霞

霞

霞 U+971E, 霞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-971E ← 霝 [U+971D] CJK Unified Ideographs 霟 → [U+971F]

Translingual

Han character

霞 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一月口尸水 (MBRSE), four-corner 1024₇, composition ⿱⻗叚)

References

• KangXi: page 1376, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42365
• Dae Jaweon: page 1885, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4071, character 16
• Unihan data for U+971E

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Chinese

trad.		霞
simp. #		霞
2nd round simp.		⿱⿻丅⿵冂⿰丶丶下
alternative forms		雫 alt. 2nd round simp.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 霞
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (叚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
葭	*kraː
麚	*kraː
瘕	*kraː, *kraːʔ
豭	*kraː
貑	*kraː
猳	*kraː
犌	*kraː
假	*kraːʔ, *kraːs
嘏	*kraːʔ
婽	*kraːʔ
椵	*kraːʔ
叚	*kraːʔ
蝦	*qʰraː, *ɡraː
煆	*qʰraː, *qʰraːs
霞	*ɡraː
遐	*ɡraː
瑕	*ɡraː
鰕	*ɡraː
碬	*ɡraː
蕸	*ɡraː
赮	*ɡraː
鍜	*ɡraː
騢	*ɡraː
暇	*ɡraːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡraː) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xiá (xia²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): xia²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haa⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hà

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ha²

• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hâ / hêe / hê

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hia⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiá
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siá
    • Wade–Giles: hsia²
    • Yale: syá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shya
    • Palladius: ся (sja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjä³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: xia²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xia
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕia²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: haa⁴
    • Yale: hàh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haa⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ha⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haː²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hà
    • Hakka Romanization System: haˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ha²
    • Sinological IPA: /ha¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ha²
    • Sinological IPA: /ha¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâ
    • Tâi-lô: hâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haa
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /ha²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ha²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêe
    • Tâi-lô: hêe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɛ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hê
    • Tâi-lô: hê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hee
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /he²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /he²³/

Note:

• hâ - literary;
• hê - vernacular.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hia⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiâ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hia⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦˠa/

Rime
Character	霞
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡加切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨ/
Li Rong	/ɣa/
Wang Li	/ɣa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haa4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	霞
Reading #	1/1
No.	5965
Phonetic component	叚
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	遐
Old Chinese	/*ɡraː/

Definitions

霞

1. the light and clouds at sunrise and sunset; mist; rosy clouds
2. colorful; rosy
3. Alternative form of 遐 (xiá).
4. a surname

Compounds

丹霞 (dānxiá) 奎霞 (Kuíxiá) 彤霞 彩霞 (cǎixiá) 早霞 (zǎoxiá) 晚霞 (wǎnxiá) 服露餐霞 朝霞 (zhāoxiá) 流霞 落霞 (luòxiá) 霞光 (xiáguāng) 霞帔

霞浦 (Xiápǔ, “Xiapu”) 霞石 (xiáshí) 霞表 餐霞 餐霞人 仙霞嶺／仙霞岭 堅臥煙霞／坚卧烟霞 服氣餐霞／服气餐霞 棲霞／栖霞 (Qīxiá) 煙霞／烟霞 (yānxiá) 煙霞外人／烟霞外人 煙霞痼疾／烟霞痼疾

煙霞癖／烟霞癖 紅霞／红霞 雲興霞蔚／云兴霞蔚 雲蒸霞蔚／云蒸霞蔚 雲霞／云霞 (yúnxiá) 霞光豔豔／霞光艳艳 霞頭／霞头 飛霞／飞霞 飛霞妝／飞霞妆 飲流霞／饮流霞 餘霞成綺／余霞成绮 鳳冠霞帔／凤冠霞帔

References

• “霞”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Alternative forms

Kanji in this term
霞
かすみ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

• (dimness of sight): 翳

Kanji

霞

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. mist, haze
2. foreglow or afterglow

