霧
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Translingual
Han character
霧 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一月弓竹尸 (MBNHS), four-corner 10227, composition ⿱雨務)
References
- KangXi: page 1377, character 36
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42418
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4074, character 15
- Unihan data for U+9727
Chinese
trad. | 霧 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 雾 | |
alternative forms | 雺 霚 霿 |
Glyph origin
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
堥 | *muː, *mu |
蓩 | *muːʔ, *moːɡ |
猱 | *ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us |
茅 | *mruː |
罞 | *mruː, *muːŋ |
蝥 | *mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs |
鶜 | *mruː |
瞀 | *moːɡs, *mroːɡ |
愗 | *moːɡs |
袤 | *mus |
雺 | *mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs |
懋 | *mus |
楙 | *mus |
矛 | *mu |
蟊 | *mu |
髳 | *mu, *muːŋ |
鍪 | *mu |
鞪 | *mu, *moːɡ |
糅 | *ml'us |
腬 | *ml'us, *mlju |
柔 | *mlju |
揉 | *mju |
蹂 | *mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus |
鍒 | *mju |
騥 | *mju |
蝚 | *mju |
葇 | *mju, *mjuʔ |
鞣 | *mju, *mjus |
鰇 | *mju |
瑈 | *mju |
鶔 | *mju |
楺 | *mjuʔ |
煣 | *mjuʔ, *mjus |
輮 | *mjuʔ, *mjus |
韖 | *mjuʔ |
敄 | *moʔ, *mos |
務 | *moɡs |
鶩 | *moɡs, *moːɡ |
騖 | *moɡs |
婺 | *moɡs |
霚 | *moɡs, *moːŋ |
嵍 | *moɡs |
霧 | *moɡs, *moːŋ |
霿 | *moːŋ, *moːŋs |
楘 | *moːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *moɡs, *moːŋ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 務 (OC *moɡs).
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007) or its allofam *r-məw (“sky; heavens; clouds”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan རྨུ་བ (rmu ba, “fog”), རྨུགས་པ (rmugs pa, “dense fog”), Burmese မြူ (mru, “minute particle; haze; fog”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
霧
- fog; mist
- vapour; fine spray
- (Hokkien) blurry
Synonyms
Variety | Location | Words edit |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 霧, 霧氣, 霧靄 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 霧, 霧氣 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 霧 |
Taiwan | 霧 | |
Harbin | 霧 | |
Yantai (Muping) | 霧, 霧露 | |
Jinan | 霧 | |
Luoyang | 霧 | |
Wanrong | 霧 | |
Xi'an | 霧, 霧氣 | |
Yinchuan | 霧 | |
Lanzhou | 霧, 霧氣 | |
Xining | 霧, 霧氣 | |
Ürümqi | 霧 | |
Wuhan | 霧 | |
Chengdu | 霧, 霧罩, 霧氣 | |
Guiyang | 霧罩, 雲霧 | |
Guilin | 霧 | |
Liuzhou | 霧, 霧水 | |
Xuzhou | 霧 | |
Yangzhou | 霧 | |
Nanjing | 霧 | |
Hefei | 霧 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 霧 |
Hong Kong | 霧 | |
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 霧 | |
Macau | 霧 | |
Guangzhou (Panyu) | 霧 | |
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 霧 | |
Guangzhou (Conghua) | 霧 | |
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 霧, 大頭霧 | |
Foshan | 霧 | |
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 霧 | |
Foshan (Shunde) | 霧 | |
Foshan (Sanshui) | 霧 | |
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 霧 | |
Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 霧 | |
Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 霧 | |
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 霧 | |
Zhuhai (Doumen) | 霧 | |
Jiangmen (Baisha) | 霧 | |
Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 霧 | |
Taishan | 霧 | |
Kaiping (Chikan) | 霧 | |
Enping (Niujiang) | 霧 | |
Heshan (Yayao) | 霧 | |
Dongguan | 霧, 霧水 | |
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 霞霧 | |
Yangjiang | 霧 | |
Danzhou | 霧露 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 霧 |
Lichuan | 濛, 霧 | |
Pingxiang | 霧露, 霧 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 霧, 濛沙 |
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 霧 | |
Dongguan (Qingxi) | 濛霞 | |
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 濛露 | |
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 霧 | |
Conghua (Lütian) | 露 | |
