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单词
释义

See also: 𩁿
U+96EA, 雪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96EA

[U+96E9]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+96EB]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 173, +3, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一月尸一 (MBSM), four-corner 10177 or 10174, composition雨彐(GJ) or ⿱コ一(HTK))

Derived characters

  • 𠽌, 𡐅, 𡠭, 𢳬, 膤, 樰, 𬎅, 𫟀, 𫃽, 艝, 轌, 鱈(鳕), 𠞯, 𫕣, 𬝹, 𤍱

References

  • KangXi: page 1371, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42216
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1878, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4058, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+96EA

Chinese

trad.
simp. #
2nd round simp.𫜹
alternative forms ancient
⿱⻗慧

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
ShangShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts

Ancient simplification of , which is in turn phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sqʰʷed) : semantic + phonetic (OC *sɢʷeds, *ɢʷeds, *sɢʷids).

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) considers this to be related to Kra-Dai words: Proto-Tai *hnəiᴬ¹ (snow), Proto-Kam-Sui *ʔnuːi¹ (snow).

Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suăt (snow), comparing this with Tibetan སད (sad, frost, cold air, cold, coldness), but this connection may be unlikely considering the phonetic part of this character.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): xuě (xue3)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˇ
    (Chengdu, SP): xue2
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щүә (xüə, I)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): syut3
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhut2
  • Gan (Wiktionary): xyot6
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): siet
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xiêd5
  • Jin (Wiktionary): xyeh4
  • Min Bei (KCR): sṳĕ
  • Min Dong (BUC): siók
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): seh / serh / soat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): soh4
  • Wu (Wiktionary): xiq (T4)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): sie6

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: xuě
      • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: syuě
      • Wade–Giles: hsüeh3
      • Yale: sywě
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheue
      • Palladius: сюэ (sjue)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕɥɛ²¹⁴/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: xue2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xye
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕye²¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щүә (xüə, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕyə²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: syut3
      • Yale: syut
      • Cantonese Pinyin: syt8
      • Guangdong Romanization: xud3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʃyːt̚³/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: lhut2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɬut̚⁵⁵/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: xyot6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕyɵt̚⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siet
      • Hakka Romanization System: xied`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: xiad5
      • Sinological IPA: /ɕi̯et̚²/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: xiêd5
      • Sinological IPA: /ɕiɛt̚¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: xyeh4
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕyəʔ²/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳĕ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /syɛ²⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: siók
      • Sinological IPA (key): /suɔʔ²⁴/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Singapore)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seh
      • Tâi-lô: seh
      • Phofsit Daibuun: seq
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Singapore): /seʔ³²/
      • IPA (Yilan): /seʔ²/
      • IPA (Jinjiang): /seʔ⁵/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: serh
      • Tâi-lô: serh
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /səʔ⁵/
      • IPA (Kinmen, Singapore): /səʔ³²/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soat
      • Tâi-lô: suat
      • Phofsit Daibuun: soad
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /suat̚⁵/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suat̚³²/
Note:
  • serh/seh - vernacular;
  • soat - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: soh4
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: soh
      • Sinological IPA (key): /soʔ²/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: xiq (T4)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: sie6
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /sie̞²⁴/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /ɕie̞²⁴/

  • Middle Chinese: /siuᴇt̚/
Rime
Character
Reading #1/1
Initial () (16)
Final () (82)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division ()III
Fanqie相絕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/siuᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/sʷiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/sjuæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/swiat̚/
Li
Rong
/siuɛt̚/
Wang
Li
/sĭuɛt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/si̯wɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xue
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
syut3
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ot/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰʷed/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xuě
Middle
Chinese
‹ sjwet ›
Old
Chinese
/*[s]ot/
Englishsnow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/1
No.5477
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sqʰʷed/

