難読

難読

See also: 難讀

Japanese

Kanji in this term
難	読
なん Grade: 6	どく Grade: 2
goon

Alternative spelling
難讀 (kyūjitai)

Examples (nandoku kanji)
英吉利(イギリス) (Igirisu, “Great Britain”) 鰈(カレイ) (karei, “flounder”) 海象(セイウチ) (seiuchi, “walrus”) 窒扶斯(チフス) (chifusu, “typhus”) 雪崩(なだれ) (nadare, “avalanche”) 凡例(はんれい) (hanrei, “map legend, notes”) 纏(まと)める (matomeru, “collect, summarize”) 耶蘇(ヤソ) (Yaso, “Jesus Christ → Christianity”) 蝋燭(ろうそく) (rōsoku, “candle”) 山葵(わさび) (wasabi, “wasabi”)

Etymology

From Middle Chinese elements 難 (nan, “difficult, hard”) +‎ 読 (doku, “reading”).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) なんどく [nàńdókú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [nã̠ndo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

難(なん)読(どく) • (nandoku)  (kyūjitai 難讀)

1. difficult to read (characters or letters, for example)

Derived terms

• 難読(なんどく)化(か) (nandoku-ka, “obfuscation”)
• 難読(なんどく)症(しょう) (nandoku-shō, “dyslexia”)

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN