閏

閏

See also: 闰 and 閠

閏 U+958F, 閏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-958F ← 閎 [U+958E] CJK Unified Ideographs 閐 → [U+9590]

Translingual

Han character

閏 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓一土 (ANMG), four-corner 7710₄, composition ⿵門王)

1. intercalary
2. extra, surplus

Derived characters

• 𠾽, 㠈, 𢡞, 撋, 潤(润), 𣋆, 膶(𬂀), 橍, 𪼙, 瞤(𥆧), 𮝧, 𨬔, 𨶽, 𨷎, 𦻺

Related characters

• 闰 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• KangXi: page 1331, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41244
• Dae Jaweon: page 1837, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4285, character 9
• Unihan data for U+958F

---

Chinese

trad.		閏
simp.		闰
alternative forms		閠 䦞 𥹿

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (閏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
撋	*njon
瞤	*njun
潤	*njuns
閏	*njuns

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 門 (“gate”) + 王 (“king”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rùn (run⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jeon⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yùn
• Min Dong (BUC): nông
• Min Nan (POJ): jūn / lūn

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rùn
    • Wade–Giles: jun⁴
    • Yale: rwùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruenn
    • Palladius: жунь (žunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐwən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jeon⁶
    • Yale: yeuhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: joen⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yên⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɵn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùn
    • Hakka Romanization System: iunˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yun²
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯un¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùn
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iunˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yun²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯un¹¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡouŋ²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jūn
    • Tâi-lô: jūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jun
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zun³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lūn
    • Tâi-lô: lūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lun
    • IPA (Taipei): /lun³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lun⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lun²²/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 閏
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐuən⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʐən⁵³/
	Tianjin	/yn⁵³/ /ʐuən⁵³/
	Jinan	/yẽ²¹/
	Qingdao	/yə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/yn³¹²/
	Xi'an	/vẽ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/uə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʐuŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/və̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʐuŋ²¹³/ /vɤŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/yn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/zuən¹³/
	Guiyang	/zuen²¹³/
	Kunming	/ʐuə̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ʐun⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʐən⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zuəŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/zuŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ʐũŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiŋ²³/ /zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦyən³¹/
	Hangzhou	/zz̩ʷen¹³/
	Wenzhou	/joŋ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/yʌ̃²²/
	Tunxi	/yan¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/yn¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/yn²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɨn²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/iun⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/ʒuŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jøn²²/
	Nanning	/yn²²/ /jɐn²²/
	Hong Kong	/jøn²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lun²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/nouŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/nœyŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/zuŋ³¹/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/zun²³/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nu[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njuns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	閏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rùn
Middle Chinese	‹ nywinH ›
Old Chinese	/*nu[n]-s/
English	intercalary month
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	閏
Reading #	1/1
No.	10927
Phonetic component	閏
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	閠
Old Chinese	/*njuns/

Definitions

閏

1. intercalary; leap

   閏年／闰年  ―  rùnnián  ―  leap year

2. (literary) surplus; remainder
3. (literary) deputy; illegitimate; usurped

Compounds

閏位／闰位 閏年／闰年 (rùnnián) 閏日／闰日 (rùnrì) 閏月／闰月 (rùnyuè)

閏盤／闰盘 (rùnpán) 閏秒／闰秒 (rùnmiǎo, “leap second”) 閏統／闰统

閏音／闰音 餘閏／余闰 黃楊厄閏／黄杨厄闰

---

Japanese

Kanji

閏

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. intercalary
2. heresy

Readings

• Go-on: にん (nin)
• Kan-on: じゅん (jun)
• Kun: うるう (urū, 閏)

Compounds

• 閏年 (うるうどし, urū-doshi)
• 輝閏
• 清水閏
• 正閏
• 平閏
• 沃閏
• 閏井
• 閏一
• 閏賀
• 閏賀橋
• 閏間
• 閏系
• 閏刑
• 閏月
• 閏戸
• 閏子
• 閏住
• 閏田
• 閏統
• 閏二
• 閏日
• 閏秒
• 閏夫
• 閏米
• 置閏法
• 閏木
• 閏野
• 閏余

Etymology

Kanji in this term
閏
うるう Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Noun

閏(うるう) • (urū) 

1. intercalary, leap

   閏日 (うるうび; intercalary day)

   閏年 (うるうどし; leap year)

   閏8月 (うるうはちがつ; intercalary August, according to the lunisolar calendar)

---

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 閏 (MC *nywin^H).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 閠 (閠)/ᅀᅲᆫ〯 (zyǔn) (Yale: zyǔn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. Recorded as Early Modern Korean 윤 (Yale: yun) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ju(ː)n]
• Phonetic hangul: [윤(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource閏 (eumhun 윤달 윤 (yundal yun))

1. Hanja form^? of 윤 (“intercalary”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 윤달 (閏달, yundal, “leap month”)
• 윤월 (閏月, yunwol, “leap month”)
• 윤초 (閏秒, yuncho, “leap second”)
• 윤일 (閏日, yunil, “leap day”)
• 윤년 (閏年, yunnyeon, “leap year”)
• 윤삭 (閏朔, yunsak)
• 정윤 (正閏, jeong'yun)
• 치윤법 (置閏法, chiyunbeop)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

閏: Hán Nôm readings: nhuận, nhộn, nhuần, nhún

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.