阿耨多羅三藐三菩提

阿耨多羅三藐三菩提

See also: 阿耨多罗三藐三菩提

Chinese

		excellent, incomparable, unsurpassed
trad. (阿耨多羅三藐三菩提)		阿耨多羅	三藐三菩提
simp. (阿耨多罗三藐三菩提)		阿耨多罗	三藐三菩提

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अनुत्तरा सम्यक् सम्बोधि (anuttarā samyak sambodhi, literally “highest perfect awakening”). Compare Pali anuttara sammā sambodhi.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ānòuduōluó sānmiǎo sānpútí

  (Zhuyin): ㄚ ㄋㄡˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄢ ㄇㄧㄠˇ ㄙㄢ ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄧˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ānòuduōluó sānmiǎo sānpútí
    • Zhuyin: ㄚ ㄋㄡˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄢ ㄇㄧㄠˇ ㄙㄢ ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: anòuduoluó sanmiǎo sanpútí
    • Wade–Giles: a¹-nou⁴-to¹-lo² san¹-miao³ san¹-pʻu²-tʻi²
    • Yale: ā-nòu-dwō-lwó sān-myǎu sān-pú-tí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: anowduoluo sanmeau sanpwutyi
    • Palladius: аноудоло саньмяо саньпути (anoudolo sanʹmjao sanʹputi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀä⁵⁵ noʊ̯⁵¹ twɔ⁵⁵ lwɔ³⁵ sän⁵⁵ mjɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ sän⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʔɑ  nəu^H  tɑ  lɑ  sɑm  miᴇu^X  sɑm  buo  d͡ʑiᴇ/

Rime
Character	阿	耨	多	羅	三	藐	菩	提
Reading #	1/1	1/2	1/1	1/1	1/2	1/2	1/4	1/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	泥 (8)	端 (5)	來 (37)	心 (16)	明 (4)	並 (3)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	侯 (137)	歌 (94)	歌 (94)	談 (143)	宵 (91)	模 (23)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I	I	I	III	I	III
Fanqie	烏何切	奴豆切	得何切	魯何切	蘇甘切	亡沼切	薄胡切	是支切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑ/	/nəuH/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/miᴇuX/	/buo/	/d͡ʑiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑ/	/nəuH/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/miɛuX/	/buo/	/d͡ʑiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑ/	/nəuH/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/mjæuX/	/bo/	/d͡ʑjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔa/	/nəwH/	/ta/	/la/	/sam/	/miawX/	/bɔ/	/d͡ʑiə̆/
Li Rong	/ʔɑ/	/nuH/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/miɛuX/	/bo/	/ʑie/
Wang Li	/ɑ/	/nəuH/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/mĭɛuX/	/bu/	/ʑǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑ/	/nə̯uH/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/mi̯ɛuX/	/bʱuo/	/ʑie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ē	nòu	duō	luó	sān	miǎo	pú	chí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	o1	nau6	do1	lo4	saam1	miu5	pou4	si4

Noun

阿耨多羅三藐三菩提

1. (Buddhism) the supreme perfect enlightenment

   • 佛説是普門品時，眾中八萬四千眾生，皆發無等等，阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     佛说是普门品时，众中八万四千众生，皆发无等等，阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 406 CE, Lotus Sutra, chapter 25 (translation by Kumarajiva)

     Fóshuō shì pǔménpǐn shí, zhòng zhōng bāwàn sìqiān zhòngshēng, jiē fā wú děngděng, ānòuduōluó sānmiǎo sānpútí xīn. [Pinyin]

     When [the Gautama] Buddha finished preaching on the sutra of Avalokiteśvara, the sentient eighty-four thousand in the crowd were aroused with the supreme and perfect enlightenment.

   • 三世諸佛，依般若波羅蜜多故，得阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     三世诸佛，依般若波罗蜜多故，得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 7th century CE, Shorter Prajñāpāramitā-hṛdaya Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)

     Sānshì zhū fó, yī bōrě bōluómìduō gù, dé ānòuduōluó sānmiǎo sānpútí. [Pinyin]

     All buddhas of the past, present and future rely on the perfection of wisdom to attain the supreme, perfect enlightenment.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (阿耨多羅三藐三菩提):

• → Japanese: 阿(あ)耨(のく)多羅(たら)三藐(さんみゃく)三(さん)菩(ぼ)提(だい) (anokutara sanmyaku sanbodai)
• → Korean: 아뇩다라 삼먁 삼보리(阿耨多羅三藐三菩提) (anyokdara sammyak sambori)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
阿	耨	多	羅	三	藐	三	菩	提
あ Jinmeiyō	のく Hyōgaiji	た Grade: 2	ら Grade: S	さん Grade: 1	みゃく Hyōgaiji	さん Grade: 1	ぼ Jinmeiyō	だい Grade: 5
on’yomi	goon	on’yomi			irregular	on’yomi	kan’yōon	goon

Etymology

Ultimately a transliteration from Sanskrit अनुत्तरा सम्यक् सम्बोधि (anuttarā samyak sambodhi, literally “highest perfect awakening”),[1][2][3] via Middle Chinese 阿耨多羅三藐三菩提 (MC ʔɑ nuok̚ tɑ lɑ sɑm mˠʌk̚ sɑm buo dei), possibly through Pali anuttara sammā sambodhi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [a̠no̞kɯ̟ᵝta̠ɾa̠ sã̠mʲːa̠kɯ̟ᵝ sã̠mbo̞da̠i]

Noun

阿(あ)耨(のく)多(た)羅(ら)三(さん)藐(みゃく)三(さん)菩(ぼ)提(だい) • (anokutara sanmyaku sanbodai) 

1. (Buddhism) the supreme perfect enlightenment
   • 1018, Wakan Rōeishū (book 2, poem 602 by Dengyō-daishi)

     阿(あ)耨(のく)多(た)羅(ら)三(さん)藐(みやく)三(さん)菩(ぼ)提(だい)の仏(ほとけ)たちわが立(た)つ杣(そま)に冥(みやう)加(が)あらせたまへ

     anokutara sanmyaku sanbodai no hotoke-tachi waga tatsu soma ni myōga arasetamae

     O supreme, perfect, and enlightened buddhas (i.e. beings of anuttarā samyak sambodhi), protect the wooded mountains where I stand!

See also

• 悟(さと)り (satori)

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN