雛

雛

See also: 雏

雛 U+96DB, 雛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96DB ← 雚 [U+96DA] CJK Unified Ideographs 雜 → [U+96DC]

Translingual

Han character

雛 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+10, 18 strokes, cangjie input 心山人土 (PUOG), four-corner 2041₄, composition ⿰芻隹)

References

• KangXi: page 1368, character 39
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42121
• Dae Jaweon: page 1874, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4105, character 6
• Unihan data for U+96DB

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Chinese

trad.		雛
simp.		雏
alternative forms		鶵／𬸅 𨿉 𪀫 𪀩 𨿊

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 雛
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (芻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
煼	*sʰroːʔ
謅	*sʰroːʔ, *ʔsru, *sʰru
縐	*sʰroːs, *ʔsrus
鄒	*ʔsru
騶	*ʔsru
搊	*ʔsruʔ, *sʰru, *ʔsro
皺	*ʔsrus
篘	*sʰru
㑳	*zrus, *ʔsro, *rnuːb
趍	*sʰlo, *l'al
趨	*sʰlo
芻	*sʰro
犓	*sʰro
雛	*zro
鶵	*zro
媰	*zro
齺	*zroːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zro) : phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro) + semantic 隹 (“bird”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chú (chu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): co⁴, co¹
• Min Nan (POJ): chô͘ / chhô͘ / chhi / chhû / sû

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chú
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chú
    • Wade–Giles: chʻu²
    • Yale: chú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwu
    • Palladius: чу (ču)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: co⁴, co¹
    • Yale: chòh, chō
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tso⁴, tso¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: co⁴, co¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔː²¹/, /t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chô͘
    • Tâi-lô: tsôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoo
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sɔ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhô͘
    • Tâi-lô: tshôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhoo
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhi
    • Tâi-lô: tshi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhû
    • Tâi-lô: tshû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhuu
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sû
    • Tâi-lô: sû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: suu
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /su²⁴/

Note: chhû/sû - vernacular (俗).

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• Middle Chinese: /d͡ʒɨo/

Rime
Character	雛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	仕于切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐio/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐuə̆/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒio/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	co4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*zro/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	雛
Reading #	1/1
No.	1609
Phonetic component	芻
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	䅳
Old Chinese	/*zro/

Definitions

雛

1. chick; fledgling

   • 是月也，天子乃以雛嘗黍，羞以含桃，先薦寢廟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     是月也，天子乃以雏尝黍，羞以含桃，先荐寝庙。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Shìyuè yě, tiānzǐ nǎi yǐ chú cháng shǔ, xiū yǐ hán táo, xiān jiàn qǐnmiào. [Pinyin]

     In this month, the Son of Heaven partakes of millet along with pullets, and with cherries set forth beside them, first offering a portion in the apartment behind the ancestral temple.

2. infant; toddler
3. young; small
4. Used in 鵷雛／鹓雏.

Compounds

伏龍鳳雛／伏龙凤雏 孤雛淚／孤雏泪 孤雛腐鼠／孤雏腐鼠 將雛／将雏 小雛兒／小雏儿 (xiǎochúr) 雛兒／雏儿 雛型／雏型 (chúxíng)

雛妓／雏妓 (chújì) 雛形／雏形 (chúxíng) 雛燕／雏燕 雛菊／雏菊 (chújú) 雛雞／雏鸡 (chújī) 雛鳥／雏鸟 (chúniǎo) 雛鳳／雏凤

鳳雛／凤雏 鳳雛麟子／凤雏麟子 鵷雛／鹓雏 鸞鳳雛／鸾凤雏 麟子鳳雛／麟子凤雏 龍駒鳳雛／龙驹凤雏

References

• “雛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

雛

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 鶵)

Readings

• Go-on: じゅ (ju)
• Kan-on: す (su)
• Kan’yō-on: すう (sū)
• Kun: ひな (hina, 雛); ひいな (hīna, 雛); ひよこ (hiyoko, 雛); ひよっこ (hiyokko, 雛)

Etymology 1

雛 (hina, hīna): Emperor and Empress hina dolls, in front of gold screens. The optional lampstands are also partially visible.

