額
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Translingual
Han character
額 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+9, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十口一月金 (JRMBC), four-corner 31686, composition ⿰客頁)
Derived characters
- 𡅅 𣌔 𥗳
Descendants
- 额
References
- KangXi: page 1406, character 40
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43586
- Dae Jaweon: page 1924, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4384, character 4
- Unihan data for U+984D
Chinese
trad. | 額 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 额 | |
alternative forms | 頟/额 |
Glyph origin
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
髂 | *kʰraːɡs |
路 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
輅 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
賂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
虂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
露 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
潞 | *raːɡs |
鷺 | *raːɡs |
璐 | *raːɡs |
簬 | *raːɡs |
簵 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
洛 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
駱 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
絡 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
酪 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
烙 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
雒 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
珞 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
硌 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
袼 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ |
笿 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
鉻 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
鮥 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
鵅 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
挌 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
落 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
各 | *klaːɡ |
胳 | *klaːɡ |
閣 | *klaːɡ |
格 | *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ |
擱 | *klaːɡ |
恪 | *kʰlaːɡ |
愙 | *kʰaːɡ |
貉 | *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ |
狢 | *ɡlaːɡ |
佫 | *ɡlaːɡ |
略 | *ɡ·raɡ |
茖 | *kraːɡ |
骼 | *kraːɡ |
觡 | *kraːɡ |
蛒 | *kraːɡ |
敋 | *kraːɡ |
客 | *kʰraːɡ |
喀 | *kʰraːɡ |
揢 | *kʰraːɡ |
額 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
峉 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
頟 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
詻 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
垎 | *ɡraːɡ |
楁 | *ɡraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋɡraːɡ) : phonetic 客 (OC *kʰraːɡ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋa-k (“forehead; cockscomb”).
This word is only attested during Han and later. Wang (1982) suggested that it is cognate with 顏 (OC *ŋraːn, “face”), whereas Schuessler (2007) considers it a semantic extension of 詻 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “to face”).
The relationship to Proto-Mon-Khmer *[t₁]ʔah (“forehead”), whence Khmer ថ្ងាស (thngaah), is unclear.
Pronunciation
Definitions
額
- (anatomy) forehead
- top part
- horizontal inscribed board; tablet; plaque
- amount; quantity; number
- a surname
Synonyms
- (forehead):
Variety | Location | Words edit |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 額, 顙, 顱 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 前額, 額頭, 額門, 眉宇 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 腦門兒, 腦門子, 頁勒蓋兒 |
Taiwan | 額頭 | |
Ulanhot | 奔兒嘍, 奔兒嘍頭 | |
Tongliao | 奔兒嘍, 奔兒嘍頭 | |
Chifeng | 腦門兒 | |
Bayanhot | 天門 | |
Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 額頭 | |
Harbin | 腦門子, 腦門兒 | |
Shenyang | 腦門子, 腦門兒 | |
Yantai (Muping) | 額楞蓋 | |
Jinan | 額拉蓋兒 | |
Luoyang | 額樓, 額樓頭, 額門蓋兒 | |
Wanrong | 額頭 | |
Wanrong (Ronghe) | 腦門子 | |
Zhengzhou | 囟門頭 | |
Xi'an | 額顱 | |
Yinchuan | 腦門子 | |
Lanzhou | 崩樓 | |
Xining | 額目頭 | |
Ürümqi | 崩樓 | |
Ürümqi (Xigou) | 奔顱, 天門蓋 | |
Ürümqi (Changshanzi) | 額頭 | |
Wuhan | 額殼 | |
Huanggang | 腦殼 | |
Chengdu | 額顱 | |
Guiyang | 額頭 | |
Kunming | 腦門 | |
Guilin | 額頭 | |
Liuzhou | 額頭 | |
Xuzhou | 額頭子, 腦門子 | |
Yangzhou | 額頭 | |
Xinghua | 額頭 | |
Nanjing | 額腦殼 | |
Hefei | 額腦頭 | |
Singapore | 額頭 | |
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 奔顱, 腦門子 | |