Definitions

  1. snow
       xiàxuě   to snow
  2. to snow
    • 晚來天欲,能飲一杯無? [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      晚来天欲,能饮一杯无? [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: 白居易《問劉十九》
      Wǎn lái tiān yù xuě, néng yǐn yī bēi wú? [Pinyin]
      Night comes and the sky seems like it might snow; could you drink a cup?
  3. to wipe away; to clean
    • 朝食後,告辭天只前,則教「以好赴,大國辱。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      朝食后,告辞天只前,则教“以好赴,大国辱。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: 1594, 李舜臣 (Yi Sun-sin), 《亂中日記》 (War Diary of Admiral Yi)
      Zhāoshí hòu, gàocí tiānzhǐ qián, zé jiào “yǐ hǎo fù, dà xuě guórǔ.” [Pinyin]
      After the morning meal, I said my farewells to Mother. Then she instructed me: "Go well; fully cleanse [the country of this] national humiliation."
  4. (dialectal) ice; product containing ice
  5. (Cantonese) to refrigerate; to store in the refrigerator
  6. (Malaysia, Singapore) Short for 雪蘭莪雪兰莪 (Xuělán'é, “Selangor”).

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Korean: 설(雪) (seol)
  • Vietnamese: tuyết ()

Others:

  • Zhuang: siet

References

  • Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04469
  • ”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014

Japanese

Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1]

󠄁
+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. snow
  2. white as snow
  3. cleanse

Readings

  • Go-on: せち (sechi)
  • Kan-on: せつ (setsu, Jōyō)
  • Kun: ゆき (yuki, , Jōyō); すすぐ (susugu, 雪ぐ); そそぐ (sosogu, 雪ぐ)
  • Nanori: きよ (kiyo); きよみ (kiyomi); きよむ (kiyomu); (se); そそぐ (sosogu); ぶき (buki); まよむ (mayomu); ゆき (yuki)

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
ゆき
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
【ゆき】
[noun] snow
[noun] something white as snow
[noun] white hair
[noun] shaved ice
[noun] small pieces of paper used to imitate snow
[noun] (archaic women's speech) a turnip or daikon
[noun] (archaic women's speech) Abbreviation of (tara): a codfish
[noun] a 家紋 (kamon, family crest) with various designs of snowflakes
[noun] This term needs a translation to English.
[proper noun] This term needs a translation to English.
[proper noun] a female given name
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

  1. 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 2270 (paper), page 1187 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC siuᴇt̚).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᄉᆑᇙ〮 (Yale: syyélq)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527눈〯 (Yale: nwǔn)셜〮 (Yale: syél)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰʌ̹ɭ]
  • Phonetic hangul: []

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun 눈 설 (nun seol))

  1. Hanja form? of (snow). [affix]

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Okinawan

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. hail
  2. snow

Readings

  • Kun: ゆち (yuchi, )

Etymology

Kanji in this term
ゆち
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Cognate with Japanese (yuki, snow).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [jut͡ɕi]

Noun

(hiragana ゆち, rōmaji yuchi)

  1. hail
  2. snow

References

  • ゆち【雪】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Reconstructed by some as deriving from Proto-Japonic *yoki.

Noun

(yuki1) (kana ゆき)

  1. snow
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 822), text here
      和何則能尓 宇米能波奈知流 比佐可多能 阿米欲里由吉能 那何列久流加母
      wa ga so2no2 ni ume2 no2 pana tiru pi1sakata no2 ame2 yo1ri yuki1 no2 nagarekuru ka mo
      In my garden, the plum blossoms fall, as if snow were streaming down from the [eternal?] heavens.
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Japanese: (yuki)
See also
  • 白妙の, 白栲の (siro1tape2 no2, pillow word that can allude to yuki1)

Etymology 2

Found once in the Man'yōshū in a so-called 東歌 (Azuma uta, literally eastern song) in the eastern dialect of Old Japanese.

Probably a misspelling of original ⟨yo1ki1, given the Western and modern reflexes. Compare (yo1 → yu, night).

Noun

(yo2ki1) (kana よき)

  1. (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) snow
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3423), text here
      可美都氣努 伊可抱乃祢呂尓 布路与伎能 遊吉須宜可提奴 伊毛賀伊敝乃安多里
      Kami1tuke2no1 Ikapo no2 nero2 ni puro1 yo2ki1 no2 yuki1sugi2katenu imo ga ipe1 no2 atari
      Like in Kamitsukeno, on the peak of Ikaho, the falling snow: impassible, near my girl's house

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: tuyết[1][2][3][4][5][6]

  1. chữ Hán form of tuyết (snow).

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Trần (2004).
  3. Trần (1999).
  4. Vũ (1998).
  5. Nguyễn (1974).
  6. Thiều Chửu (1942).
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