閻

See also: 閆, 阎, and 闫

閻	U+95BB, 閻 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95BB

← 閺
[U+95BA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

閼 →
[U+95BC]

Translingual

Han character

閻 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 日弓弓竹X (ANNHX), four-corner 7777₇, composition ⿵門臽)

Derived characters

嚪壛㶄櫩爓䌪讇㿕

References

KangXi: page 1337, character 12

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41379

Dae Jaweon: page 1842, character 31

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4305, character 11

Unihan data for U+95BB

Chinese

trad.		閻
simp.		阎
2nd round simp.		闫
alternative forms		閆／闫𨳔

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 閻
Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (臽) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
萏	*l'oːmʔ
窞	*l'oːmʔ
惂	*kʰloːmʔ
輡	*kʰloːmʔ
錎	kʰloːmʔ, ɡroːms
埳	*kʰloːmʔ
臽	kʰloːmʔ, ɡroːms
淊	ɡloːmʔ, qroːm, qroːms, lomʔ
欿	*ɡloːmʔ
蜭	ɡloːmʔ, ɡluːms
啗	l'aːmʔ, l'aːms
鵮	ʔr'oːm, kʰroːm, *kʰroːms
餡	*ɡroːms
陷	*ɡroːms
爓	ljom, loms
諂	*l̥ʰomʔ
讇	*l̥ʰomʔ
閻	*lom
焰	*loms
壛	*lom
櫩	*lom
燄	*lomʔ
掐	*kʰroːb

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yán (yan²)
(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ
(Chengdu, SP): nyan²
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): ien⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngiàm
(Meixian, Guangdong): yam²
Jin (Wiktionary): ie¹
Min Bei (KCR): ngǐng / ngîng
Min Dong (BUC): ngièng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): giâm / iâm
(Teochew, Peng'im): ngiam⁵ / ngiêm⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): nyi (T3); hhi (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): nyienn²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yán
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yán
  - Wade–Giles: yen²
  - Yale: yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nyan²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʲan²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jim⁴
  - Yale: yìhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ien⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàm
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiamˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam²
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯am¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yam²
  - Sinological IPA: /iam¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ie¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngǐng / ngîng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiŋ²¹/, /ŋiŋ³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngièng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋieŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm
  - Tâi-lô: giâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giaam
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiam²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡiam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiam¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iâm
  - Tâi-lô: iâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iaam
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /iam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iam¹³/

Note:

giâm - vernacular (including surname);
iâm - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngiam⁵ / ngiêm⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiâm / ngiêm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiam⁵⁵/, /ŋiem⁵⁵/

Note:

ngiam5 - Shantou;
ngiêm5 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: nyi (T3); hhi (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi²³/, /ɦi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: nyienn²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲiẽ¹³/

Middle Chinese: /jiᴇm/

Rime
Character	閻
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余廉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/jæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiam/
Li Rong	/iɛm/
Wang Li	/jĭɛm/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ][a]m/
(Zhengzhang): /*lom/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	閻
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ yem ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ][a]m/
English	gate over street or lane
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	閻
Reading #	1/1
No.	13564
Phonetic component	臽
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	鹽
Old Chinese	/*lom/

Definitions

閻

village gate
a surname
閻錫山／阎锡山 ― Yán Xīshān ― Yan Xishan

Usage notes

See 闫.

Compounds

窮閻漏屋／穷阎漏屋
閭閻／闾阎 (lǘyán)
閻君／阎君 (Yánjūn)

閻家河／阎家河 (Yánjiāhé)
閻摩／阎摩 (Yánmó)
閻浮／阎浮 (yánfú)

閻王／阎王 (Yánwáng)
閻羅／阎罗 (Yánluó)

Japanese

Kanji

閻

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

village gate
good-looking
used as a phonetic sign for the transcription of Sanskrit

Readings

On (unclassified): えん (en); せん (sen)
Kun: ちまた (chimata); ひらく (hiraku); すすめる (susumeru)

Compounds

閻王(えんおう) (en'ō)
閻浮(えんぶ) (enbu)
閻浮提(えんぶだい) (enbudai)
閻魔(えんま) (enma)
閻魔顔(えんまがお) (enmagao)
閻魔王(えんまおう) (enmaō)
閻魔蟋蟀(えんまこおろぎ) (enmakōrogi)
閻魔大王(えんまだいおう) (enmadaiō)
閻魔帳(えんまちょう) (enmachō)
閻魔羅闍(えんまらじゃ) (enmaraja)
閻羅(えんら) (enra)
済(な)す時(とき)の閻魔顔(えんまがお) (nasutokinoenmagao)
南閻浮提(なんえんぶだい) (nan'enbudai)

References

広辞苑　第六版 (Kōjien, 6th ed.)
漢字源 (Kanjigen)
学研漢和大字典 (Gakken Kanwa Daijiten)

Korean

Hanja

閻 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

閻: Hán Nôm readings: diêm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation