雄

雄	U+96C4, 雄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96C4

← 雃
[U+96C3]

CJK Unified Ideographs

雅 →
[U+96C5]

Translingual

Han character

雄 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 大戈人土 (KIOG), four-corner 4001₄, composition ⿰厷隹)

Derived characters

𨗑, 𩀳

References

KangXi: page 1365, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41972
Dae Jaweon: page 1869, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4093, character 3
Unihan data for U+96C4

Chinese

simp. and trad.		雄
2nd round simp.		厷
alternative forms		䧺

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (厷) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
肱	*kʷɯːŋ
宏	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
閎	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
吰	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
竑	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
谹	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
翃	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
紘	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
鈜	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
浤	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
耾	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
雄	*ɡʷɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡʷɯŋ) : phonetic 厷 (OC *kʷɯːŋ) + semantic 隹.

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gaŋ (“penis, male”) (STEDT), cognate with Karbi chò-kàng (“penis”), Garo ri-gong (“penis”), Lepcha [script needed] (sun̊-gan̊, “penis”), Pattani gàŋ mì (“male”).

However, Zev Handel doubts the Old Chinese word's cognate status, as "OC labialized initial plus schwa vocalism would normally correspond to a rounded vowel in PTB".

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xióng (xiong²)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄥˊ
(Chengdu, SP): xiong²
Cantonese (Jyutping): hung⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hiùng
(Meixian, Guangdong): hiung²
Min Bei (KCR): hê̤ng
Min Dong (BUC): hṳ̀ng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hiông / hêng / hîn
(Teochew, Peng'im): hiong⁵ / hêng⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): hhion (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xióng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syóng
  - Wade–Giles: hsiung²
  - Yale: syúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyong
  - Palladius: сюн (sjun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjʊŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xiong²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xyng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyoŋ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hung⁴
  - Yale: hùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiungˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiung²
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hiung²
  - Sinological IPA: /çiʊŋ¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hê̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xœyŋ³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̀ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiông
  - Tâi-lô: hiông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hioong
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Penang): /hiɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /hiɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng
  - Tâi-lô: hîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: heeng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hîn
  - Tâi-lô: hîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiin
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei): /hin²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hin²³/

Note:

hiông - literary;
hêng/hîn - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiong⁵ / hêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiông / hêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hioŋ⁵⁵/, /heŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

hiong5 - literary;
hêng5 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhion (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦi̯ʊŋ²³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 雄
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕyŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕyŋ²⁴/ /ɕyŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕyŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕyŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕiŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕyuŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕyŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕyə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕyŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕỹn⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕyŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ɕioŋ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕyoŋ³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕioŋ²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiŋ³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕioŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕyəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕyŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕỹŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦioŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦioŋ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦioŋ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/joŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕyʌ̃⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕin⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕioŋ¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕin¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiuŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiuŋ¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hioŋ¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hoŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/huŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/huŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hiɔŋ³⁵/ /hiŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hyŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xœyŋ²¹/ /xœyŋ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hioŋ⁵⁵/ /heŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hiɔŋ³¹/ /hiaŋ³¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɦɨuŋ/

Rime
Character	雄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羽弓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuwŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣiuŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷəŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	雄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xióng
Middle Chinese	‹ hjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷəŋ/
English	male
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	雄
Reading #	1/1
No.	4140
Phonetic component	厷
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	雄
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷɯŋ/

Definitions

雄

(usually of animals) male
雄虎 ― xióng hǔ ― male tiger
雄蕊 ― xióngruǐ ― stamen
- 其在鳥則雄為陽雌為陰；……。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  其在鸟则雄为阳雌为阴；……。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Shuoyuan, circa 1^st century BCE
  Qí zài niǎo zé xióng wèi yáng cí wéi yīn;....... [Pinyin]
  Among birds, males are yang and females are yin; [...].
masculine; powerful; grand
雄兵 ― xióngbīng ― powerful army
雄壯／雄壮 ― xióngzhuàng ― majestic; magnificent
powerful or influential person or state
英雄 ― yīngxióng ― hero
戰國七雄／战国七雄 ― Zhànguó qī xióng ― Seven Warring States
(Hokkien) ruthless; cruel; mean
(Hokkien) intense; rapid
alt. forms: 兇

Usage notes

Commonly used for animals to mean “male” in academic contexts, less commonly used in non-academic contexts (use 公 instead), and not used for humans (use 男 instead). For example:
雄雞／雄鸡 ― xióngjī ― cock
雄牛 ― xióngniú ― bull

Antonyms

雌 (cí, “female”)

