霧

See also: 露 and 雾

霧	U+9727, 霧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9727

← 霦
[U+9726]

CJK Unified Ideographs

霨 →
[U+9728]

Translingual

Han character

霧 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一月弓竹尸 (MBNHS), four-corner 1022₇, composition ⿱雨務)

References

KangXi: page 1377, character 36

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42418

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4074, character 15

Unihan data for U+9727

Chinese

trad.		霧
simp.		雾
alternative forms		雺霚霿

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (矛) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
堥	muː, mu
蓩	muːʔ, moːɡ
猱	ml'uː, mljiwʔ, *ml'us
茅	*mruː
罞	mruː, muːŋ
蝥	mruː, mu, mo, moɡs
鶜	*mruː
瞀	moːɡs, mroːɡ
愗	*moːɡs
袤	*mus
雺	mus, mu, muːŋ, muːŋs
懋	*mus
楙	*mus
矛	*mu
蟊	*mu
髳	mu, muːŋ
鍪	*mu
鞪	mu, moːɡ
糅	*ml'us
腬	ml'us, mlju
柔	*mlju
揉	*mju
蹂	mju, mjuʔ, *mjus
鍒	*mju
騥	*mju
蝚	*mju
葇	mju, mjuʔ
鞣	mju, mjus
鰇	*mju
瑈	*mju
鶔	*mju
楺	*mjuʔ
煣	mjuʔ, mjus
輮	mjuʔ, mjus
韖	*mjuʔ
敄	moʔ, mos
務	*moɡs
鶩	moɡs, moːɡ
騖	*moɡs
婺	*moɡs
霚	moɡs, moːŋ
嵍	*moɡs
霧	moɡs, moːŋ
霿	moːŋ, moːŋs
楘	*moːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *moɡs, *moːŋ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 務 (OC *moɡs).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007) or its allofam *r-məw (“sky; heavens; clouds”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan རྨུ་བ (rmu ba, “fog”), རྨུགས་པ (rmugs pa, “dense fog”), Burmese မြူ (mru, “minute particle; haze; fog”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): wù (wu⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄨˋ
(Chengdu, SP): wu⁴
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ву (vu, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): mou⁶
(Taishan, Wiktionary): mu⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): u⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): vu
(Meixian, Guangdong): vu⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): vu³
Min Bei (KCR): mū / ū
Min Dong (BUC): ô
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): bū
(Teochew, Peng'im): bhu⁷
Wu (Wiktionary): hhu (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): u⁵ / u⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wù
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wù
  - Wade–Giles: wu⁴
  - Yale: wù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuh
  - Palladius: у (u)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: wu⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: u
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vu²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ву (vu, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vou⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mou⁶
  - Yale: mouh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: mu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbu³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: u⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vu
  - Hakka Romanization System: vu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /vu⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: vu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ʋu⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: vu³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /vu⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mū / ū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵⁵/, /u⁵⁵/

Note:

mū - verncular;
ū - literary.

Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ou²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bū
  - Tâi-lô: bū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bu²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bu³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /bu⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bhu⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /bu¹¹/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhu (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦv̩ʷ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: u⁵ / u⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u²¹/, /u⁴⁵/

Note:

u5 - vernacular;
u4 - literary.

Middle Chinese: /mɨo^H/

Rime
Character	霧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	亡遇切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/mio^H/
Shao Rongfen	/mio^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muə̆^H/
Li Rong	/mio^H/
Wang Li	/mĭu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kə.m(r)[o]k-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*moɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	霧
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wù
Middle Chinese	‹ mju^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kə.m(r)[o]k-s/
English	fog, mist
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	霧
Reading #	1/2
No.	8856
Phonetic component	矛
Rime group	竇
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	務
Old Chinese	/*moɡs/
Notes	見爾雅，說文作霚

