鞄

鞄

鞄 U+9784, 鞄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9784 ← 鞃 [U+9783] CJK Unified Ideographs 鞅 → [U+9785]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

鞄 (Kangxi radical 177, 革+5, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿十心口山 (TJPRU), four-corner 4751₂, composition ⿰革包)

References

• KangXi: page 1386, character 38
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42781
• Dae Jaweon: page 1901, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4331, character 12
• Unihan data for U+9784

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		鞄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鞄
Spring and Autumn	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
袍	*buː
袌	*buː, *buːs
軳	*buː
抱	*buːʔ
勽	*buːs, *mɯnʔ
菢	*buːs
勹	*pruː
包	*pruː
胞	*pruː, *pʰruː
苞	*pruː
枹	*pruː, *bu, *bu
飽	*pruːʔ
泡	*pʰruː, *m̥ʰruːs, *bruː
炮	*pʰruːs, *bruː
皰	*pʰruːs, *bruːs
疱	*pʰruːs, *bruːs
跑	*bruː, *bruːɡ
咆	*bruː
庖	*bruː
匏	*bruː
刨	*bruː
狍	*bruː
炰	*bruː
鉋	*bruː, *bruːs
瓟	*bruː, *bruːɡ
颮	*bruː, *pʰruːɡ
鞄	*bruː, *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *pʰruːɡ
鮑	*bruːʔ
骲	*bruːʔ, *bruːs, *bruːɡ, *pʰoːɡ
玸	*bu
雹	*bruːɡ
窇	*bruːɡ

革 (“leather”) + 包.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): páo (pao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): paai⁴
• Min Nan (POJ): phauh

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: páo
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: páo
    • Wade–Giles: pʻao²
    • Yale: páu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: paur
    • Palladius: пао (pao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: paai⁴
    • Yale: pàaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: paai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: pai⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːi̯²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phauh
    • Tâi-lô: phauh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phauq
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰauʔ³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰauʔ⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰauʔ³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰauʔ³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰauʔ³²/

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• Middle Chinese: /bˠau/, /bˠau^X/, /bˠau^H/, /pʰˠʌk̚/

Rime
Character	鞄	鞄	鞄	鞄
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	並 (3)	並 (3)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	肴 (90)	肴 (90)	江 (10)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II	II	II
Fanqie	薄交切	薄巧切	防敎切	匹角切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠau/	/bˠauX/	/bˠauH/	/pʰˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚau/	/bᵚauX/	/bᵚauH/	/pʰᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/bau/	/bauX/	/bauH/	/pʰɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/baɨw/	/baɨwX/	/baɨwH/	/pʰaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/bau/	/bauX/	/bauH/	/pʰɔk̚/
Wang Li	/bau/	/bauX/	/bauH/	/pʰɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱau/	/bʱauX/	/bʱauH/	/pʰɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	páo	bào	bào	po
Expected Cantonese Reflex	paau4	baau6	baau6	pok3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*bruː/, /*bruːʔ/, /*bruːs/, /*pʰruːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鞄	鞄	鞄	鞄
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
No.	295	299	302	309
Phonetic component	勹	勹	勹	勹
Rime group	幽	幽	幽	覺
Rime subdivision	1	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	庖	鮑	靤	璞
Old Chinese	/*bruː/	/*bruːʔ/	/*bruːs/	/*pʰruːɡ/

Definitions

鞄

1. to work hides
2. leather bag

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Japanese

Kanji

鞄

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

• Go-on: びょう (byō)^{←べう (beu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ほう (hō)^{←はう (fau, historical)}
• Kun: かばん (kaban, 鞄)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
鞄
かばん Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Possibly derived from Chinese 夾板 or 夾槾 (“boards for pressing or holding things together”),[1][2] modern Min Nan reading kiap-pán.

The original meaning of the kanji 鞄 referred to tanned leather or a tanner who produces such material. The kun'yomi kaban only appears from the Meiji period (1868­–1912).[2]

First attested with the reading kaban to a work from 1877.[2] Over the period of roughly 1877–1887, this word kaban grew in popularity and displaced the previous term 胴乱 (dōran, “satchel”).[2][3]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かばん [kàbáń] (Heiban – [0])[1][4]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠bã̠ɴ]

Noun

鞄(かばん) • (kaban) 

1. [from 1877] bag, satchel, briefcase, handbag (often made of leather or canvas)

   Synonym: (archaic) 胴乱 (dōran)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 折(お)り鞄(かばん) (orikaban, “briefcase, portfolio”)
• 鞄語(かばんご) (kabango, “(linguistics) portmanteau word”)
• 鞄持(かばんも)ち (kabanmochi, “luggage carrier; private secretary”)
• 提(さ)げ鞄(かばん) (sagekaban, “handbag, purse”)
• 支那鞄(しなかばん) (shinakaban, “Chinese chest”)
• 通学鞄(つうがくかばん) (tsūgakukaban, “schoolbag”)
• 手鞄(てかばん) (tekaban, “handbag, purse”)
• 手提(てさ)げ鞄(かばん) (tesagekaban, “handbag, purse”)

Descendants

• → Korean: 가방 (gabang)
• → Min Nan: kha-báng

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
3. “鞄”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja

鞄 (eum 포 (po))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

鞄: Hán Việt readings: bào, bạc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.