Readings

• Go-on: げ (ge)
• Kan-on: か (ka)
• Kun: かすみ (kasumi, 霞); かすむ (kasumu, 霞む)

Compounds

Compounds

• 雲(うん)霞(か) (unka)
• 煙(えん)霞(か), 烟(えん)霞(か) (enka)
• 春(しゅん)霞(か) (shunka)
• 朝(ちょう)霞(か) (chōka)
• 晩(ばん)霞(か) (banka)
• 朝(あさ)霞(か) (Asaka)

Etymology

⟨kasumi₁⟩ → /kasumʲi/ → /kasumi/

From Old Japanese.

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb 霞む (kasumu, “to be hazy”).

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) かすみ [kàsúmí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠sɨᵝmʲi]

Noun

霞(かすみ) • (kasumi) 

1. mist, haze
   • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki [2]

     晨霞 音計以反, 可須美

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (by extension) dimness of sight
3. a foreglow or afterglow
4. (colloquial) an alcoholic beverage

   Synonym: 酒 (sake)

5. steam that comes out from heating sake or vinegar
6. a cloud-shaped figure used to display a scene transition
7. Short for 霞網 (kasumiami): a fowling net
8. Short for 霞割り (kasumiwari): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Usage notes

• The "mist" sense is never used in a meteorological sense, where it is referred to as 靄 (moya).
• Around the Heian period, spring mists were referred to as kasumi while in autumn they were called 霧 (kiri, literally “fog”); there was no distinction in both seasons in literature before that era as they were used interchangeably.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 霞(かす)網(みあみ) (kasumiami)
• 霞(かすみ)ヶ丘(おか) (Kasumigaoka)
• 霞(かすみ)が関(せき), 霞(かすみ)ヶ関(せき) (Kasumigaseki)
• 霞(かすみ)割(わ)り (kasumiwari)
• 朝(あさ)霞(がすみ) (asagasumi)
• 薄(うす)霞(がすみ) (usugasumi)
• 上(うわ)霞(がすみ) (uwagasumi)
• 雲(くも)霞(かすみ) (kumokasumi)
• すやり霞(がすみ) (suyarigasumi)
• 丁(ちょう)子(じ)霞(がすみ) (chōjigasumi)
• 遠(とお)霞(がすみ) (tōgasumi)
• 夏(なつ)霞(がすみ) (natsugasumi)
• 涙(なみだ)霞(がすみ) (namidagasumi)
• 初(はつ)霞(がすみ) (hatsugasumi)
• 花(はな)霞(がすみ) (hanagasumi)
• 春(はる)霞(がすみ) (harugasumi)
• 冬(ふゆ)霞(がすみ) (fuyugasumi)
• 群(むら)霞(がすみ), 叢(むら)霞(がすみ) (muragasumi)
• 八(や)重(え)霞(がすみ) (yaegasumi)
• 夕(ゆう)霞(がすみ) (yūgasumi)
• 横(よこ)霞(がすみ) (yokogasumi)

Idioms

• 霞(かすみ)に千(ち)鳥(どり) (kasumi ni chidori)
• 霞(かすみ)を食(く)う (kasumi o kuu)

See also

• 靄(もや) (moya)
• 霧(きり) (kiri, “fog”)

Proper noun

霞(かすみ) • (Kasumi) 

1. Short for 霞が関 (Kasumigaseki): a district in Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo
2. a female given name
3. a surname

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 霞 (MC ɦˠa). Recorded as Middle Korean 하 (ha) (Yale: ha) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource霞 (eumhun 노을 하 (no'eul ha))

1. Hanja form^? of 하 (“the light and clouds at sunrise and sunset; mist; rosy clouds”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 경하 (輕霞, gyeongha)
• 운하 (雲霞, unha)
• 연하 (煙霞, yeonha)
• 하석 (霞石, haseok)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

霞: Hán Nôm readings: hà

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.