Definitions

霧

fog; mist
vapour; fine spray
(Hokkien) blurry

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 霧 (“fog”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		霧, 霧氣, 霧靄
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		霧, 霧氣
Mandarin	Beijing	霧
	Taiwan	霧
	Harbin	霧
	Yantai (Muping)	霧, 霧露
	Jinan	霧
	Luoyang	霧
	Wanrong	霧
	Xi'an	霧, 霧氣
	Yinchuan	霧
	Lanzhou	霧, 霧氣
	Xining	霧, 霧氣
	Ürümqi	霧
	Wuhan	霧
	Chengdu	霧, 霧罩, 霧氣
	Guiyang	霧罩, 雲霧
	Guilin	霧
	Liuzhou	霧, 霧水
	Xuzhou	霧
	Yangzhou	霧
	Nanjing	霧
	Hefei	霧
Cantonese	Guangzhou	霧
	Hong Kong	霧
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	霧
	Macau	霧
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	霧
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	霧
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	霧
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	霧, 大頭霧
	Foshan	霧
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	霧
	Foshan (Shunde)	霧
	Foshan (Sanshui)	霧
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	霧
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	霧
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	霧
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	霧
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	霧
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	霧
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	霧
	Taishan	霧
	Kaiping (Chikan)	霧
	Enping (Niujiang)	霧
	Heshan (Yayao)	霧
	Dongguan	霧, 霧水
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	霞霧
	Yangjiang	霧
	Danzhou	霧露
Gan	Nanchang	霧
	Lichuan	濛, 霧
	Pingxiang	霧露, 霧
Hakka	Meixian	霧, 濛沙
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	霧
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	濛霞
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	濛露
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	霧
	Conghua (Lütian)	露
	Yudu	霧露
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	濛沙煙
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	濛沙煙
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	濛煙
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	濛沙煙, 濛煙
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	濛沙煙, 濛煙
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	濛
Huizhou	Jixi	霧
Jin	Taiyuan	霧
Jin	Xinzhou	霧
Min Bei	Jian'ou	露
Min Dong	Fuzhou	雺
Min Nan	Xiamen	霧, 雺
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	雺霧
	Kaohsiung	霧
	Yilan	霧
	Changhua (Lukang)	霧
	Taichung	霧, 雺
	Tainan	霧
	Hsinchu	霧
	Kinmen	霧
	Penghu (Magong)	霧
	Manila (Hokkien)	霧
	Chaozhou	霧
	Leizhou	霧
	Wenchang	霧
	Haikou	霧
Min Zhong	Yanping (Wangtai)	霧
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	霧
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	罩子
Wu	Shanghai	霧, 霧露, 迷霧
	Shanghai (Chongming)	迷露
	Suzhou	迷露
	Danyang	霧
	Hangzhou	霧露
	Ningbo	霧露
	Wenzhou	幔, 幔露
	Jinhua	霧
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	霧露
Xiang	Changsha	霧, 罩子, 罩
	Loudi	霧, 罩子 thick
	Shuangfeng	霧, 霧罩, 霧罩子

Compounds

Derived terms from 霧

一頭霧水／一头雾水 (yītóuwùshuǐ)
下霧／下雾 (xiàwù)
五里霧／五里雾
光煙霧／光烟雾
冷霧／冷雾
南山霧豹／南山雾豹
吞雲吐霧／吞云吐雾 (tūnyúntǔwù)
含煙籠霧／含烟笼雾
噴雲吐霧／喷云吐雾
噴雲噯霧／喷云嗳雾
噴霧／喷雾 (pēnwù)
噴霧器／喷雾器 (pēnwùqì)
噴霧機／喷雾机
墮雲霧中／堕云雾中
如坐雲霧／如坐云雾
如墮煙霧／如堕烟雾
妖霧／妖雾
宿霧／宿雾 (Sùwù)
平流霧／平流雾
愁雲慘霧／愁云惨雾
愁霧／愁雾
拿雲握霧／拿云握雾
握雲拿霧／握云拿雾
握霧拿雲／握雾拿云
擁霧翻波／拥雾翻波

