面
See also: 靣, 麵, 麫, and 麪
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Translingual
Traditional | 麵 |
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Shinjitai | 麺 |
Simplified | 面 |
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
面 (Kangxi radical 176, 面+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一田尸中 (MWSL) or 一田卜中 (MWYL), four-corner 10600, composition ⿱丆囬)
- Kangxi radical #176, ⾯.
Derived characters
- Appendix:Chinese radical/面
- 偭, 喕, 𭎹, 媔, 𢃮, 愐, 湎, 𤟯, 𨕂, 㮌, 𣮻, 𤚛, 𬍵, 腼, 𥈅, 糆, 緬(缅), 蝒, 𧩤, 𧼸, 𨉥, 䤄, 𩋠, 𫗖, 𫘏, 𩳾, 𩹠, 麵(麺)
- 勔, 𨜧, 𣮿, 𦫥, 𩔁, 𩤤, 𪓱, 𫏔, 𩈳, 𩉖, 蠠, 𠷰, 奤, 𦵀, 𮅥, 𡫍, 𬏶, 圙, 圗
References
- KangXi: page 1383, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42618
- Dae Jaweon: page 1896, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4398, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9762
Chinese
simp. and trad. | 面 | |
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2nd round simp. | 𫩑 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 面 | |
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Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (面) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Old Chinese | |
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蝒 | *men |
緬 | *menʔ |
湎 | *menʔ |
愐 | *menʔ |
偭 | *menʔ, *mens |
勔 | *menʔ |
面 | *mens |
麵 | *meːns |
Pictogram (象形) , A man’s face, with an eye exaggerated, derived from 𦣻.
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mjal (“face”); cognate with Mizo hmêl (“face”), Jingpho man (“face”). 偭 (OC *menʔ, “to turn; to violate”) is probably cognate (Wang, 1982), perhaps its endoactive (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Definitions
面
- (literary or dialectal) face (Classifier: 塊/块 c)
- 面帶笑容/面带笑容 ― miàn dài xiàoróng ― to have a smile on one's face
- 人心之不同,如其面焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Rénxīn zhī bùtóng, rú qí miàn yān. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- surface; top; face
- 水面 ― shuǐmiàn ― water surface
- 路面 ― lùmiàn ― road surface
- aspect; side; respect
- 全面 ― quánmiàn ― overall
- right side; cover; outside
- (geometry) face
- 長方體有六個面。/长方体有六个面。 ― Chángfāngtǐ yǒu liù ge miàn. ― A cuboid has six faces.
- (Cantonese, Singapore Hokkien) dignity; reputation; face
- 冇面 [Cantonese] ― mou5 min6-2 [Jyutping] ― to lose face; to be embarrassed
- to meet
- 面世 ― miànshì ― to come out (literally, “to meet the world”)
- 夫為人子者,出必告,反必面。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Fū wéi rénzǐ zhě, chū bì gào, fǎn bì miàn. [Pinyin]
- A son, when he is going abroad, must inform (his parents where he is going); when he returns, he must present himself before them.
夫为人子者,出必告,反必面。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- face-to-face
- 面談/面谈 ― miàntán ― to talk with someone face to face
- 面告 ― miàngào ― to inform face to face
- 群臣吏民,能面刺寡人之過者,受上賞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCE
- Qúnchén lìmín, néng miàncì guǎrén zhī guò zhě, shòu shàng shǎng. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this example)
群臣吏民,能面刺寡人之过者,受上赏。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to face
- 面壁 ― miànbì ― to face the wall
- 背山面水 ― bèi shān miàn shuǐ ― backing on to a mountain and facing a body of water
- suffix used to form a noun of locality
- 前面 ― qiánmiàn ― in front
- 上面 ― shàngmiàn ― higher place
- 西面 ― xīmiàn ― west
- Short for 面試/面试 (miànshì, “interview”).
- HR面 ― HRmiàn ― (please add an English translation of this example)
- Classifier for objects with a flat surface.
- 一面國旗/一面国旗 ― yī miàn guóqí ― a national flag
- 一面鼓 ― yī miàn gǔ ― a drum
- Classifier for numbers of times people meet each other.
- 我和他只見過一面。 [MSC, trad.]
- Wǒ hé tā zhǐ jiàn guò yī miàn. [Pinyin]
- I have only met him once.
我和他只见过一面。 [MSC, simp.]
