離
See also: 离 and ☲
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Translingual
Han character
離 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+10, 18 strokes, cangjie input 卜月人土 (YBOG), four-corner 00414, composition ⿰离隹)
Derived characters
- 㒧 囄 攡 灕(漓) 㰚 䙰
- 蘺(蓠) 㒿 䍦(䍠) 籬(篱)
References
- KangXi: page 1369, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42140
- Dae Jaweon: page 1875, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4106, character 2
- Unihan data for U+96E2
- Unihan data for U+F9EA
Chinese
| trad. | 離 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 离* | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (离) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 謧 | *reːl, *rel |
| 璃 | *reːl, *rel |
| 離 | *reːls, *rel, *rels |
| 縭 | *rel |
| 离 | *rel, *r̥ʰel |
| 醨 | *rel |
| 樆 | *rel |
| 褵 | *rel |
| 漓 | *rel |
| 黐 | *rel, *r̥ʰel |
| 籬 | *rel |
| 灕 | *rel |
| 蘺 | *rel |
| 攡 | *rel |
| 魑 | *r̥ʰel |
| 螭 | *r̥ʰel |
| 摛 | *r̥ʰel |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːls, *rel, *rels) : phonetic 离 (OC *rel, *r̥ʰel) + semantic 隹 (“bird”) – black-naped oriole (Oriolus chinensis). This sense is preserved in the compound 離黃.
Phonetically borrowed for the sense "to depart".
The 3rd trigram, formed of ⚊ over ⚋ and ⚊
The 30th hexagram, formed of ☲ and ☲
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
離
- to leave; to depart
- to go away
- to separate
- (colloquial) to divorce
- away from
- ☲, the 3rd of the 8 trigrams
- ䷝, the 30th of the 64 I Ching hexagrams
- † Alternative form of 罹 (lí, “to suffer; to be hit with; to encounter”).
- † Alternative form of 縭／缡 (lí).
- a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 離婚 (“to divorce”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 離婚, 離異 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 離婚, 散 |
| Taiwan | 離婚 | |
| Tianjin | 離婚, 散 | |
| Chengde | 離婚 | |
| Tangshan | 離婚, 散夥 | |
| Cangzhou | 離婚, 散 | |
| Baoding | 離婚, 散 | |
| Shijiazhuang | 離婚 | |
| Chifeng | 離婚 | |
| Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 離婚, 打八刀 | |
| Heihe | 離婚, 打八刀 | |
| Qiqihar | 離婚, 打八刀 | |
| Harbin | 離婚, 打八刀 | |
| Jiamusi | 離婚, 打八刀 | |
| Baicheng | 離婚, 打八刀 | |
| Changchun | 離婚, 打八刀 | |
| Tonghua | 離婚, 打八刀 | |
| Shenyang | 離婚, 跳槽 | |
| Dandong | 離婚, 打八刀 | |
| Jinzhou | 離婚, 八刀 | |
| Dalian | 離婚 | |
| Yantai | 離婚 | |
| Qingdao | 離婚 | |
| Lijin | 離婚 | |
| Zhucheng | 離婚 | |
| Jinan | 離婚 | |
| Jining | 離婚 | |
| Wanrong | 離婚 | |
| Shangqiu | 離婚 | |
| Yuanyang | 離婚 | |
| Zhengzhou | 離婚 | |
| Lingbao | 離婚 | |
| Xinyang | 離婚 | |
| Baihe | 離婚, 散 | |
| Hanzhong | 離婚 | |
| Xi'an | 離婚 | |
| Baoji | 離婚, 散夥 | |
| Yinchuan | 離婚 | |
| Tianshui | 離婚 | |
| Lanzhou | 離婚 | |
| Dunhuang | 離婚 | |
| Xining | 離婚 | |
| Hami | 離婚 | |
| Ürümqi | 離婚 | |
| Wuhan | 離婚, 脫離 dated, 打脫離 dated | |
| Yichang | 離婚, 拆婚 | |
| Xiangyang | 離婚 | |
| Tianmen | 離婚, 散, 打脫離 | |
| Hong'an | 離婚, 打脫離 | |
| Chengdu | 離婚, 打脫離 | |
| Nanchong | 離婚 | |
| Dazhou | 退婚, 退親 | |
| Hanyuan | 離婚, 散 | |
| Xichang | 離婚 | |
| Zigong | 離婚, 打脫離 | |
| Chongqing | 離婚, 打脫離 | |
| Guiyang | 離婚 | |
| Zunyi | 離婚 | |
| Bijie | 離婚 | |
| Liping | 離婚 | |
| Zhaotong | 離婚 | |
| Dali | 離婚 | |
| Kunming | 離婚 | |
| Mengzi | 離婚 | |
| Guilin | 離婚 | |
| Liuzhou | 離婚 | |
| Jishou | 離婚 | |
| Changde | 脫離 | |
| Anqing | 離婚, 打離婚 | |
| Xuzhou | 離婚, 離 | |
| Fuyang | 離婚 | |
| Wuhu | 離婚, 打離婚 | |
| Yangzhou | 離婚 | |
| Lianyungang | 離婚, 離 | |
| Lianshui | 離婚 | |
| Nanjing | 離婚, 離 | |
| Hefei | 離婚 | |
| Nantong | 離婚 | |
| Singapore | 離婚 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 離婚 |
| Hong Kong | 離婚 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 離婚, 離 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 打離婚 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 離婚 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 離婚, 離 |
| Yangyuan | 離婚 | |
| Datong | 離婚, 離 | |
| Xinzhou | 離婚 | |
| Lishi | 離婚 | |
| Linfen | 離婚 | |
| Changzhi | 離婚 | |
| Linhe | 離婚 | |
| Jining | 離婚 | |
| Hohhot | 離婚 | |
| Erenhot | 離婚 | |
| Pingshan | 離婚 | |
| Zhangjiakou | 離婚 | |
| Handan | 離婚, 散 | |
| Linzhou | 離婚 | |
| Suide | 離婚 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 離婚, 離緣 |
| Quanzhou | 離婚 | |
| Zhangzhou | 離婚 | |
| Tainan | 離婚, 離緣 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 離婚, 相煞 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 離婚 |
| Suzhou | 離婚, 離 | |
| Hangzhou | 離婚, 離 | |
| Ningbo | 離婚 | |
Compounds
Derived terms from 離
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References
- “離”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
離
- Used in 離支／离支 (lìzhī, “lychee”).
