電車

電車

See also: 电车

Chinese

		electric; electricity; electrical	vehicle on land; car; machine vehicle on land; car; machine; to shape with a lathe
trad. (電車)		電	車
simp. (电车)		电	车

電車 (1)

電車 (2)

Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 電車 (でんしゃ) (densha, “tram”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): diànchē

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄔㄜ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): din⁶ ce¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thien-chhâ
• Min Nan (POJ): tiān-chhia

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: diànchē
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄔㄜ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diannche
    • Tongyong Pinyin: diànche
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tjɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: din⁶ ce¹
    • Yale: dihn chē
    • Cantonese Pinyin: din⁶ tse¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: din⁶ cé¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiːn²² t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thien-chhâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: tien ca´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tian⁴ ca¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en⁵⁵ t͡sʰa²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiān-chhia
    • Tâi-lô: tiān-tshia
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diexnchiaf
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiɛn²²⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰia⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² t͡ɕʰia³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɛn²²⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰia⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ t͡ɕʰia⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɛn³³⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰia⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /den^H  t͡ɕʰia/▼

Rime
Character	電	車
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	堂練切	尺遮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/denH/	/t͡ɕʰia/
Pan Wuyun	/denH/	/t͡ɕʰia/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛnH/	/t͡ɕʰia/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛnH/	/cʰia/
Li Rong	/denH/	/t͡ɕʰia/
Wang Li	/dienH/	/t͡ɕʰĭa/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱienH/	/t͡ɕʰi̯a/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	diàn	chē

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤi[n]-s  [t.qʰ](r)A/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'iːns  kʰlja/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	電	車
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	diàn	chē
Middle Chinese	‹ denH ›	‹ tsyhæ ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁi[n]-s/	/*[t.qʰ](r)A/
English	lightning	chariot
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	電	車
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	11233	1311
Phonetic component	申	車
Rime group	眞	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	電	車
Old Chinese	/*l'iːns/	/*kʰlja/

Noun

電車

1. tram; streetcar
2. (Taiwan) electric multiple unit train
3. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, dated) automobile; motor car; sedan
4. (literary) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

   輜車騎寇。一名電車，兵法謂之電擊。 [MSC, trad.]
   辎车骑寇。一名电车，兵法谓之电击。 [MSC, simp.]

   From: 《六韜•軍用》

   Zīchē qíkòu. Yīmíng diànchē, bīngfǎ wèi zhī diànjī. [Pinyin]

   (please add an English translation of this example)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 汽車 (“car, motor vehicle”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		汽車
Mandarin	Beijing	汽車
	Taiwan	汽車
	Jinan	汽車
	Xi'an	汽車
	Wuhan	汽車
	Chengdu	汽車
	Yangzhou	汽車
	Hefei	汽車
Cantonese	Guangzhou	汽車, 車
	Hong Kong	汽車, 車
	Taishan	汽車
	Yangjiang	汽車
Gan	Nanchang	汽車
Hakka	Meixian	汽車
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	汽車, 自動車
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	汽車, 自動車
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	汽車, 自動車
	Dongshi (Dabu)	汽車, 自動車
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	汽車, 自動車
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	汽車, 自動車
Jin	Taiyuan	汽車
Min Bei	Jian'ou	汽車
Min Dong	Fuzhou	汽車
Min Nan	Xiamen	汽車, 風車, 大車, 電車 dated
	Quanzhou	汽車, 風車, 大車
	Zhangzhou	汽車, 大車, 電車 dated
	Taipei	自動車
	Kaohsiung	自動車, 動車
	Tainan	自動車
	Taichung	汽車, 自動車
	Hsinchu	自動車
	Lukang	自動車
	Sanxia	自動車
	Yilan	自動車
	Kinmen	汽車
	Magong	自動車, 汽車
	Penang	車
	Singapore	風車
	Philippines (Manila)	風車
	Chaozhou	汽車, 羅里
Wu	Suzhou	汽車
	Wenzhou	汽車
Xiang	Changsha	汽車
	Shuangfeng	汽車

Derived terms

單軌引導電車／单轨引导电车 懸空電車／悬空电车

有軌電車／有轨电车 (yǒuguǐdiànchē) 無軌電車／无轨电车 (wúguǐ diànchē)

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Japanese

電車 (densha): an electric multiple unit train.

Etymology

Kanji in this term
電	車
でん Grade: 2	しゃ Grade: 1
on’yomi

電 (den, “electric”) +‎ 車 (sha, “vehicle”)

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
  • (Tokyo) でんしゃ [dèńshá] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • (Tokyo) で​んしゃ [déꜜǹshà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
  • IPA^(key): [dẽ̞ɰ̃ɕa̠]

  • Audio

    (file)

• Audio 2

  (file)

Noun

電車 (hiragana でんしゃ, rōmaji densha)

1. an electric multiple unit train

Derived terms

• 電車賃 (でんしゃちん) (denshachin): tram-fare, railroad fare
• 電車運転士 (でんしゃうんてんし) (densha untenshi): train driver

• 満員電車 (まんいんでんしゃ) (man'in densha): full-crowded train

Descendants

• Chinese: 電車／电车 (diànchē)
• Korean: 전차 (jeoncha)

References

• 2000, Jonathan Bunt, Gillian Hall, The Oxford Starter Japanese Dictionary, First Edition, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja in this term
電	車

Noun

電車 • (jeoncha) (hangeul 전차)

1. Hanja form^? of 전차 (“streetcar, trolley, tram”).