闕如

闕如

Chinese

		imperial city; deficiency	as (if); such as
trad. (闕如)		闕	如
simp. (阙如)		阙	如

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): quērú

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄝ ㄖㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kyut³ jyu⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: quērú
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝ ㄖㄨˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueru
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cyuerú
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɥɛ⁵⁵ ʐu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kyut³ jyu⁴
    • Yale: kyut yùh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kyt⁸ jy⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: küd³ yu⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰyːt̚³ jyː²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰʉɐt̚  ȵɨʌ|ȵɨʌ^H/▼

Rime
Character	闕	如	如
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	日 (38)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	月 (68)	魚 (22)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	去月切	人諸切	人恕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʉɐt̚/	/ȵɨʌ/	/ȵɨʌH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷiɐt̚/	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiuɐt̚/	/ȵʑiɔ/	/ȵʑiɔH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuat̚/	/ȵɨə̆/	/ȵɨə̆H/
Li Rong	/kʰiuɐt̚/	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔH/
Wang Li	/kʰĭwɐt̚/	/ȵʑĭo/	/ȵʑĭoH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯wɐt̚/	/ȵʑi̯wo/	/ȵʑi̯woH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	que	rú	rù

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷʰat  na/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰod  nja|njas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	闕	如	如
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	què	rú	rú
Middle Chinese	‹ khjwot ›	‹ nyo ›	‹ nyo ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷʰat/	/*na/	/*na/
English	tower over gate	go to	as, like, if
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	闕	如	如
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	7240	9623	9631
Phonetic component	欮	女	女
Rime group	月	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	3	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	闕	如	洳
Old Chinese	/*kʰod/	/*nja/	/*njas/

Verb

闕如

1. (literary) to lack

Synonyms

edit

Synonyms of 闕如

不夠／不够 (bùgòu) 不敷 (bùfū) (literary) 不足 (bùzú) 乏達／乏达 (Min Nan) 匱乏／匮乏 (kuìfá) 欠缺 (qiànquē)

短缺 (duǎnquē) 缺乏 (quēfá) 缺如 (quērú) (literary) 缺少 (quēshǎo) 缺欠 (quēqiàn)