霾

霾

霾 U+973E, 霾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-973E ← 霽 [U+973D] CJK Unified Ideographs 霿 → [U+973F]

Translingual

Han character

霾 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+14, 22 strokes, cangjie input 一月月竹土 (MBBHG), four-corner 1021₄, composition ⿱雨貍)

References

• KangXi: page 1379, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42507
• Dae Jaweon: page 1889, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4081, character 7
• Unihan data for U+973E

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Chinese

trad.		霾
simp. #		霾

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (里) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
埋	*mrɯː
霾	*mrɯː
薶	*mrɯː
榸	*ʔr'ɯː
厘	*rɯ
狸	*rɯ
貍	*p·rɯ
梩	*rɯ
艃	*rɯ
里	*rɯʔ
理	*rɯʔ
鯉	*rɯʔ
俚	*rɯʔ
悝	*rɯʔ, *km̥ʰlɯː
娌	*rɯʔ
裏	*rɯʔ
荲	*r̥ʰɯɡ, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mrɯː) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 貍 (OC *p·rɯ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mái (mai²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄞˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): maai⁴, lei⁴, mai⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mái
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄞˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mái
    • Wade–Giles: mai²
    • Yale: mái
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mai
    • Palladius: май (maj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maɪ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: maai⁴, lei⁴, mai⁴
    • Yale: màaih, lèih, màih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: maai⁴, lei⁴, mai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mai⁴, léi⁴, mei⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːi̯²¹/, /lei̯²¹/, /mɐi̯²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /mˠɛi/

Rime
Character	霾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	莫皆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠɛi/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚæi/
Shao Rongfen	/mɐi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məɨj/
Li Rong	/mɛi/
Wang Li	/mɐi/
Bernard Karlgren	/măi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mái
Expected Cantonese Reflex	maai4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤrə/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mrɯː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	霾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mái
Middle Chinese	‹ mɛj ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁrə/
English	whirlwind
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	霾
Reading #	1/1
No.	7818
Phonetic component	里
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	埋
Old Chinese	/*mrɯː/

Definitions

霾

1. fog; haze
2. misty; foggy
3. dust storm

Synonyms

• (fog): 陰霾／阴霾 (yīnmái)

Compounds

霾晦 陰霾／阴霾 (yīnmái)

霧霾／雾霾 (wùmái)

風霾／风霾

References

• “霾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

霾

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): ばい (bai)
• Kun: つちふる (tsuchifuru, 霾る); つちぐもり (tsuchigumori, 霾り)

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Korean

Hanja

霾 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.