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单词
释义

U+963F, 阿
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-963F

[U+963E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9640]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 170, +5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓中一弓口 (NLMNR), four-corner 71220, composition阝可)

Derived characters

  • 娿, 痾, 㢌, 䋪, 錒(锕)

Descendants

  • 𛀄

Further reading

  • KangXi: page 1348, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41599
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1850, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4119, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+963F

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Warring States
Bronze inscriptions

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qaːl) : semantic + phonetic (OC *kʰaːlʔ): Originally meaning a big mound.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔa(ŋ/k)- (noun prefix) (STEDT).

“atto-”
Borrowed from English atto-.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): ā, à (a1, a4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄚ, ㄚˋ
    (Chengdu, SP): a1
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): aa3
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): â
  • Min Dong (BUC): ŏ̤
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): a / o
    (Teochew, Peng'im): a1
  • Wu (Wiktionary): a (T1); u (T1); aq (T4)

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: ā
      • Zhuyin:
      • Tongyong Pinyin: a
      • Wade–Giles: a1
      • Yale: ā
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: a
      • Palladius: а (a)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ˀä⁵⁵/
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: à
      • Zhuyin: ㄚˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: à
      • Wade–Giles: a4
      • Yale: à
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ah
      • Palladius: а (a)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ˀä⁵¹/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: a1
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: a
      • Sinological IPA (key): /a⁵⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: aa3
      • Yale: a
      • Cantonese Pinyin: aa3
      • Guangdong Romanization: a3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /aː³³/
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: â
      • Hakka Romanization System:
      • Hagfa Pinyim: a1
      • Sinological IPA: /a²⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: ŏ̤
      • Sinological IPA (key): /o⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: a / o
      • Tâi-lô: a / o
      • Phofsit Daibuun: af, oy
      • IPA (Xiamen): /a⁴⁴/, /o⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /a³³/, /o³³/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /a⁴⁴/, /o⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Taipei): /a⁴⁴/, /o⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /a⁴⁴/, /ɤ⁴⁴/
Note:
  • a - vernacular;
  • o - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: a1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: a
      • Sinological IPA (key): /a³³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: a (T1); u (T1); aq (T4)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /a̱⁵³/, /v̩ʷ⁵³/, /a̱ʔ⁵⁵/
Note: 4aq - senses 1, 2, 3 only.

Definitions

  1. Prefix used in front of the surname or last character of someone’s given name to express familiarity or friendliness (traditionally used in rural or southern Chinese dialects).
    alt. forms: dated, Hong Kong Cantonese neologism
       ā   dad
       Ā Biǎn   Ah Bian (Chen Shui-bian)
    Q正傳》Q正传》   Āqiū Zhèngzhuàn”   The True Story of Ah Q
    • 珍愛上了 / 在一個有星星的夜晚 [MSC, trad.]
      珍爱上了 / 在一个有星星的夜晚 [MSC, simp.]
      From: 2016, 仁科, 茂涛 (lyrics and music), 《阿珍爱上了阿强》, performed by 五条人
      Ā Zhēn àishàng le Ā Qiáng  /  zài yīge yǒu xīngxīng de yèwǎn [Pinyin]
      A Zhen fell in love with A Qiang / One night under a starlit sky
  2. (Hokkien, honorific) Prefix to rank seniority for kinship terms.
    [Hokkien]   a-hiaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   eldest brother
  3. Alternative form of (ā, á, ǎ, à, a, “particle”).
  4. Short for 阿富汗 (Āfùhàn, “Afghanistan”).
  5. Short for 阿爾巴尼亞阿尔巴尼亚 (Ā'ěrbāníyà, “Albania”).
  6. Short for 阿拉伯 (Ālābó, “Arabic”).
  7. atto- (SI unit prefix)

Compounds

See also

SI prefix
LastNext
/

Descendants

  • English: Ah

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ē (e1)
    (Zhuyin):
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): o1
  • Min Dong (BUC): ŏ̤
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): o / o͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): o1
  • Wu (Wiktionary): o (T1)

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: ē
      • Zhuyin:
      • Tongyong Pinyin: e
      • Wade–Giles: o1
      • Yale: ē
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: e
      • Palladius: э (e)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ⁵⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: o1
      • Yale: ō
      • Cantonese Pinyin: o1
      • Guangdong Romanization: o1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɔː⁵⁵/
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: ŏ̤
      • Sinological IPA (key): /o⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o
      • Tâi-lô: o
      • Phofsit Daibuun: oy
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /o³³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɤ⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /o⁴⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī:
      • Tâi-lô: oo
      • Phofsit Daibuun: of
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔ³³/
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɔ⁴⁴/
Note:
  • Quanzhou:
    • o - vernacular;
    • o͘ - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: o1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: o
      • Sinological IPA (key): /o³³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: o (T1)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /o⁵³/

  • Middle Chinese: /ʔɑ/
Rime
Character
Reading #1/1
Initial () (34)
Final () (94)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()I
Fanqie烏何切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔɑ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔɑ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔa/
Li
Rong
/ʔɑ/
Wang
Li
/ɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ē
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
o1
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤa[j]/, /*ʔˤa/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qaːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/22/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
ēē
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔa ›‹ ʔa ›
Old
Chinese
/*qˁa[j]//*ʔˁa/ (< *qˁaj)
Englishslope, river bank阿會亘 ēhuìxuān: Skt. ābhāsvara “shining” (E. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/1
No.7468
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qaːl/

Definitions

  1. big mound; mountain
  2. hillside
  3. fine silks
  4. (literary, of a mountain or stream) bend; corner
  5. waterside
  6. nearby; near
  7. to flatter; to pander to
    諛奉承谀奉承   ēyúfèngchéng   sweet-talking
  8. to be unfairly partial to
  9. Alternative form of (ē, “to excrete”).
  10. a surname

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: () (a)
  • Korean: 아(阿) (a)

Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

  • Go-on: (a)
  • Kan-on: (a)
  • Kun: くま (kuma, ); おもねる (omoneru, 阿る)
  • Nanori: (o); くま (kuma)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term

Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC ʔɑ).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [a̠]

Noun

() (a) 

  1. The first letter of Sanskrit, अ (a).
Derived terms
  • ()() (aji)
  • ()(うん) (aun)
See also
  • (うん) (un)
  • (ぼん)() (bonji)

Affix

() (a) 

  1. to flatter; to pander to
  2. ridge (of roof); eaves
  3. A prefix expressing familiarity.
  4. Used as a phonetic element, especially in words from Sanskrit.
  5. Short for 阿弗利加 (Afurika, Africa).
  6. Short for 阿波国 (Awa no kuni, Awa Province).
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
くま
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
【くま】
[noun] , , : corner, nook, recess
[noun] , , : shade, shadow, dark area
[noun] , , : dark circles under one's eyes. often clarified as 目の下のくま.
Alternative spellings
, ,
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 언덕 아 (eondeok a))
(eumhun 호칭 옥 (hoching ok))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

  • 아편 (阿片, apyeon)

References

  • Naver Hanja Dictionary: 阿

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: a, á
: Nôm readings: a, à

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  • Nom Foundation
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