風気
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
風 | 気 |
かぜ Grade: 2 | け Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
風 | 気 |
かざ Grade: 2 | け Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 風 (kaza, “wind; a cold”) + 気 (ke, “feeling”).[1][2]
In modern usage, kazake and kazeke are found in free variation. Some Japanese resources list the relatively older kazake reading as the primary,[1][2] some list the kazeke reading as the primary,[3][4] and some list both without apparent prioritization.[5]
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) かざけ [kàzáké] (Heiban – [0])[2][3][5]
- IPA(key): [ka̠za̠ke̞]
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) かぜけ [kàzéké] (Heiban – [0])[2][3][5]
- IPA(key): [ka̠ze̞ke̞]
Adjective
風気 (-na inflection, hiragana かざけ, rōmaji kazake, alternative reading かぜけ, rōmaji kazeke)
- poorly, sickly, on the verge of catching a cold
- soon to be windy, seeming as if the wind is about to blow
Inflection
Inflection of 風気
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 風気だろ | かざけだろ | kazake daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 風気で | かざけで | kazake de |
Terminal (終止形) | 風気だ | かざけだ | kazake da |
Attributive (連体形) | 風気な | かざけな | kazake na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 風気なら | かざけなら | kazake nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 風気であれ | かざけであれ | kazake de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 風気ではない 風気じゃない | かざけではない かざけじゃない | kazake de wa nai kazake ja nai |
Informal past | 風気だった | かざけだった | kazake datta |
Informal negative past | 風気ではなかった 風気じゃなかった | かざけではなかった かざけじゃなかった | kazake de wa nakatta kazake ja nakatta |
Formal | 風気です | かざけです | kazake desu |
Formal negative | 風気ではありません 風気じゃありません | かざけではありません かざけじゃありません | kazake de wa arimasen kazake ja arimasen |
Formal past | 風気でした | かざけでした | kazake deshita |
Formal negative past | 風気ではありませんでした 風気じゃありませんでした | かざけではありませんでした かざけじゃありませんでした | kazake de wa arimasen deshita kazake ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 風気で | かざけで | kazake de |
Conditional | 風気なら(ば) | かざけなら(ば) | kazake nara (ba) |
Provisional | 風気だったら | かざけだったら | kazake dattara |
Volitional | 風気だろう | かざけだろう | kazake darō |
Adverbial | 風気に | かざけに | kazake ni |
Degree | 風気さ | かざけさ | kazakesa |
Noun
風気 (hiragana かざけ, rōmaji kazake, alternative reading かぜけ, rōmaji kazeke)
- a feeling like one is sick or about to catch cold
- the appearance or sense that the wind is just about to blow, a feeling of impending windiness
Noun
風気 (hiragana かざけ, rōmaji kazake, alternative reading かぜけ, rōmaji kazeke)
- a feeling like one is sick or about to catch cold
- the appearance or sense that the wind is just about to blow, a feeling of impending windiness
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
風 | 気 |
ふう Grade: 2 | き Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 風氣 (MC pɨuŋ kʰɨiH).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi
- (Tokyo) ふうき [fúꜜùkì] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
- IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝːkʲi]
Noun
風気 (hiragana ふうき, rōmaji fūki)
- the wind, air currents
- Synonym: 風 (kaze) (wind)
- the climate or weather of an area
- Synonyms: 天気 (tenki) (weather), 気候 (kikō) (climate)
- common manners and customs
- Synonym: 風俗 (fūzoku)
- a cold, an illness
- Synonym: 風邪 (kaze)
- an easygoing or even-tempered disposition
- flatus, gas; gaseous bloating
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN