限

See also: 隄

限	U+9650, 限 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9650

← 陏
[U+964F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

陑 →
[U+9651]

Translingual

Han character

限 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓中日女 (NLAV), four-corner 7723₂, composition ⿰阝艮)

Derived characters

𭉑, 䈨, 𨵬(𬮵)

Chinese

simp. and trad.		限

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (艮) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
艱	*krɯːn
齦	kʰrɯːnʔ, kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn
眼	*ŋrɯːnʔ
蛝	*ɡrɯːn
限	*ɡrɯːnʔ
硍	*ɡrɯːnʔ
豤	kʰɯːnʔ, kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn
詪	ɡlɯːnʔ, kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns
根	*kɯːn
跟	*kɯːn
珢	kɯːn, kɯːns, *ŋrɯn
艮	*kɯːns
茛	*kɯːns
墾	*kʰɯːnʔ
懇	*kʰɯːnʔ
垠	ŋɯːn, ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn
泿	ŋɯːn, ŋrɯn
痕	*ɡɯːn
拫	*ɡɯːn
鞎	*ɡɯːn
很	*ɡɯːnʔ
恨	*ɡɯːns
銀	*ŋrɯn
檭	*ŋrɯn

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haan⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): han
(Meixian, Guangdong): han⁴
Min Bei (KCR): hāing
Min Dong (BUC): âing
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hǎn / hān / ān
(Teochew, Peng'im): hang⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
  - Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
  - Yale: syàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
  - Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: haan⁶
  - Yale: haahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: han⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: han
  - Hakka Romanization System: han
  - Hagfa Pinyim: han⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /han⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: han⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /han⁵³/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hāing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xaiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: âing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /aiŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǎn
  - Tâi-lô: hǎn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /han²²/
  - IPA (Jinjiang): /han³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hān
  - Tâi-lô: hān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: han
  - IPA (Xiamen): /han²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /han³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ān
  - Tâi-lô: ān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: an
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /an²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /an³³/

Note: hǎn/hān/ān - literary, ān - vernacular (Taiwanese, Xiamen).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hang⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ³⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 限
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ɕian⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕian⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕiã²¹/
	Qingdao	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕian³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕian¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕian²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕiɛn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/xan¹³/ /ɕian¹³/
	Guiyang	/ɕian²¹³/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ɕien⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕie⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ɕiɑŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦe²³/ /ɦie²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɪ³¹/ /ɦe̞³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiẽ̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦa³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕie²²/ /xɛ²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/xɔ¹¹/ /ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/xan⁵⁵/ /xan¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/han⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/han²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/han⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hɑn⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/han²²/
	Nanning	/han²²/
	Hong Kong	/han²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/han²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/aiŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xaiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/haŋ³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/haŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦˠɛn^X/

Rime
Character	限
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡簡切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣæn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨn^X/
Li Rong	/ɣɛn^X/
Wang Li	/ɣæn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣăn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haan⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤrə[n]ʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	限
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛn^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁrə[n]ʔ/
English	obstacle, limit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	限
Reading #	1/1
No.	3916
Phonetic component	艮
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	限
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯːnʔ/

Definitions

限

(formal, or in compounds) boundary; limit; line
(formal, or in compounds) to limit; to place a limit (on)
(literary, or in compounds) doorstep; sill; threshold

Synonyms

(boundary):

edit

界限 (jièxiàn) (figurative)
限制 (xiànzhì)

限度 (xiàndù)
雷池 (léichí) (figurative)

底線／底线 (dǐxiàn) (figurative)
節限／节限 (jiéxiàn) (literary)

(to limit):

edit

Synonyms of 限

主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
克制 (kèzhì)
克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
君 (jūn) (literary)
局限 (júxiàn)
左右 (zuǒyòu)
把 (bǎ)
把持 (bǎchí)
把控 (bǎkòng)
抑制 (yìzhì)
抵制 (dǐzhì)
拘束 (jūshù)
按 (àn)
按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
掌握 (zhǎngwò)
控 (kòng) (literary, or in compounds)

控制 (kòngzhì)
提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
操控 (cāokòng)
支配 (zhīpèi)
束 (shù) (literary, or in compounds)
柄 (bǐng) (literary, or in compounds)
框 (kuàng)
管制 (guǎnzhì)
管束 (guǎnshù)
裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
限制 (xiànzhì)
主張／主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
制約／制约 (zhìyuē)
執掌／执掌 (zhízhǎng)
壓制／压制 (yāzhì)

