開花

開花

See also: 开花

Chinese

		open; operate (vehicle); start	flower; blossom; to spend flower; blossom; to spend; fancy pattern
trad. (開花)		開	花
simp. (开花)		开	花

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kāihuā

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ ㄏㄨㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi¹ faa¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khôi-fâ
• Min Nan (POJ): khui-hoe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: kāihuā
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ ㄏㄨㄚ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaihua
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoi¹ faa¹
    • Yale: hōi fā
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoi¹ faa¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hoi¹ fa¹
    • IPA ^(key): /hɔːy̯⁵⁵ fäː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khôi-fâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: koi´ fa´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: koi¹ fa¹
    • IPA: /kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khui-hoe
    • Tâi-lô: khui-hue
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qui'hoef
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰui³³ hue³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

Verb

開花

1. to blossom; to bloom; to flower

   • 但有一個夢，不會死，記著吧！無論雨怎麼打，自由仍是會開花！ [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
     但有一个梦，不会死，记着吧！无论雨怎么打，自由仍是会开花！ [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 周禮茂 (lyricist), 《自由花》

     Daan⁶ jau⁵ jat¹ go³ mung⁶, bat¹ wui⁵ sei², gei³ zoek⁶ baa⁶! Mou⁴ leon⁴ jyu⁵ zam² mo¹ daa², zi⁶ jau⁴ jing⁴ si⁶ wui⁵ hoi¹ faa¹! [Jyutping]

     But there is a dream [which] does not die, remember it! No matter how [heavy] the rain is, freedom will still blossom!

2. (figuratively) to burst; to split open; to break open
3. (figuratively) to burst with joy
4. (figuratively) to spread over; to spring up

Derived terms

開花植物／开花植物 (kāihuā zhíwù)

開花結果／开花结果 (kāihuā-jiēguǒ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (開花):

• → Japanese: 開花 (かいか) (kaika)
• → Korean: 개화 (開花, gaehwa)
• → Vietnamese: khai hoa (開花)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
開	花
かい Grade: 3	か Grade: 1
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 開花 (khoj xwæ, literally “to open + flower”). Compare modern Mandarin reading kāihuā.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • (Tokyo) か​いか [káꜜìkà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [ka̠ika̠]

Noun

開花 (hiragana かいか, rōmaji kaika, historical hiragana かいくわ)

1. flowering, blossoming

   今年 (ことし)は開花 (かいか)が早 (はや)い。

   Kotoshi wa kaika ga hayai.

   This year's bloom was early.

2. (by extension) showing results, bearing fruit, being successful

Verb

開花する (intransitive, hiragana かいかする, rōmaji kaika suru)

1. to flower, to blossom, to bloom
2. (by extension) to show results, to bear fruit, to be a success

Conjugation

Conjugation of "開花する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	開花し	かいかし	kaika shi
Continuative (連用形)	開花し	かいかし	kaika shi
Terminal (終止形)	開花する	かいかする	kaika suru
Attributive (連体形)	開花する	かいかする	kaika suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	開花すれ	かいかすれ	kaika sure
Imperative (命令形)	開花せよ¹ 開花しろ²	かいかせよ¹ かいかしろ²	kaika seyo¹ kaika shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	開花される	かいかされる	kaika sareru
Causative	開花させる 開花さす	かいかさせる かいかさす	kaika saseru kaika sasu
Potential	開花できる	かいかできる	kaika dekiru
Volitional	開花しよう	かいかしよう	kaika shiyō
Negative	開花しない	かいかしない	kaika shinai
Negative continuative	開花せず	かいかせず	kaika sezu
Formal	開花します	かいかします	kaika shimasu
Perfective	開花した	かいかした	kaika shita
Conjunctive	開花して	かいかして	kaika shite
Hypothetical conditional	開花すれば	かいかすれば	kaika sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

• (bloom): 咲 (さ)く (saku)

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

• 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.