- (obsolete) to reject; to discard
Pronunciation 3
Definitions
離
- Alternative form of 麗／丽 (lì, “to adhere; to attach to”).
Pronunciation 4
Definitions
離
- Only used in 離跂／离跂.
Pronunciation 5
Definitions
離
- Alternative form of 螭 (chī, “a kind of dragon”).
- Alternative form of 离 (chī, “a kind of legendary beast”).
Pronunciation 6
Definitions
離
- Only used in 離瞀／离瞀.
Japanese
Kanji
離
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
- separate, detach, digress
Readings
- Go-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
- Kun: はなれる (hanareru, 離れる, Jōyō); はなす (hanasu, 離す, Jōyō); つく (tsuku, 離く)
Compounds
- 乖離 (kairi)
- 距離 (kyori): distance
- 不即不離 (fusokufuri)
- 分離 (bunri): isolation
- 離間 (rikan)
- 離婚 (rikon): divorce
- 離脱 (ridatsu)
- 離別 (ribetsu): separation
- 幽体離脱 (yūtai ridatsu): out-of-body experience
- 体外離脱 (taigai ridatsu): out-of-body experience
Korean
Yakja (略字, simplified form) of 離.
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 離 (MC liᴇ, liᴇH). Recorded as Middle Korean 리 (li) (Yale: li) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
- (initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
- (non-initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɾi]
- Phonetic hangul: [리]
Hanja
Wikisource離 (eumhun 떠날 리 (tteonal ri), South Korea 떠날 이 (tteonal i))
- Hanja form? of 리/이 (“to leave”).
- Hanja form? of 리/이 (“separation; departure”).
- Hanja form? of 리/이 (“division”).
Compounds
Compounds
- 거리 (距離, geori, “distance”)
- 괴리 (乖離, goeri, “estrangement”)
- 분리 (分離, bulli, “separation”)
- 이탈 (離脫, ital, “breakaway”)
- 격리 (隔離, gyeongni, “isolation”)
- 이륙 (離陸, iryuk, “take off”)
- 이직 (離職, ijik, “move one's job”)
- 이산 (離散, isan, “dispersion”)
- 이혼 (離婚, ihon, “divorce”)
- 이별 (離別, ibyeol, “farewell, parting”)
- 난리 (亂離, nalli, “fuss, mess, panic”)
- 이간질 (離間질, iganjil, “to come between, alienate something from others”)
- 사거리 (射距離, sageori, “range (of a weapon)”)
- 가시거리 (可視距離, gasigeori, “visibility”)
Etymology 2
Related to Middle Chinese 螭 / 离 (MC ʈʰˠiᴇ).
Hanja
離 (eumhun 교룡(蛟龍) 치 (gyoryong chi))
離 (eumhun 맹수(猛獸) 치 (maengsu chi))
- (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 螭 (“Hanja form? of 치 (“a kind of dragon”).”)
- (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 离 (“Hanja form? of 치 (“a kind of legendary beast”).”)
Etymology 3
Related to Middle Chinese 麗 / 儷 (MC leiH).
Hanja
離 (eumhun 붙을 려 (buteul ryeo), South Korea 붙을 여 (buteul yeo))
離 (eumhun 나란히 할 려 (naranhi hal ryeo), South Korea 나란히 할 여 (naranhi hal yeo))
- (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 麗 (“Hanja form? of 려/여 (“to adhere”).”)
- (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 儷 (“Hanja form? of 려/여 (“in pair”).”)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
離: Hán Nôm readings: li, ly, le, lè, lì, lìa, lia
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References
- Nom Foundation