撙節／撙节 (zǔnjié)
撥弄／拨弄 (bōnòng)
操縱／操纵 (cāozòng)
擺佈／摆布 (bǎibù)
擺治／摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
收斂／收敛 (shōuliǎn)
束縛／束缚 (shùfù)
禁錮／禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
積壓／积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
節制／节制 (jiézhì)
約束／约束 (yuēshù)
統御／统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
統治／统治 (tǒngzhì)
羈束／羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
鎮／镇 (zhèn)
駕馭／驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)

(doorstep):

edit

Synonyms of 限

戺 (shì) (Classical Chinese)
柣 (zhì) (Classical Chinese)
梱 (kǔn) (Classical Chinese)
榍 (xiè) (Classical Chinese)
面填 (bīn-tǔiⁿ) (Quanzhou Hokkien)
戶填／户填 (Min Nan)

戶限／户限 (hùxiàn) (literary)
檻／槛 (kǎn)
轔／辚 (lín) (Classical Chinese)
門地伏／门地伏 (Taishanese)
門墊／门垫 (Min Dong)
門岸／门岸 (mn̂g-hōaⁿ) (Xiamen Hokkien)

門檻／门槛 (ménkǎn)
門限／门限 (ménxiàn)
門階／门阶 (ménjiē)
閫／阃 (kǔn) (literary)
閾／阈 (yù) (literary)

Compounds

Derived terms from 限

上限 (shàngxiàn)
下限 (xiàxiàn)
不可限量 (bùkě xiànliàng)
不知分限
不限
九七大限
九七期限
侷限
保辜限
公用限制
分限 (fènxiàn)
制限 (zhìxiàn)
勒限
受限 (shòuxiàn)
命限
填限
大限 (dàxiàn)
定限
局限 (júxiàn)
展限
年限 (niánxiàn)
底限 (dǐxiàn)
恰限
拘限 (jūxiàn)
有限 (yǒuxiàn)
有限公司 (yǒuxiàn gōngsī)
有限政府
有限花序
期限 (qīxiàn)
未可限量
杖限
死限

爆炸上限
爆炸下限
甘限
界限 (jièxiàn)
程限
象限 (xiàngxiàn)
限令 (xiànlìng)
限制 (xiànzhì)
限制住居
限定 (xiàndìng)
限度 (xiàndù)
限日 (xiànrì)
限期 (xiànqī)
限棒
限次
限界 (xiànjiè)
限量 (xiànliàng)
限阻
制限選舉／制限选举
寬限／宽限 (kuānxiàn)
寬限日／宽限日
彈性限度／弹性限度
惡限／恶限
戶限／户限 (hùxiàn)
戶限為穿／户限为穿
時限／时限 (shíxiàn)
有限小數／有限小数
有限戰爭／有限战争
極限／极限 (jíxiàn)
極限強度／极限强度
極限體育／极限体育
權限／权限 (quánxiàn)

無限／无限 (wúxiàn)
無限公司／无限公司
無限小數／无限小数
無限戰爭／无限战争
無限花序／无限花序
畫地自限／画地自限
疲勞限／疲劳限
組限／组限
緩限／缓限
設限／设限 (shèxiàn)
象限儀／象限仪
運限／运限
過限／过限
鐵門限／铁门限
門限／门限 (ménxiàn)
限價／限价
限制級／限制级
限制詞／限制词
限制選舉／限制选举
限定語／限定语
限時／限时 (xiànshí)
限時信／限时信 (xiànshíxìn)
限時專送／限时专送
限武協定／限武协定
限武談判／限武谈判
限產／限产
限盡／限尽
限電／限电 (xiàndiàn)
限韻／限韵
限額／限额 (xiàn'é)
限齡／限龄
飛觥限斝／飞觥限斝

Japanese

Kanji

限

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

limit

Readings

Go-on: げん (gen, Jōyō)
Kan-on: かん (kan)
Kun: かぎる (kagiru, 限る, Jōyō); かぎり (kagiri, 限り); かぎり (kagiri, 限); きり (kiri)

Compounds

日限(にちげん) (nichigen)
制限(せいげん) (seigen)
権限(けんげん) (kengen)
限定(げんてい) (gentei)
限度(げんど) (gendo)
無限(むげん) (mugen)
分限(ぶんげん) (bungen)
有限(ゆうげん) (yūgen)
上限(じょうげん) (jōgen)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
限
げん Grade: 5
goon

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɡẽ̞ɴ]

Counter

限(げん) • (-gen)

counter for school periods
一(いち)限(げん)目(め)は数学(すうがく)だった。
Ichigenme wa sūgaku datta.
The first period was maths.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
限
きり Grade: 5
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 限 – see 切り. (This term, 限, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(The following entry is uncreated: 切り.)

Korean

Hanja

限 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)

Hanja form^? of 한 (“limit”).

Vietnamese

Han character

限: Hán Nôm readings: hạn, hẹn, giận

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

限

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Further reading

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Counter

Etymology 2

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character