Synonyms
- (face):
edit
Synonyms of 面
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Dialectal synonyms of 臉/脸 (“face”) [map]
Variety | Location | Words edit |
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Classical Chinese | 面, 顏/颜 countenance | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 臉/脸 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 臉兒/脸儿 |
Taiwan | 臉/脸 | |
Tianjin | 臉/脸 | |
Ulanhot | 臉蛋子/脸蛋子 | |
Tongliao | 臉蛋子/脸蛋子 | |
Chifeng | 臉/脸 | |
Bayanhot | 臉/脸 | |
Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 臉蛋子/脸蛋子 | |
Harbin | 臉/脸 | |
Yantai (Muping) | 臉/脸 | |
Jinan | 臉/脸 | |
Luoyang | 臉/脸 | |
Wanrong | 臉/脸 | |
Kaifeng | 臉/脸 | |
Xi'an | 臉/脸 | |
Yinchuan | 臉/脸 | |
Lanzhou | 臉/脸 | |
Xining | 臉/脸 | |
Ürümqi | 臉/脸 | |
Ürümqi (Xigou) | 臉/脸 | |
Ürümqi (Changshanzi) | 臉/脸 | |
Wuhan | 臉/脸 | |
Chengdu | 臉/脸, 盤子/盘子 | |
Chongqing | 臉/脸, 臉巴兒/脸巴儿 | |
Guiyang | 臉/脸 | |
Guilin | 臉/脸 | |
Liuzhou | 臉/脸 | |
Yizhou | 臉/脸, 臉盤/脸盘 | |
Luocheng (Dongmen) | 臉/脸 | |
Tianlin (Langping) | 臉包/脸包 | |
Xuzhou | 臉/脸, 臉兒/脸儿, 臉膛子/脸膛子 | |
Yangzhou | 臉/脸 | |
Xinghua | 臉/脸, 面孔 | |
Nanjing | 臉/脸 | |
Hefei | 臉/脸 | |
Malaysia | 臉/脸 | |
Singapore | 臉/脸 | |
Mae Salong (Lancang) | 臉/脸 | |
Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 臉/脸 | |
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 臉/脸 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 面 |
Hong Kong | 面 | |
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 面 | |
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 面 | |
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 面 | |
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 面 | |
Macau | 面 | |
Guangzhou (Panyu) | 面 | |
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 面 | |
Guangzhou (Conghua) | 面 | |
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 面 | |
Foshan | 面 | |
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 面 | |
Foshan (Shunde) | 面 | |
Foshan (Sanshui) | 面 | |
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 面 | |
Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 面 | |
Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 面 | |
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 面 | |
Zhuhai (Doumen) | 面 | |
Jiangmen (Baisha) | 面 | |
Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 面 | |
Taishan | 面 | |
Kaiping (Chikan) | 面 | |
Enping (Niujiang) | 面 | |
Heshan (Yayao) | 面 | |
Dongguan | 面 | |
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 面 | |
Qingyuan | 面 | |
Fogang | 面, 面頂/面顶 | |
Yingde (Hanguang) | 面 | |
Yangshan | 面 | |
Lianshan (Butian) | 面 | |
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 面 | |
Shaoguan | 面 | |
Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 面 | |
Renhua | 面 | |
Lechang | 面 | |
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 面 | |
Sihui | 面 | |
Guangning | 面 | |
Deqing | 面 | |
Huaiji | 面 | |
Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 面 | |
Yunfu | 面, 面口 | |
Xinxing | 面 | |
Luoding | 面 | |
Yunan (Pingtai) | 面 | |
Yangjiang | 面 | |
Xinyi | 面, 面子蛋 | |
Maoming (Xinpo) | 面 | |
Lianjiang | 面 | |
Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 面 | |
Nanning | 面 | |
Wuzhou | 面 | |
Yulin | 面 | |
Hepu (Lianzhou) | 面 | |
Guiping | 面 | |
Mengshan (Xihe) | 面 | |
Guigang (Nanjiang) | 面 | |
Beiliu (Tangliao) | 面 | |
Baise | 面 | |
Bobai | 面 | |
Lingshan | 面 | |
Pubei | 面 | |
Qinzhou | 面 | |
Beihai | 面 | |
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 面 | |
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 面 | |
Ningming | 面 | |
Hengxian | 面 | |
Hezhou (Pumen) | 面 | |
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 面 | |
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) | 面 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 面 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 面 | |
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 面 | |
Móng Cái | 面 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 臉/脸 |
Lichuan | 面 | |
Pingxiang | 面 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 面 |
Xingning | 面 | |
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 面鉢/面钵 | |
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) | 面 | |
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) | 面 | |
Huiyang | 面鉢/面钵 | |
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) | 面 | |
Huidong (Daling) | 面 | |
Dongguan (Qingxi) | 面鉢/面钵 | |
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) | 面 | |
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) | 面 | |
Boluo (Bendihua) | 面 | |
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 面鉢/面钵 | |
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 面鉢/面钵 | |
Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 面 | |