晨霧／晨雾 (chénwù)
朝霧／朝雾 (zhāowù)
毒霧／毒雾
海霧／海雾
涼霧／凉雾 (Liángwù)
濃霧／浓雾 (nóngwù)
煙消霧散／烟消雾散
煙籠霧鎖／烟笼雾锁
煙霏霧集／烟霏雾集
煙霧／烟雾 (yānwù)
熱霧／热雾
紅光紫霧／红光紫雾 (hóng guāng zǐ wù)
綠煙紅霧／绿烟红雾
興雲作霧／兴云作雾
興雲吐霧／兴云吐雾
蒙霧露／蒙雾露
蒼霧／苍雾
蓮霧／莲雾 (liánwù)
迷霧／迷雾 (míwù)
除霧器／除雾器
雲合霧集／云合雾集
雲山霧罩／云山雾罩
雲收霧散／云收雾散
雲消霧散／云消雾散 (yúnxiāo-wùsàn)

雲霧／云雾 (yúnwù)
霧化／雾化 (wùhuà)
霧嗄嗄／雾嗄嗄 (bū-sà-sà) (Min Nan)
霧峰／雾峰 (Wùfēng)
霧氣／雾气 (wùqì)
霧沉沉／雾沉沉
霧淞／雾淞 (wùsōng)
霧渡河／雾渡河 (Wùdùhé)
霧社／雾社
霧社事件／雾社事件 (Wùshè Shìjiàn)
霧縠／雾縠
霧臺／雾台 (Wùtái)
霧茫茫／雾茫茫
霧裡看花／雾里看花 (wùlǐkànhuā)
霧豹／雾豹
霧鎖雲埋／雾锁云埋
霧騰騰／雾腾腾
霧鬢／雾鬓
霧鬢風鬟／雾鬓风鬟
風言霧語／风言雾语
風鬟霧鬢／风鬟雾鬓
駕霧騰雲／驾雾腾云
騰雲駕霧／腾云驾雾
騰霧／腾雾

Descendants

→ Proto-Tai: *ʰmoːkᴰ
- Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ʰmɔːkᴰᴸ¹
  - Thai: หมอก (mɔ̀ɔk)
→ Proto-Vietic: *k-mɔːk
- Vietnamese: móc
- Phong: kʰmɔːk⁸

Etymology 2

trad.		霧
simp.		雾
alternative forms		潕／𣲘

Pronunciation

Min Nan (POJ): bū / bǔ

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bū
  - Tâi-lô: bū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bu
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bu³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bu²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bǔ
  - Tâi-lô: bǔ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bu²²/

Definitions

霧

(Hokkien) to spray; to spit (a liquid, often after keeping the liquid in one's mouth)
(Taiwanese Hokkien) to gush upwards

Etymology 3

trad.		霧
simp.		雾

Pronunciation

Min Bei (KCR): sū

Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵⁵/

Definitions

霧

(Min Bei) Alternative form of 露 (“fog; mist”).

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 霧 – see 霿 (“gloomy; dim; overcast; fog; etc.”). (This character, 霧, is a variant form of 霿.)

Japanese

Kanji

霧

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: む (mu, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ぶ (bu)
Kun: きり (kiri, 霧, Jōyō); きらう (kirau, 霧らう)

Compounds

煙霧(えんむ) (enmu): a mist, fog, smog; a haze
煙霧質(えんむしつ) (enmushitsu): an aerosol

Noun

霧(きり) • (kiri)

mist, fog
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
  重霧下奇利
- 1999 March 1, “ウォーター・エレメント [Water Element]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
  水(みず)に住(す)んでいる精(せい)霊(れい)。まわりを霧(きり)でつつみこみ視(し)界(かい)を奪(うば)う。
  Mizu ni sundeiru seirei. Mawari o kiri de tsutsumikomi shikai o ubau.
  A spirit who lives in the water. She’ll blind you by surrounding you with mist.

References

Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 霧 (MC mɨo^H). Recorded as Middle Korean 무〯 (mwǔ) (Yale: mwǔ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [mu(ː)]
Phonetic hangul: [무(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource霧 (eumhun 안개 무 (an'gae mu))

Hanja form^? of 무 (“fog; mist”).

Compounds

농무 (濃霧, nongmu)
운무 (雲霧, unmu)
무산 (霧散, musan)
해무 (海霧, haemu)
연무 (煙霧, yeonmu)
연무질 (煙霧質, yeonmujil)
무중 (霧中, mujung)
오리무중 (五里霧中, orimujung)
분무기 (噴霧器, bunmugi)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

霧: Hán Nôm readings: vụ, mù

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