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 額顱 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 額頭 |
Hong Kong | 額頭 | |
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 額, 額頭 | |
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 前額 | |
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 額頭 | |
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 額頭 | |
Macau | 額頭 | |
Guangzhou (Panyu) | 額頭 | |
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 額頭 | |
Guangzhou (Conghua) | 額頭 | |
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 白額, 額頭 | |
Foshan | 額頭 | |
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 額頭 | |
Foshan (Shunde) | 額頭 | |
Foshan (Sanshui) | 額頭 | |
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 前額 | |
Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 額頭 | |
Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 額頭 | |
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 額頭 | |
Zhuhai (Doumen) | 額頭 | |
Jiangmen (Baisha) | 眉頭 | |
Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 額頭 | |
Taishan | 眉頭 | |
Kaiping (Chikan) | 眉頭 | |
Enping (Niujiang) | 眉頭 | |
Heshan (Yayao) | 前額 | |
Dongguan | 額 | |
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 額 | |
Shaoguan | 額頭 | |
Yunfu | 前額 | |
Yangjiang | 額頭 | |
Xinyi | 額頭 | |
Lianjiang | 額頭 | |
Nanning | 額頭 | |
Wuzhou | 額頭 | |
Yulin | 額頭 | |
Hepu (Lianzhou) | 額頭, 天庭 | |
Danzhou | 額 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 額頭 | |
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 額頭 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 天門 |
Lichuan | 額角, 額 | |
Pingxiang | 額殼 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 額角 |
Xingning | 額角 | |
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 額門 | |
Huidong (Daling) | 額角, 額門 | |
Dongguan (Qingxi) | 額囟頭 | |
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 額囟頭 | |
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 額囟頭 | |
Wuhua (Huacheng) | 額門 | |
Heyuan (Bendihua) | 額門 | |
Wengyuan | 額頭 | |
Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 額角 | |
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 額門 | |
Liannan | 額門頭 | |
Conghua (Lütian) | 前額 | |
Jiexi | 額角 | |
Luhe | 額門頭 | |
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 額頭 | |
Changting | 額角, 額頭 | |
Wuping | 額頭, 額門 | |
Wuping (Yanqian) | 額門 | |
Wuping (Pingyu) | 額角 | |
Liancheng | 額角 | |
Ninghua | 額早, 額角 | |
Yudu | 額頭, 天門 | |
Ningdu | 額 | |
Ruijin | 額膛 | |
Shicheng | 額角, 額 | |
Shangyou (Shexi) | 額門 | |
Tonggu (Sandu) | 額門 | |
Ganzhou (Panlong) | 天門 | |
Dayu | 額頭 | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 額頭 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 額頭 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 額頭 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 額頭 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 額頭 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 額頭 | |
Hong Kong | 額門頭 | |
Yangxi (Tangkou) | 額角 | |
Yangchun (Sanjia) | 額頭 | |
Xinyi (Sihe) | 額頭 | |
Xinyi (Qianpai) | 額頭 | |
Gaozhou (Xindong) | 額頭 | |
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 額角 | |
Huazhou (Xin'an) | 額堂 | |
Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 額頭 | |
Lianjiang (Qingping) | 額頭 | |
Mengshan (Xihe) | 額頭 | |
Luchuan | 額頭 | |
Luchuan (Daqiao) | 額頭殼 | |
Senai (Huiyang) | 額門頭 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 花額, 牛頭前 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 崩兒顱, 崩頭, 前崩顱 |
Pingyao | 奔頭 | |
Xinzhou | 眉靈闊 | |
Taibus (Baochang) | 腦門 | |
Linhe | 崩臚 | |
Jining | 眉頭, 眉棱骨 | |
Hohhot | 眉棱骨 | |
Baotou | 眉頭, 眉棱骨 | |
Dongsheng | 額 | |
Haibowan | 崩臚 | |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 額頭 |
Jian'ou (Dikou) | 頭囟 | |
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 額頭 | |
Pucheng (Shibei) | 額頭 | |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 額頭 |
Fuqing | 額, 頭額 | |
Fu'an | 額頭舷 | |
Ningde | 頭額頭 | |
Matsu | 額頭 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 頭額, 天平, 額𩉍, 眉額, 前擴 |
Quanzhou | 頭額, 天平, 前擴 | |
Jinjiang | 頭額 | |
Yongchun | 頭額 | |
Zhangzhou | 頭額, 天平, 額𩉍, 天額, 前擴 | |
Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 額𩉍 | |
Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 額𩉍 | |
Zhangpu | 額𩉍 | |
Zhao'an | 頭額 | |
