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单词 靈
释义

靈

See also: 霊 and 灵
靈 U+9748, 靈
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9748
← 靇
[U+9747]		CJK Unified Ideographs靉 →
[U+9749]
靈 U+F9B3, 靈
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B3
← 零
[U+F9B2]		CJK Compatibility Ideographs領 →
[U+F9B4]

Translingual

Traditional靈
Shinjitai霊
Simplified灵

Han character

靈 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+16, 24 strokes, cangjie input 一月口口人 (MBRRO) or 一月口口一 (MBRRM), four-corner 10108, composition ⿱霝巫)

Derived characters

  • 㦭 欞 爧 䄥 䡿 䚖 䰱 䴒 䖅 䉹 𤅷

References

  • KangXi: page 1380, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42532
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1889, character 34
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4082, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+9748
  • Unihan data for U+F9B3

Chinese

trad.靈
simp.灵
alternative forms
 
𫻝
𬰑
𫲚
𬋣
㚑
𫻝
𬰑
𫲚
𬋣
㚑
霊
霛
䨩
𠳄
𡀓
𢩙
𢩝
𤫊
𤴤
龗
𧈀
𧨈
𫕞
𩂊
𩂳
𩃏
𩆇
𩆈
𩄀
𩃗
𩃞
𩄇
𩅶
𢩙
𢩝
𢩗
𩆕
𩆜
𩆮
𩇎

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 靈
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (霝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
靈*reːŋ
霛*reːŋ
麢*reːŋ
霝*reːŋ
醽*reːŋ
櫺*reːŋ
蘦*reːŋ
孁*reːŋ
龗*reːŋ
酃*reːŋ
爧*reːŋ
欞*reːŋ

Found as 𩆜 in Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : phonetic 霝 (OC *reːŋ) + semantic 玉 (“jade”).

The semantic component 玉 (“jade”) may be replaced with 巫 (“witch”), as in the current form, or with 心 (“heart”) or 示 (“memorial tablet”) in the ancient bronze inscription forms.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): líng (ling2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ
    (Chengdu, SP): nin2
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): ling4, leng4
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): len3, liang3
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lìn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): lin2
  • Jin (Wiktionary): ling1
  • Min Bei (KCR): lěng
  • Min Dong (BUC): lìng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): lêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lêng5
  • Wu (Wiktionary): lin (T3)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: líng
      • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: líng
      • Wade–Giles: ling2
      • Yale: líng
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
      • Palladius: лин (lin)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ³⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: nin2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lin
      • Sinological IPA (key): /nin²¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: ling4, leng4
      • Yale: lìhng, lèhng
      • Cantonese Pinyin: ling4, leng4
      • Guangdong Romanization: ling4, léng4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lɪŋ²¹/, /lɛːŋ²¹/
Note:
  • ling4 - literary;
  • leng4 - vernacular.
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: len3, liang3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /len²²/, /liaŋ²²/
Note:
  • len3 - literary;
  • liang3 - vernacular.
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lìn
      • Hakka Romanization System: linˇ
      • Hagfa Pinyim: lin2
      • Sinological IPA: /lin¹¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: lin2
      • Sinological IPA: /lin¹¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: ling1
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /lĩŋ¹¹/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lěng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /leiŋ²¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: lìng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /l̃iŋ⁵³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng
      • Tâi-lô: lîng
      • Phofsit Daibuun: leeng
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³/
      • IPA (Singapore): /leŋ²⁴/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: lêng5
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lêng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /leŋ⁵⁵/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: lin (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lɪɲ²³/
  • Middle Chinese: /leŋ/
Rime
Character靈
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)來 (37)
Final (韻)青 (125)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)IV
Fanqie郎丁切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/leŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		/leŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		/lɛŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/lɛjŋ/
Li
Rong		/leŋ/
Wang
Li		/lieŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		/lieŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		líng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		ling4
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤeŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character靈
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		líng
Middle
Chinese		‹ leng ›
Old
Chinese		/*[r]ˁeŋ/
Englishsupernatural

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character靈
Reading #1/1
No.8259
Phonetic
component		霝
Rime
group		耕
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		靈
Old
Chinese		/*reːŋ/

Definitions

靈

  1. god; deity
  2. soul; spirit
  3. coffin
  4. effective; efficacious
    呢隻藥都幾靈。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    呢只药都几灵。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ne1 zek3 joek6 dou1 gei2 leng4. [Jyutping]
    This medicine is quite effective.
  5. keen; quick
  6. nimble
  7. (Shanghainese Wu) nice; suitable, apt
    搿物事靈個。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    搿物事灵个。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    [ɡ̊əʔ¹² məʔ¹¹ z̥z̩²³ lɪɲ²² ɦəʔ⁴⁴] [IPA]
    This thing is nice.
  8. a surname: Ling

Synonyms

  • (coffin):
edit
  • 柩 (jiù)
  • 棺柩 (guānjiù)
  • 靈柩／灵柩 (língjiù)
  • (effective): (archaic or Hokkien) 靈聖／灵圣 (língshèng), 靈驗／灵验 (língyàn)
  • (keen):
edit
Synonyms of 靈

Compounds

Derived terms from 靈

References

  • “靈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai

霊

Kyūjitai

靈

Kanji

靈

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 霊)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 霊: soul, spirit; ghost; mystery

Readings

  • Go-on: りょう (ryō)←りやう (ryau, historical)
  • Kan-on: れい (rei)
  • Tō-on: りん (rin)
  • Kun: すだま (sudama, 靈); たま (tama, 靈); ち (chi, 靈); み (mi, 靈)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Hanja

Wikisource靈 (eumhun 신령 령 (sillyeong ryeong), South Korea 신령 영 (sillyeong yeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 령/영 (“spirit, soul, deity”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 유령 (幽靈, yuryeong, “apparition, ghost”)
  • 망령 (亡靈, mangnyeong, “spirit, soul”)
  • 악령 (惡靈, angnyeong, “evil spirit”)
  • 신령 (神靈, sillyeong, “god, deity”)

Vietnamese

Han character

靈: Hán Nôm readings: linh, lanh, lẻng, leng, lênh, liêng, lình

  1. spirit, soul
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