽車
	Chaozhou	汽車, 羅里
	Shantou	羅里
	Shantou (Chenghai)	羅里
	Jieyang	羅里
	Singapore (Teochew)	車, 風車
	Pontianak (Teochew)	羅里
	Singapore (Hainanese)	車
Puxian Min	Xianyou	汽車
Min Zhong	Yanping (Wangtai)	汽車
Southern Pinghua	Binyang	汽車
Wu	Shanghai	汽車, 大眼睛
	Suzhou	汽車
	Wenzhou	汽車
Xiang	Changsha	汽車
	Shuangfeng	汽車

Derived terms

風車草／风车草

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Japanese

Etymology 1

風車 (fūsha, kazaguruma): a windmill.

Kanji in this term
風	車
ふう Grade: 2	しゃ Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 風車 (MC pɨuŋ t͡ɕʰia, “wind + wheel”).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) ふ​うしゃ [fúꜜùshà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2][3]
• (Tokyo) ふうしゃ [fùúshá] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3]
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝːɕa̠]

Noun

風(ふう)車(しゃ) • (fūsha) 

1. a windmill (structure)

Synonyms

• (windmill): ウィンドミル (windomiru) (rare)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 風(ふう)車(しゃ)小(ご)屋(や) (fūshagoya): a windmill shed
• 風(ふう)車(しゃ)草(そう) (fūshasō): alternate name for 茜 (akane), Rubia argyi, a kind of flowering madder

Etymology 2

風車 (kazaguruma): a pinwheel.

風車 (kazaguruma): the Clematis patens flower.

Kanji in this term
風	車
かざ Grade: 2	くるま > ぐるま Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Compound of 風 (kaza, “wind”, the older combining form) +‎ 車 (kuruma, “wheel”). The kuruma changes to guruma as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) かざぐ​るま [kàzágúꜜrùmà] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2][3]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠za̠ɡɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝma̠]

Noun

風(かざ)車(ぐるま) • (kazaguruma) 

1. a windmill (structure)
2. a pinwheel, a toy that spins in the wind

   ね、風(かぜ)が吹(ふ)いているよ、風(かざ)車(ぐるま)を回(まわ)そう。

   Ne, kaze ga fuite iru yo, kazaguruma o mawasō.

   Hey, the wind's blowing, let's spin pinwheels.

3. a crest in the shape of a windmill or pinwheel
4. (figurative) economic disadvantage, a difficult life
5. (shogi) the “windmill opening” in shogi
6. a kind of clematis flower, the Clematis patens

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カザグルマ.

Synonyms

• (windmill): ウィンドミル (windomiru) (rare)

See also

• 風(ふう)力(りょく)原(げん)動(どう)機(き) (fūryoku gendōki): wind power

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja in this term
風	車

Noun

風車 • (pungcha or McCune-Reischauer: p'ungch'a or Yale: phungcha) (hangeul 풍차)

1. Hanja form^? of 풍차 (“windmill”).