Kanji in this term
雛
ひな Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

*/pina/ → /fina/ → /hina/

Appears to be from Old Japanese. The derivative form hiwina (later hīna) appears in The Tale of Genji, dated to before 1021.[1]

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) ひ​な [híꜜnà] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [çina̠]

Noun

雛(ひな) • (hina) 

1. a type of small doll, typically standing upright in the Heian period, changing style to a seated posture in the Muromachi period
2. short for 雛祭り (Hina matsuri)
3. a chick, a young bird: see the reading hiyoko below

Prefix

雛(ひな) • (hina-) 

1. diminutive prefix, carrying favorable connotations such as a sense of cuteness

Compounds

Compounds using 雛 (hina)

• 雛遊び, 雛遊 (ひなあそび, ​hina asobi): playing with hina dolls
• 雛霰 (ひなあられ, ​hina arare): a type of 霰 (arare, “tiny rice crackers”) given as an offering to the hina dolls on Hina matsuri
• 雛合わせ, 雛合 (ひなあわせ, ​hina awase): a visit to play with hina dolls; particularly, such a visit on Hina matsuri
• 雛市 (ひないち, ​hinaichi): a market selling hina dolls and accoutrements for Hina matsuri
• 雛会 (ひなえ, ​Hinae): alternate name for Hina matsuri
• 雛送り, 雛送 (ひなおくり, ​hinaokuri): alternate for 雛流し (​hinanagashi): see below
• 雛男 (ひなおとこ, ​hina otoko): an elegant and refined man
• 雛菓子 (ひながし, ​hinagashi): sweets given as offerings on the 雛壇 (hina dan, “special tiered display for hina dolls”) at Hina matsuri
• 雛形, 雛型 (ひながた, ​hinagata): a model or miniature; a sample or specimen; the front peak of an 折烏帽子 (ori eboshi, “a tall formal peaked black hat”)
• 雛形尺 (ひながたざし, ​hinagatazashi): a bamboo ruler made to be as long as the width of a bolt of cotton fabric
• 雛蚊屋吊, 雛蚊帳釣 (ひながやつり, ​hinagayatsuri): Cyperus flaccidus, a type of 蚊帳吊草 (kayatsurigusa, “sedge”) native to wet areas in Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū
• 雛鑑定器 (ひなかんていき, ​hina kanteiki): a chicken tester (a device)
• 雛鑑別者 (ひなかんべつしゃ, ​hina kanbetsusha): a chicken sexer (a job)
• 雛桔梗 (ひなぎきょう, ​hinagikyō): a type of bluebell or bellflower of the genus Wahlenbergia
• 雛菊 (ひなぎく, ​hinagiku): Bellis perennis, a daisy
• 雛衣 (ひなぎぬ, ​hinaginu): clothes for a hina doll
• 雛罌粟, 雛芥子 (ひなげし, ​hinageshi): Papaver rhoeas, the common field or red poppy
• 雛事 (ひなごと, ​hinagoto): alternate for 雛遊び (​hina asobi), playing with hina dolls
• 雛尖 (ひなさき, ​hinasaki): the clitoris; the part of an 烏帽子 (​eboshi) just below the front peak that protrudes slightly
• 雛桜 (ひなざくら, ​hinazakura): Primula nipponica, a type of primrose or cowslip, called a "mini cherry blossom" for the shape of its flower
• 雛裁ち, 雛裁 (ひなだち, ​hinadachi): a 一つ身 (​hitotsumi), a short kimono for children up to the age of one or two years old, made from one piece of fabric and without a seam up the back
• 雛壇, 雛段 (ひなだん, ​hina dan): a special tiered display for hina dolls (see image below); a similarly tiered platform for kabuki musicians; the tiered seats for ministers in the Diet
• 雛鶴 (ひなづる, ​hinazuru): a crane chick; a shōgun's or daimyō's daughter
• 雛鳥 (ひなどり, ​hinadori): alternate for hiyoko ("chick"): see also Noun entry below
• 雛流し, 雛流 (ひなながし, ​hinanagashi): letting loose small boats made of paper, ceramic, or other materials and holding hina dolls on rivers or the sea on the night of Hina matsuri
• 雛人形 (ひなにんぎょう, ​hina ningyō): a hina doll: see also Noun entry below
• 雛の臼壺 (ひなのうすつぼ, ​hina no usutsubo):
• 雛の簪 (ひなのかんざし, ​hina no kanzashi): an annual plant of the family Polygalaceae, a type of milkwort
• 雛の錫杖 (ひなのしゃくじょう, ​hina no shakujō): an annual flowering plant of family Burmanniaceae
• 雛の錫杖科 (ひなのしゃくじょうか, ​hina no shakujōka): Burmanniaceae, the botanical name for a family of monocot flowering plants
• 雛の節句 (ひなのせく, ​Hina no Seku): alternate name for Hina matsuri
• 雛の節句 (ひなのせっく, ​Hina no Sekku): alternate name for Hina matsuri
• 雛の使い (ひなのつかい, ​hina no tsukai): in modern Japan, the act of sending relatives a display of outfitted hina dolls for Hina matsuri
• 雛保育器 (ひなほいくき, ​hina hoikuki): a chick incubator
• 雛祭り, 雛祭 (ひなまつり, ​Hina matsuri): Girl's Day, the doll festival
• 雛屋 (ひなや, ​hinaya): a dollhouse for hina dolls; a store selling hina dolls
• 雛欄 (ひならん, ​hina ran): an orchid of the genus Amitostigma, native to East Asia
• 初生雛 (しょせいひな, ​shosei hina): a newly hatched chick that has just started eating
• 後の雛 (のちのひな, ​Nochi no Hina): the counterpart to Hina Matsuri, held on the ninth day of the ninth month in the old lunar calendar
• 初雛 (はつひな, ​hatsu hina): a girl's first springtime seasonal celebration; the hina dolls set out as decoration at such a time