Yudu | 霧露 | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 濛沙煙 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 濛沙煙 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 濛煙 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 濛沙煙, 濛煙 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 濛沙煙, 濛煙 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 濛 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 霧 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 霧 |
Xinzhou | 霧 | |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 露 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 雺 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 霧, 雺 |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 雺霧 | |
Kaohsiung | 霧 | |
Yilan | 霧 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 霧 | |
Taichung | 霧, 雺 | |
Tainan | 霧 | |
Hsinchu | 霧 | |
Kinmen | 霧 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 霧 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 霧 | |
Chaozhou | 霧 | |
Leizhou | 霧 | |
Wenchang | 霧 | |
Haikou | 霧 | |
Min Zhong | Yanping (Wangtai) | 霧 |
Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 霧 |
Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 罩子 |
Wu | Shanghai | 霧, 霧露, 迷霧 |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 迷露 | |
Suzhou | 迷露 | |
Danyang | 霧 | |
Hangzhou | 霧露 | |
Ningbo | 霧露 | |
Wenzhou | 幔, 幔露 | |
Jinhua | 霧 | |
Jinhua (Tangxi) | 霧露 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 霧, 罩子, 罩 |
Loudi | 霧, 罩子 thick | |
Shuangfeng | 霧, 霧罩, 霧罩子 |
Compounds
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Descendants
- → Proto-Tai: *ʰmoːkᴰ
- Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ʰmɔːkᴰᴸ¹
- Thai: หมอก (mɔ̀ɔk)
- Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ʰmɔːkᴰᴸ¹
- → Proto-Vietic: *k-mɔːk
- Vietnamese: móc
- Phong: kʰmɔːk⁸
Etymology 2
trad. | 霧 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 雾 | |
alternative forms | 潕/𣲘 |
Pronunciation
Definitions
霧
- (Hokkien) to spray; to spit (a liquid, often after keeping the liquid in one's mouth)
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) to gush upwards
Etymology 3
trad. | 霧 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 雾 |
Pronunciation
Definitions
霧
- (Min Bei) Alternative form of 露 (“fog; mist”).
Etymology 4
For pronunciation and definitions of 霧 – see 霿 (“gloomy; dim; overcast; fog; etc.”). (This character, 霧, is a variant form of 霿.) |
Japanese
Kanji
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
Readings
- Go-on: む (mu, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ぶ (bu)
- Kun: きり (kiri, 霧, Jōyō); きらう (kirau, 霧らう)
Compounds
- 煙霧 (enmu): a mist, fog, smog; a haze
- 煙霧質 (enmushitsu): an aerosol
Noun
霧 • (kiri)
- mist, fog
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
- 重霧 下奇利
- 1999 March 1, “ウォーター・エレメント [Water Element]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
- 水に住んでいる精霊。まわりを霧でつつみこみ視界を奪う。
- Mizu ni sundeiru seirei. Mawari o kiri de tsutsumikomi shikai o ubau.
- A spirit who lives in the water. She’ll blind you by surrounding you with mist.
- 水に住んでいる精霊。まわりを霧でつつみこみ視界を奪う。
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
See also
- 霞み (kasumi)
References
- Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 霧 (MC mɨoH). Recorded as Middle Korean 무〯 (mwǔ) (Yale: mwǔ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mu(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [무(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Wikisource霧 (eumhun 안개 무 (an'gae mu))
- Hanja form? of 무 (“fog; mist”).
Compounds
- 농무 (濃霧, nongmu)
- 운무 (雲霧, unmu)
- 무산 (霧散, musan)
- 해무 (海霧, haemu)
- 연무 (煙霧, yeonmu)
- 연무질 (煙霧質, yeonmujil)
- 무중 (霧中, mujung)
- 오리무중 (五里霧中, orimujung)
- 분무기 (噴霧器, bunmugi)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
霧: Hán Nôm readings: vụ, mù
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