Wuhua (Huacheng) | 面 | |
Wuhua (Changbu) | 面 | |
Wuhua (Mianyang) | 面 | |
Heyuan (Bendihua) | 面 | |
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) | 面 | |
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) | 面 | |
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) | 面 | |
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) | 面 | |
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) | 面 | |
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) | 面 | |
Wengyuan | 面 | |
Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 面 | |
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) | 面 | |
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) | 面 | |
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 面 | |
Liannan | 面 | |
Conghua (Lütian) | 面 | |
Jiexi | 面 | |
Luhe | 面 | |
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 面 | |
Changting | 面 | |
Wuping | 面 | |
Wuping (Yanqian) | 面 | |
Wuping (Pingyu) | 面 | |
Liancheng | 面 | |
Ninghua | 面, 面嘴 | |
Yudu | 面盤/面盘 | |
Ningdu | 面 | |
Ruijin | 面 | |
Shicheng | 面 | |
Shangyou (Shexi) | 面 | |
Tonggu (Sandu) | 面 | |
Ganzhou (Panlong) | 面 | |
Dayu | 面 | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 面 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 面 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 面 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 面 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 面 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 面 | |
Hong Kong | 面, 面鉢/面钵 | |
Yangxi (Tangkou) | 面 | |
Yangchun (Sanjia) | 面 | |
Xinyi (Sihe) | 面 | |
Xinyi (Qianpai) | 面 | |
Gaozhou (Xindong) | 面 | |
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 面 | |
Huazhou (Xin'an) | 面 | |
Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 面 | |
Lianjiang (Qingping) | 面 | |
Hengxian (Xiaoyi) | 面 | |
Sabah (Bao'an) | 面 | |
Sabah (Longchuan) | 面 | |
Senai (Huiyang) | 面鉢/面钵 | |
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 面 | |
Singkawang | 面 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 面 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 臉/脸 |
Xinzhou | 臉/脸 | |
Taibus (Baochang) | 臉/脸 | |
Linhe | 臉/脸 | |
Jining | 臉/脸 | |
Hohhot | 臉/脸 | |
Baotou | 臉/脸 | |
Dongsheng | 眉眼 | |
Haibowan | 面 | |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 面 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 面 |
Changle | 面 | |
Fuqing | 面, 面䫌 | |
Yongtai | 面 | |
Gutian | 面 | |
Pingnan | 面 | |
Fu'an | 面 | |
Ningde | 面 | |
Shouning | 面 | |
Zhouning | 面 | |
Fuding | 面 | |
Matsu | 面 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 面 |
Quanzhou | 面 | |
Shishi | 面 | |
Yongchun | 面 | |
Zhangzhou | 面 | |
Zhao'an | 面 | |
Dongshan | 面 | |
Taipei | 面 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 面 | |
Kaohsiung | 面 | |
Yilan | 面 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 面 | |
Taichung | 面 | |
Tainan | 面 | |
Hsinchu | 面 | |
Kinmen | 面 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 面 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 面 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 面 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 面 | |
Longyan | 面頰/面颊 | |
Pingnan (Shangdu) | 面 | |
Pingnan (Pingtian) | 面 | |
Guiping (Xiaowen) | 面 | |
Guiping (Dongsheng) | 面 | |
Chaozhou | 面 | |
Shantou | 面 | |
Shantou (Chenghai) | 面 | |
Jieyang | 面 | |
Haifeng | 面 | |
Bangkok (Teochew) | 面 | |
Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 面 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 面 | |
Leizhou | 面 | |
Haikou | 面 | |
Singapore (Hainanese) | 面 | |
Puxian Min | Putian | 面 |
Xianyou | 面 | |
Fuding (Aoyao) | 面 | |
Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 面 |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 面 |
Nanning (Xinxu) | 面 | |
Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 面 |
Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 面 | |
Shehua | Fu'an | 面 |
Fuding | 面 | |
Luoyuan | 面 | |
Sanming | 面 | |
Shunchang | 面 | |
Hua'an | 面 | |
Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 面包 |
Wu | Shanghai | 面孔, 面顴/面颧, 番斯 |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 面孔 | |
Suzhou | 面孔 | |
Danyang | 面孔 | |
Hangzhou | 臉/脸, 臉孔/脸孔 | |
Ningbo | 面孔 | |
Wenzhou | 面股, 面 | |
Jinhua | 面, 面孔 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 臉/脸 |
Loudi | 面 | |
Shuangfeng | 面 | |
Quanzhou | 臉/脸 |
- (dignity):
Dialectal synonyms of 面目 (“dignity; reputation; face”) [map]
Variety | Location | Words edit |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 面目, 面子, 體面/体面, 顏面/颜面, 臉面/脸面 | |
Mandarin | Taiwan | 面子 |
Wanrong | 面子 | |
Malaysia | 臉/脸, 面子 | |
Singapore | 面子 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 面 |