Taipei | 頭額 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 頭額 | |
Kaohsiung | 頭殼額仔 | |
Yilan | 頭額 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 天平 | |
Taichung | 頭額, 額頭 | |
Tainan | 頭額 | |
Hsinchu | 頭額 | |
Kinmen | 額, 頭額 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 頭額 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 額, 頭額 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 頭額 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 頭額 | |
Zhangping | 額頭 | |
Zhangping (Yongfu) | 額頭 | |
Datian | 頭額 | |
Pingnan (Shangdu) | 額頭 | |
Chaozhou | 額門神 | |
Shantou | 額頭, 額門神 | |
Shantou (Chenghai) | 額頭, 額門神 | |
Jieyang | 額, 額門神 | |
Haifeng | 前枕 | |
Bangkok (Teochew) | 額頭 | |
Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 額 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 額囟, 額門神 | |
Leizhou | 頭額 | |
Wenchang | 頭額, 囟額 | |
Haikou | 頭額 | |
Puxian Min | Putian | 額頭前 |
Xianyou | 額頭 | |
Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 額頭 |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 額前頭, 額頭 |
Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 額頭 |
Wu | Shanghai | 額角頭 |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 額骨頭 | |
Suzhou | 額角頭 | |
Wuxi | 額角頭 | |
Danyang | 額角頭, 額頭 | |
Hangzhou | 額骨頭, 額角頭 | |
Ningbo | 腦殼頭, 額角頭 | |
Wenzhou | 額頭, 門前額 | |
Jinhua | 頭角, 額骨頭, 額角頭 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 額殼, 額角, 額頭 |
Loudi | 額頭 | |
Shuangfeng | 額頭 | |
Quanzhou | 額頭 |
- (top part): 頂部/顶部 (dǐngbù)
- (horizontal inscribed board):
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- (amount): 數目/数目 (shùmù)
Compounds
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Pronunciation
Definitions
額
- (Shanghainese Wu) Alternative form of 個/个 (“possessive particle”).
Usage notes
- This is a Mandarin influenced form of the character often used in Shanghainese. Due to 個’s expected pronunciation starting with /k/, it is often mistakenly analysed to be unrelated to this sense.
- This cannot be used in other Northern Wu languages, such as Suzhounese, due to their retention of the /k/ initial.
References
- “額”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Pronunciation
Definitions
額
- Alternative form of 呃 (è, “an interjection said when hesitating in speech”).
Japanese
Kanji
(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)
- forehead
- amount
- frame
Readings
- Go-on: ぎゃく (gyaku)
- Kan-on: がく (gaku, Jōyō)
- Kun: ひたい (hitai, 額, Jōyō); ぬか (nuka, 額)
Compounds
- 猫額 (byōgaku): cat's forehead, tininess as that of a cat's forehead
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
額 |
ひたい Grade: 5 |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 額 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 額, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
額 |
がく Grade: 5 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 額 (MC ŋˠæk̚).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) がく [gàkú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) がく [gàkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
- IPA(key): [ɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]
Noun
額 • (gaku)
- framed picture
- sum, amount
Derived terms
- 額銘 (gakumei): (swords) an inscription where a blade is shortened and a rectangular metal piece bearing the original inscription is cut out from the removed portion and embedded in the new tang
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
額 |
ぬか Grade: 5 |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 額 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 額, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 額 (MC ŋˠæk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆡᆨ (oyk) (Yale: oyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɛk̚] ~ [e̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [액/엑]
Hanja
Wikisource額 (eumhun 이마 액 (ima aek))
- Hanja form? of 액 (“forehead”).
- Hanja form? of 액 (“amount”).
Compounds
- 금액 (金額, geumaek)
- 총액 (總額, chong'aek)
- 액수 (額數, aeksu)
- 거액 (巨額, geoaek)
- 소액 (少額, soaek)
- 고액 (高額, goaek)
- 액자 (額子, aekja)
- 세액 (稅額, seaek)
- 액면 (額面, aengmyeon)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
額: Hán Nôm readings: ngạch, nghệch, nghách, nghạch
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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