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
雛
ひいな Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

*/pipina/ → */fifina/ → /fiwina/ → /hiːna/

Possibly an alteration of a reduplicated form hinahina.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) ひ​いな [híꜜìnà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [çiːna̠]

Noun

雛(ひいな) • (hīna) ^{←ひひな (fifina)?}

1. (archaic) doll

Usage notes

This reading with the long ī is archaic. In modern Japanese, the shorter reading hina is more common for this sense.

Compounds

Compounds using 雛 (hīna)

• 雛遊び, 雛遊 (ひいなあそび, ​hīna asobi): playing with hina dolls
• 雛合わせ, 雛合 (ひいなあわせ, ​hīna awase): a visit to play with hina dolls; particularly, such a visit on Hina matsuri
• 雛衣 (ひいなぎぬ, ​hīnaginu): clothes for a hina doll
• 雛草 (ひいなぐさ, ​hīnagusa): alternate name for 髢草 (​kamojigusa), a type of wild rye or wheatgrass
• 雛本 (ひいなぼん, ​hīnabon): a type of small children's book in the Edo period used at Hina matsuri and when playing house
• 雛祭り, 雛祭 (ひいなまつり, ​Hīna matsuri): Girl's Day, the doll festival
• 雛屋 (ひいなや, ​hīnaya): a dollhouse for hina dolls; a store selling hina dolls

Etymology 3

雛 (hiyoko): A baby chicken (chick), Gallus gallus domesticus

Kanji in this term
雛
ひよこ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

*/pijoko/ → /fijoko/ → /hijoko/

Compound of ひよ (hiyo, “onomatopoeia for the sound a chick makes”) +‎ 子 (ko, “diminutive suffix”).

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) ひよこ [hìyókó] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [çijo̞ko̞]

Noun

雛(ひよこ) • (hiyoko) 

1. chick, young bird
2. child; youngling, greenhorn

Compounds

Compounds using 雛 (hiyoko)

• 雛豆 (ひよこまめ, ​hiyoko mame): the chickpea or garbanzo bean
• 雛胚 (ひよこはい, ​hiyoko hai): a chick embryo

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
雛
ひよっこ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/hijoko/ → /hijokko/

Alteration of hiyoko above. The geminate kk sound emphasizes the diminutiveness.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) ひよっこ [hìyókkó] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [çijo̞k̚ko̞]

Noun

雛(ひよっこ) • (hiyokko) 

1. a chick, a young bird
2. a child; a youngling, a greenhorn

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
雛
すう Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese. Most reconstructions of the original Middle Chinese reading start with an affricate, so this Japanese reading may have come from a dialect; compare Hakka reading ts'u¹.

Pronunciation

• Kan’yōyomi
• IPA^(key): [sɨᵝː]

Affix

雛(すう) • (sū) 

1. young, new, a greenhorn

Usage notes

Only used in compounds.

Compounds

Compounds using 雛 (sū)

• 雛妓 (すうぎ, ​sūgi): alternate name for a 半玉 (​hangyoku), an apprentice geisha
• 雛僧 (すうそう, ​sūsō): a young monk, a novitiate
• 育雛 (いくすう, ​ikusū): raising chicks
• 臥竜鳳雛 (がりょうほうすう, ​garyō hōsū): a diamond in the rough, an unnoticed greatness
• 伏竜鳳雛 (ふくりょうほうすう, ​fukuryō hōsū): a diamond in the rough, an unnoticed greatness
• 鳳雛 (ほうすう, ​hōsū): a very promising young man, a boy with very high prospects
• 帰趨 (きすう, ​kisū): a return arrival, getting back to one's starting point

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja

雛 (eum 추 (chu))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

雛: Hán Nôm readings: sồ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.