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单词
释义

See also: , , , and
U+9762, 面
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9762

[U+9761]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9763]
U+2FAF, ⾯
KANGXI RADICAL FACE

[U+2FAE]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FB0]

Translingual

Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified
Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 176, 面+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一田尸中 (MWSL) or 一田卜中 (MWYL), four-corner 10600, composition ⿱丆囬)

  1. Kangxi radical #176, .

Derived characters

  • Appendix:Chinese radical/面
  • 偭, 喕, 𭎹, 媔, 𢃮, 愐, 湎, 𤟯, 𨕂, 㮌, 𣮻, 𤚛, 𬍵, 腼, 𥈅, 糆, 緬(缅), 蝒, 𧩤, 𧼸, 𨉥, 䤄, 𩋠, 𫗖, 𫘏, 𩳾, 𩹠, 麵(麺)
  • 勔, 𨜧, 𣮿, 𦫥, 𩔁, 𩤤, 𪓱, 𫏔, 𩈳, 𩉖, 蠠, 𠷰, 奤, 𦵀, 𮅥, 𡫍, 𬏶, 圙, 圗

References

  • KangXi: page 1383, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42618
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1896, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4398, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9762

Chinese

simp. and trad.
2nd round simp.𫩑

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
ShangShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone scriptSmall seal script

Pictogram (象形) , A man’s face, with an eye exaggerated, derived from 𦣻.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mjal (face); cognate with Mizo hmêl (face), Jingpho man (face). (OC *menʔ, “to turn; to violate”) is probably cognate (Wang, 1982), perhaps its endoactive (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): miàn (mian4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˋ
    (Chengdu, SP): mian4
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): min6, min6-2
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): men5, men5*
  • Gan (Wiktionary): mien5
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mien
    (Meixian, Guangdong): miên4
  • Jin (Wiktionary): mie3
  • Min Bei (KCR): mīng
  • Min Dong (BUC): méng / miêng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): bīn / bǐn / biān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ming7 / mêng7
  • Wu (Wiktionary): mi (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): mienn5 / mienn4

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: miàn
      • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: miàn
      • Wade–Giles: mien4
      • Yale: myàn
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miann
      • Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /mjɛn⁵¹/
    • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (面兒面儿)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: miànr
      • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˋㄦ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: miànr
      • Wade–Giles: mianrh4
      • Yale: myànr
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miall
      • Palladius: мяnр (mjanr)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /mjɑɻ⁵¹/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: mian4
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mian
      • Sinological IPA (key): /miɛn²¹³/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: min6, min6-2
      • Yale: mihn, mín
      • Cantonese Pinyin: min6, min6-2
      • Guangdong Romanization: min6, min6-2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /miːn²²/, /miːn²²⁻³⁵/
Note: min6-2 - reputation, face.
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: men5, men5*
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐben³²/, /ᵐben³²⁻³²⁵/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: mien5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /miɛn¹¹/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mien
      • Hakka Romanization System: mien
      • Hagfa Pinyim: mian4
      • Sinological IPA: /mi̯en⁵⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: miên4
      • Sinological IPA: /miɛn⁵³/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: mie3
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /mie⁴⁵/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mīng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ⁵⁵/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: méng / miêng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /mɛiŋ²¹³/, /miɛŋ²⁴²/
Note:
  • méng - vernacular;
  • miêng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Penang, Singapore)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bīn
      • Tâi-lô: bīn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: bin
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen, Singapore): /bin²²/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /bin⁴¹/
      • IPA (Penang): /bin²¹/
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /bin³³/
    • (Hokkien: Lukang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bǐn
      • Tâi-lô: bǐn
      • IPA (Lukang): /bin³³/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biān
      • Tâi-lô: biān
      • Phofsit Daibuun: bien
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /biɛn⁴¹/
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /biɛn³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /biɛn²²/
Note:
  • bīn/bǐn - vernacular;
  • biān - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: ming7 / mêng7
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mīng / mēng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ¹¹/, /meŋ¹¹/
Note: mêng7 - Jieyang.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: mi (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /mi²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: mienn5 / mienn4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /miẽ²¹/, /miẽ⁴⁵/
Note:
  • mienn5 - vernacular;
  • mienn4 - literary.