Compounds

Derived terms from 雄

一世之雄
七雄
不雌不雄
大雄 (Dàxióng)
得雄
民族英雄 (mínzú yīngxióng)
民雄 (Mínxióng)
沉雄
沉雄古逸
知雄守雌
群雄 (qúnxióng)
英雄 (yīngxióng)
英雄入彀
英雄末路
英雄本色
草莽英雄
象雄 (Xiàngxióng, “Zhangzhung”)
豪雄
雄主
雄俊
雄健 (xióngjiàn)
雄兵 (xióngbīng)
雄厚 (xiónghòu)
雄器
雄大
雄奇 (xióngqí)
雄姿 (xióngzī)
雄威
雄安 (Xióng'ān, “Xiong'an”)
雄峻
雄心 (xióngxīn)
雄心勃勃 (xióngxīnbóbó)
雄性 (xióngxìng)
雄性激素 (xióngxìng jīsù)
雄才大略 (xióngcáidàlüè)
雄文
雄株
雄武
雄狐
雄略
雄精
雄花 (xiónghuā)
雄蕊 (xióngruǐ)
雄藩
雄蜂 (xióngfēng)
雄豪
雄赳赳 (xióngjiūjiū)

雄起 (xióngqǐ)
雄踞 (xióngjù)
雄雄赫赫
雄雉
雄霸一方
雌雄 (cíxióng)
雌雄同株
雌雄莫辨
高雄／髙雄 (Gāoxióng)
高雄港
鬼雄 (guǐxióng)
奸雄 (jiānxióng)
一決雌雄／一决雌雄 (yījuécíxióng)
傲視群雄／傲视群雄
壓倒群雄／压倒群雄
大雄寶殿／大雄宝殿 (dàxióng bǎo diàn)
姦人之雄／奸人之雄
姦雄／奸雄
巾幗英雄／巾帼英雄 (jīnguóyīngxióng)
戰國七雄／战国七雄 (Zhànguó Qīxióng)
揚雄吐鳳／扬雄吐凤
揚雄投閣／扬雄投阁
斷尾雄雞／断尾雄鸡
梟雄／枭雄 (xiāoxióng)
氣勢雄偉／气势雄伟
決一雌雄／决一雌雄
決雌雄／决雌雄 (jué cíxióng)
滔滔雄辯／滔滔雄辩
烏之雌雄／乌之雌雄
無名英雄／无名英雄 (wúmíngyīngxióng)
爭雄／争雄
百戰雄師／百战雄师
百萬雄兵／百万雄兵
百萬雄師／百万雄师 (bǎiwàn xióngshī)
稱雄／称雄 (chēngxióng)
積健為雄／积健为雄
聖雄／圣雄 (shèngxióng)
聚葯雄蕊／聚药雄蕊
聲雄力猛／声雄力猛
英勇雄壯／英勇雄壮
英雄主義／英雄主义
英雄好漢／英雄好汉 (yīngxiónghǎohàn)
英雄樹／英雄树
英雄氣短／英雄气短
英雄短氣／英雄短气
英雄豪傑／英雄豪杰 (yīngxióngháojié)
蓋世雄才／盖世雄才

豪放雄邁／豪放雄迈
赳赳雄風／赳赳雄风
辭豐意雄／辞丰意雄
重振雄風／重振雄风
雄偉／雄伟 (xióngwěi)
雄偉壯麗／雄伟壮丽
雄傑／雄杰
雄兒／雄儿
雄劍／雄剑
雄勁／雄劲 (xióngjìng)
雄勝／雄胜
雄圖／雄图 (xióngtú)
雄壯／雄壮 (xióngzhuàng)
雄將／雄将
雄師／雄师 (xióngshī)
雄張／雄张
雄心壯志／雄心壮志 (xióngxīnzhuàngzhì)
雄心萬丈／雄心万丈
雄斷／雄断
雄材偉略／雄材伟略
雄氣／雄气
雄渾／雄浑 (xiónghún)
雄糾糾／雄纠纠
雄視／雄视
雄辯／雄辩 (xióngbiàn)
雄辯滔滔／雄辩滔滔 (xióngbiàntāotāo)
雄辯高談／雄辩高谈
雄鎮／雄镇
雄長／雄长
雄關／雄关 (Xióngguān)
雄雞／雄鷄／雄鸡 (xióngjī)
雄雞斷尾／雄鸡断尾
雄風／雄风 (xióngfēng)
雄飛／雄飞
雄飛突進／雄飞突进
雄麗／雄丽
雄黃／雄黄 (xiónghuáng)
雄黃油／雄黄油
雄黃酒／雄黄酒 (xiónghuángjiǔ)
雌雄同體／雌雄同体 (cíxióng tóng tǐ)
雌雄未決／雌雄未决
雌雄異株／雌雄异株
雌雄異體／雌雄异体
領先群雄／领先群雄
顧盼自雄／顾盼自雄
高談雄辯／高谈雄辩