Hong Kong | 面, 面子 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 面 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 面子, 面皮 |
Quanzhou | 面皮 | |
Zhangzhou | 面皮 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 面, 面皮 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 面, 面皮 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 面皮 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 面皮 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 面子 |
Compounds
Derived terms from 面
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Descendants
Sino-Xenic (面):
- → Japanese: 面 (men)
- → Korean: 면(面) (myeon)
- → Vietnamese: diện (面)
Others:
- → Proto-Mien: *ʰmi̯enᴬ (“face”)
- → Vietnamese: miền (沔)
- → Zhuang: mienh
Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 面 – see 麵 (“flour; wheat noodles; etc.”). (This character, 面, is the simplified form of 麵.) |
Notes:
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References
- “面”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學/香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
面
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)
- mask
- face
- features
- surface
Readings
- Go-on: めん (men, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: べん (ben)
- Kun: おも (omo, 面, Jōyō); おもて (omote, 面, Jōyō); つら (tsura, 面, Jōyō); も (mo, 面)
Compounds
Compounds
- 面会 (menkai)
- 面詰 (menkitsu)
- 面識 (menshiki)
- 面従 (menjū)
- 面責 (menseki)
- 面積 (menseki)
- 面接 (mensetsu)
- 面前 (menzen)
- 面相 (mensō)
- 面談 (mendan)
- 面倒 (mendō)
- 面罵 (menba)
- 面皮 (menpi)
- 面壁 (menpeki)
- 面貌 (menbō), 面貌 (menmyō)
- 面目 (menmoku), 面目 (menboku)
- 面面 (menmen), 面々 (menmen)
- 面妖 (men'yō)
- 面容 (men'yō)
- 斜面 (shamen)
Etymology 1
![](Images/wiktionary/Tengu.jpg.webp)
Kanji in this term |
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面 |
めん Grade: 3 |
on’yomi |
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) めん [mèń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- (Tokyo) めん [méꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [mẽ̞ɴ]
Noun
面 • (men)
- face
- 面あり!
- Men ari!
- (kendo) Face hit!
- 面あり!
- surface
- mask
- 天狗のお面
- tengu no o-men
- tengu mask
- 天狗のお面
- page
- (music) side of a record or CD
- 両A面
- ryō e-men
- double A-side
- 両A面
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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面 |
おもて Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) おもて [òmótéꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1]
- IPA(key): [o̞mo̞te̞]
Noun
面 • (omote) (alternative reading hiragana おも, rōmaji omo)
- face
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 面影 (omokage), 俤 (omokage)
- 面舵 (omokaji)
- 面白い (omoshiroi)
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
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面 |
つら Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) つら [tsùráꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
- IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝɾa̠]
Noun
面 • (tsura)
- face
- surface
- mask
- page
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 面魂 (tsuradamashii)
- 面の皮が厚い (tsura no kawa ga atsui)
- 面汚し (tsurayogoshi)
Suffix
面 • (-zura)
- -looking
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
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面 |
おも Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 面 – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, 面, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 面 (MC miᴇnH).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 면〮 (Yale: myén) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄂᆞᆺ (Yale: nòs) | 면〯 (Yale: myěn) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mjɘ(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [면(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Wikisource面 (eumhun 낯 면 (nat myeon))
- Hanja form? of 면 (“side; aspect”). [noun]
- Hanja form? of 면 (“(government) township”). [noun]
Compounds
Compounds
- 가면 (假面, gamyeon)
- 구면 (舊面, gumyeon)
- 단면 (斷面, danmyeon)
- 면적 (面積, myeonjeok)
- 반면 (反面, banmyeon)
- 장면 (場面, jangmyeon)
- 정면 (正面, jeongmyeon)
- 측면 (側面, cheungmyeon)
- 평면 (平面, pyeongmyeon)
- 화면 (畫面, hwamyeon)
- 국면 (局面, gungmyeon)
- 외면 (外面, oemyeon)
- 표면 (表面, pyomyeon)
- 이면 (裏面, imyeon)
- 방면 (方面, bangmyeon)
- 면모 (面貌, myeonmo)
- 안면 (顔面, anmyeon)
- 면상 (面相, myeonsang)
- 체면 (體面, chemyeon)
- 직면 (直面, jingmyeon)
- 면담 (面談, myeondam)
- 액면 (額面, aengmyeon)
- 수면 (水面, sumyeon)
- 진면목 (眞面目, jinmyeonmok)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
面: Hán Nôm readings: diện, miến, miền[1]
- (colloquial) chữ Hán form of diện (“to dress up, to be well-dressed”).
- chữ Hán form of diện (“face, appearance”).
- chữ Hán form of diện (“aspect; area”).
- Nôm form of miền (“region; district; domain”).
References
- Trần (2004).