  • Middle Chinese: /miᴇnH/
Rime
Character
Reading #1/1
Initial () (4)
Final () (77)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()III
Fanqie彌箭切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/miᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/miɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen
/mjænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/mianH/
Li
Rong
/miɛnH/
Wang
Li
/mĭɛnH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/mi̯ɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
miàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
min6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.me[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mens/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
miàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ mjienH ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.me[n]-s/
Englishface

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/1
No.9098
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*mens/

Definitions

  1. (literary or dialectal) face (Classifier: c)
    帶笑容带笑容   miàn dài xiàoróng   to have a smile on one's face
    • 人心之不同,如其焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
      From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
      Rénxīn zhī bùtóng, rú qí miàn yān. [Pinyin]
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  2. surface; top; face
       shuǐmiàn   water surface
       miàn   road surface
  3. aspect; side; respect
       quánmiàn   overall
  4. right side; cover; outside
  5. (geometry) face
    長方體有六個长方体有六个   Chángfāngtǐ yǒu liù ge miàn.   A cuboid has six faces.
  6. (Cantonese, Singapore Hokkien) dignity; reputation; face
    [Cantonese]   mou5 min6-2 [Jyutping]   to lose face; to be embarrassed
  7. to meet
       miànshì   to come out (literally, “to meet the world”)
    • 夫為人子者,出必告,反必 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      夫为人子者,出必告,反必 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
      Fū wéi rénzǐ zhě, chū bì gào, fǎn bì miàn. [Pinyin]
      A son, when he is going abroad, must inform (his parents where he is going); when he returns, he must present himself before them.
  8. face-to-face
       miàntán   to talk with someone face to face
       miàngào   to inform face to face
    • 群臣吏民,能寡人之過者,受上賞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      群臣吏民,能寡人之过者,受上赏。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCE
      Qúnchén lìmín, néng miàncì guǎrén zhī guò zhě, shòu shàng shǎng. [Pinyin]
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  9. to face
       miàn   to face the wall
    背山   bèi shān miàn shuǐ   backing on to a mountain and facing a body of water
  10. suffix used to form a noun of locality
       qiánmiàn   in front
       shàngmiàn   higher place
    西   miàn   west
  11. Short for 面試面试 (miànshì, “interview”).
    HR   HRmiàn   (please add an English translation of this example)
  12. Classifier for objects with a flat surface.
    國旗国旗   miàn guóqí   a national flag
       miàn   a drum
  13. Classifier for numbers of times people meet each other.
    我和他只見過一 [MSC, trad.]
    我和他只见过一 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ hé tā zhǐ jiàn guò yī miàn. [Pinyin]
    I have only met him once.
Synonyms
  • (face):
edit
  • (dignity):

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (めん) (men)
  • Korean: 면(面) (myeon)
  • Vietnamese: diện ()

Others:

  • Proto-Mien: *ʰmi̯enᴬ (face)
  • Vietnamese: miền ()
  • Zhuang: mienh

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“flour; wheat noodles; etc.”).
(This character, , is the simplified form of .)
Notes:
  • Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore.
  • Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

  • ”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. mask
  2. face
  3. features
  4. surface

Readings

  • Go-on: めん (men, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: べん (ben)
  • Kun: おも (omo, , Jōyō); おもて (omote, , Jōyō); つら (tsura, , Jōyō); (mo, )

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
めん
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi: Goon
    • (Tokyo) [mèń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
    • (Tokyo) [méꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
    • IPA(key): [mẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

(めん) (men) 

  1. face
    (めん)あり!
    Men ari!
    (kendo) Face hit!
  2. surface
  3. mask
    天狗(てんぐ)のお(めん)
    tengu no o-men
    tengu mask
  4. page
  5. (music) side of a record or CD
    両A(りょうエ)(めん)
    ryō e-men
    double A-side

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
おもて
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) もて [òmótéꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1]
    • IPA(key): [o̞mo̞te̞]

Noun

(おもて) (omote)  (alternative reading hiragana おも, rōmaji omo)

  1. face
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
つら
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) [tsùráꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
    • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝɾa̠]

Noun

(つら) (tsura) 

  1. face
  2. surface
  3. mask
  4. page
Derived terms

Suffix

(づら) (-zura) 

  1. -looking

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
おも
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
【おも】
[noun] face
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC miᴇnH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448면〮 (Yale: myén)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527ᄂᆞᆺ (Yale: nòs)면〯 (Yale: myěn)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mjɘ(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun 낯 면 (nat myeon))

  1. Hanja form? of (side; aspect). [noun]
  2. Hanja form? of ((government) township). [noun]

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: diện, miến, miền[1]

  1. (colloquial) chữ Hán form of diện (to dress up, to be well-dressed).
  2. chữ Hán form of diện (face, appearance).
  3. chữ Hán form of diện (aspect; area).
  4. Nôm form of miền (region; district; domain).

References

  1. Trần (2004).
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