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (雄):

→ Japanese: 雄(ゆう) (yū)

References

“雄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

雄

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: う (u); ゆ (yu)
Kan-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)
Kun: お (o, 雄, Jōyō); おす (osu, 雄, Jōyō)
Nanori: かつ (katsu); たけ (take); つよし (tsuyoshi); ゆ (yu); よう (yō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
雄
ゆう Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 雄 (hjuwng, “male”).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on

(Tokyo) ゆう [yúꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

雄(ゆう) • (yū)

male
something or someone excellent (male)
一(いっ)世(せい)の雄(ゆう)
issei no yū
one of the greatest men of his generation

Derived terms

雄(ゆう)偉(い) (yūi): heroic, grand, excellent
雄(ゆう)黄(おう) (yūō): orpiment, an arsenic sulfide mineral
雄(ゆう)花(か) (yūka): a male flower

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
雄
お Grade: S
kun’yomi

/wo/ → /o/

From Old Japanese. Persists in compounds, such as the first element o- in the modern Japanese term 男 (otoko, “man”).[2][1]

Alternative forms

男, 牡, 夫

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) お [óꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [o̞]

Noun

雄(お) • (o) ^{←を (wo)^?}

(obsolete in isolation) man, male
- 711–712, Kojiki (上巻 [Kamitsumaki])
  汝(な)こそは遠(を)にいませば
  na koso wa o ni imaseba
  As you yourself be male / a man...
(obsolete) husband
- 711–712, Kojiki (上巻 [Kamitsumaki])
  吾(わ)はもよ女(め)にしあれば汝(な)を除(き)て男(を)は無(な)し汝(な)を除(き)て夫(つま)は無(な)し
  wa wa moyo me ni shiareba na o kite o wa nashi na o kite tsuma wa nashi
  As I am a woman, without you, there are no husbands. Without you, there are no wives...
something large, powerful, or otherwise masculine
雄(お)叫(たけ)び／雄(お)滝(だき)／大(ますら)夫(お)
otakebi/odaki/masurao
a war cry / the larger of two waterfalls / manliness
yang (as opposed to yin)
女(め)男(お)、陰(め)陽(お)
meo, meo
yin-yang (two different kanji spellings, same reading and derivation)

Usage notes

Not used in isolation in modern Japanese.

Antonyms

雌(め) (me): woman, female

Derived terms

雄(お)臼(うす) (ousu): in a traditional Japanese stone or wooden mill or grinder, the bottom of the two pieces, two which the drive shaft is attached
雄(お)鹿(じか) (ojika): a buck, a male deer
雄(お)滝(だき) (odaki): the larger of two waterfalls
雄(お)叫(たけ)び (otakebi): a war cry
男(おとこ) (otoko): man
夫(おっと) (otto): husband
雄(お)花(ばな) (obana): a male flower
須(す)佐(さ)之(の)男(お) (Susa-no-o): Susanoo, the male god of storms
益(ます)荒(ら)男(お), 丈夫(ますらお), 大夫(ますらお) (masurao): manliness
女(め)男(お), 陰(め)陽(お) (meo): yin-yang

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
雄
おす Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
牡

/wosu/ → /osu/

Compound of 雄 (o, “male”) +‎ す (su), but the derivation of the su element is unknown.

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) おす [òsúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
IPA^(key): [o̞sɨᵝ]

Noun

雄(おす) • (osu) ^{←をす (wosu)^?}

a male (plant or animal)

Usage notes

This is the most common reading of this term in modern Japanese when used as a standalone noun.
Only used to refer to non-human male organisms.
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as オス.

Synonyms

(human male): 男(だん)性(せい) (dansei)

Antonyms

(non-human female): 雌(めす) (mesu), メス (mesu)
(human female): 女(じょ)性(せい) (josei)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
雄
おん Grade: S
kun’yomi

/won/ → /on/

Compound of 雄 (o, “male”) +‎ ん (n). The latter -n element might be a contraction of the possessive particle の (no).

Alternative forms

牡

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) おん [òńꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
IPA^(key): [õ̞ɴ]

Noun

雄(おん) • (on) ^{←をん (won)^?}

male

Usage notes

Not used in isolation in modern Japanese.

Derived terms

雄(おん)鳥(どり), 雄(おん)鶏(どり) (ondori): a male chicken, a rooster, a cock

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

雄 (eumhun 수컷 웅 (sukeot ung))

Hanja form^? of 웅 (“(usually of animals) male”).

Compounds

영웅 (英雄, yeong'ung, “hero”)

Vietnamese

Han character

雄: Hán Nôm readings: Hùng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-2] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan