霙

霙

霙 U+9719, 霙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9719 ← 霘 [U+9718] CJK Unified Ideographs 霚 → [U+971A]

Translingual

Han character

霙 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一月廿中大 (MBTLK), four-corner 1053₀, composition ⿱雨英)

1. sleet

References

• KangXi: page 1376, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42350
• Dae Jaweon: page 1885, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4066, character 13
• Unihan data for U+9719

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Chinese

trad.		霙
simp. #		霙

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (央) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鴦	*qaːŋ, *qaŋ
佒	*qaːŋ
咉	*qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ
眏	*qaːŋ
姎	*qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ
坱	*qaːŋʔ
映	*qaːŋʔ, *qraŋs
泱	*qaːŋʔ, *qaŋ
盎	*qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs
駚	*qaːŋʔ, *qaŋʔ
軮	*qaːŋʔ
醠	*qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs
央	*qaŋ
秧	*qaŋ, *qaŋʔ
殃	*qaŋ
鞅	*qaŋ, *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs
鉠	*qaŋ, *qraŋ
雵	*qaŋ
胦	*qaŋ, *qroːŋ
柍	*qaŋʔ
詇	*qaŋʔ, *qaŋs, *qraŋs
岟	*qaŋʔ
炴	*qaŋʔ
怏	*qaŋʔ, *qaŋs
紻	*qaŋʔ
英	*qraŋ
瑛	*qraŋ
霙	*qraŋ
韺	*qraŋ
媖	*qraŋ
渶	*qraŋ
鶧	*qraŋ
楧	*qraŋ
暎	*qraŋs

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT).

Insides Sinitic, 霙 (OC *ʔraŋ) is cognate with 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) "heavy snowfall", 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ) & 凌 (OC *[r]əŋ ~ p.rəŋ) (both meaning "ice"), & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) "to congeal" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014);

Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yīng (ying¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jing¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ying
    • Wade–Giles: ying¹
    • Yale: yīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
    • Palladius: ин (in)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jing¹
    • Yale: yīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jing¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ying¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʔɨɐŋ/, /ʔˠiæŋ/

Rime
Character	霙	霙
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於良切	於驚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨɐŋ/	/ʔˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiɐŋ/	/ʔᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiɑŋ/	/ʔiaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɨaŋ/	/ʔiajŋ/
Li Rong	/ʔiaŋ/	/ʔiɐŋ/
Wang Li	/ĭaŋ/	/ĭɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯aŋ/	/ʔi̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yāng	yīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joeng1	jing1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qraŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	霙
Reading #	1/1
No.	14512
Phonetic component	央
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	霙
Old Chinese	/*qraŋ/
Notes	見韓詩外傳

Definitions

霙

1. snowflake

   • 凡草木花多五出，雪花獨六出，雪花曰霙。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     凡草木花多五出，雪花独六出，雪花曰霙。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Taiping Yulan (Readings of the Taiping Era), 977 – 983 CE

     Fán cǎomù huā duō wǔ chū, xuěhuā dú liù chū, xuěhuā yuē yīng [Pinyin]

     Ordinarily, most plants' flowers have five petals; only snow flowers have six petals. Snow flowers are called snowflakes.

   • 晚雨纖纖變玉霙 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     晚雨纤纤变玉霙 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 蘇軾 Su Shi,《雪夜独宿柏仙庵》"Staying Alone in the Cypress Immortal Hermitage during a Snowy Night"

     Wǎnyǔ xiānxiān biàn yùyīng [Pinyin]

     The evening raindrops, fine and graceful, become jade-like snowflakes

2. sleet

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Japanese

Kanji

霙

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• On (unclassified): えい (ei); よう (yō)
• Kun: みぞれ (mizore, 霙)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
霙
みぞれ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) みぞれ [mìzóré] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [mʲizo̞ɾe̞]

Noun

霙(みぞれ) • (mizore) 

1. sleet

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja

霙 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale eyng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.