霞む
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 霞 |
| かす Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
Alternative forms
- (become blurry, get dim, blur, play weakly): 翳む
Etymology
From Old Japanese.
From stem kasu-, whereas the adjective 微か (kasuka, “faint, dim”) and adverb かすかす (kasukasu, “barely”).
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) かすむ [kàsúmú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [ka̠sɨᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]
Verb 1
霞む (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana かすむ, rōmaji kasumu)
- to grow hazy, to be misty
- 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 4, poem 210)
- 春霞かすみていにしかりがねは今ぞなくなる秋霧の上に
- harugasumi kasumite inishi karigane wa ima zo nakunaru akigiri no ue ni
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- 春霞かすみていにしかりがねは今ぞなくなる秋霧の上に
- 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 4, poem 210)
- to become blurry, especially when tears come out
- to get dim
- to be overshadowed
Conjugation
Conjugation of "霞む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 霞ま | かすま | kasuma |
| Continuative (連用形) | 霞み | かすみ | kasumi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 霞む | かすむ | kasumu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 霞む | かすむ | kasumu |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 霞め | かすめ | kasume |
| Imperative (命令形) | 霞め | かすめ | kasume |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 霞まれる | かすまれる | kasumareru |
| Causative | 霞ませる 霞ます | かすませる かすます | kasumaseru kasumasu |
| Potential | 霞める | かすめる | kasumeru |
| Volitional | 霞もう | かすもう | kasumō |
| Negative | 霞まない | かすまない | kasumanai |
| Negative continuative | 霞まず | かすまず | kasumazu |
| Formal | 霞みます | かすみます | kasumimasu |
| Perfective | 霞んだ | かすんだ | kasunda |
| Conjunctive | 霞んで | かすんで | kasunde |
| Hypothetical conditional | 霞めば | かすめば | kasumeba |
Classical conjugation of "霞む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 霞ま | かすま | kasuma |
| Continuative (連用形) | 霞み | かすみ | kasumi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 霞む | かすむ | kasumu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 霞む | かすむ | kasumu |
| Realis (已然形) | 霞め | かすめ | kasume |
| Imperative (命令形) | 霞め | かすめ | kasume |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 霞まず | かすまず | kasumazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 霞めど | かすめど | kasumedo |
| Causal conjunction | 霞めば | かすめば | kasumeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 霞まば | かすまば | kasumaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 霞みき | かすみき | kasumiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 霞みけり | かすみけり | kasumikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 霞みつ | かすみつ | kasumitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 霞みぬ | かすみぬ | kasuminu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 霞めり 霞みたり | かすめり かすみたり | kasumeri kasumitari |
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 霞 (kasumi, “mist, haze”)
- 霞み残る (kasuminokoru)
- 霞み渡る (kasumiwataru)
- 薄霞む (usugasumu)
- 打ち霞む (uchikasumu)
- 鐘霞む (kanekasumu)
- 草霞む (kusakasumu)
- 目が霞む (me ga kasumu)
Verb 2
霞む (transitive, shimo nidan conjugation, hiragana かすむ, rōmaji kasumu)
- (archaic) to blur
- (theater, archaic) in kabuki, for the 下座 (geza) musicians to play weakly and quietly
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "霞む" (マ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 霞め | かすめ | kasume |
| Continuative (連用形) | 霞め | かすめ | kasume |
| Terminal (終止形) | 霞む | かすむ | kasumu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 霞むる | かすむる | kasumuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 霞むれ | かすむれ | kasumure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 霞めよ | かすめよ | kasumeyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 霞めず | かすめず | kasumezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 霞むれど | かすむれど | kasumuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 霞むれば | かすむれば | kasumureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 霞めば | かすめば | kasumeba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 霞めき | かすめき | kasumeki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 霞めけり | かすめけり | kasumekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 霞めつ | かすめつ | kasumetu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 霞めぬ | かすめぬ | kasumenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 霞めたり | かすめたり | kasumetari |
Derived terms
- 霞める (kasumeru, modern form)
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN