開

See also: 开

開	U+958B, 開 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-958B

← 閊
[U+958A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

閌 →
[U+958C]

開	U+2F9EE, 開 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9EE

← 𨯺
[U+2F9ED]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

䦕 →
[U+2F9EF]

Translingual

Han character

開 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓一廿 (ANMT), four-corner 7744₁, composition ⿵門开(U+958B) or ⿵門幵(U+2F9EE))

Derived characters

鐦(锎), 𢵱, 𤡲, 𣛣(𬂻), 𣾺, 𥖆, 𦼠, 𥳐, 𨷑, 𩦓, 𫔦(𬮫), 𫙸, 𫫭, 𫯿

References

KangXi: page 1331, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41233
Dae Jaweon: page 1835, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4286, character 2
Unihan data for U+958B
Unihan data for U+2F9EE

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 開
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 門 (“door”) + 一 (“latch”) + 廾 (“a pair of hands”) — a pair of hands opening a latched door. 一 and 廾 are combined into 开 since the seal script.

Compare 闢.

Etymology 1

trad.		開
simp.		开^*
alternative forms		𫔭 obsolete Singapore simp. 𨵑

According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-k(w)a-j (“mouth; opening; spread; door; face; jaw”). Cognate with 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ, “door”), Tibetan ཁ (kha, “mouth”), Tibetan སྒོ (sgo, “door”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): kāi (kai¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ
(Chengdu, SP): kai¹
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): кэ (ke, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): hoi¹
(Taishan, Wiktionary): hoi¹
Gan (Wiktionary): kai¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khôi
(Meixian, Guangdong): koi¹
Jin (Wiktionary): kai¹
Min Bei (KCR): kṳé
Min Dong (BUC): kŭi / kăi
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khui / khai
(Teochew, Peng'im): kui¹ / kai¹
Wu (Wiktionary): khe (T1)
Xiang (Wiktionary): kai¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kāi
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kai
  - Wade–Giles: kʻai¹
  - Yale: kāi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kai
  - Palladius: кай (kaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: kai¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: кэ (ke, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɛ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hoi¹
  - Yale: hōi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hoi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hoi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hᵘɔi³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: kai¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khôi
  - Hakka Romanization System: koi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: koi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰoi̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: koi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰoɪ⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: kai¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰxai¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kṳé
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyɛ⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kŭi / kăi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰui⁵⁵/, /kʰai⁵⁵/

Note:

kŭi - vernacular;
kăi - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Klang, Singapore, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khui
  - Tâi-lô: khui
  - Phofsit Daibuun: quy
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Klang, Philippines): /kʰui³³/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /kʰui⁵⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Changtai, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /kʰui⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Klang, Singapore, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khai
  - Tâi-lô: khai
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qay
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Klang, Philippines): /kʰai³³/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /kʰai⁵⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Changtai, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /kʰai⁴⁴/

Note:

khui - vernacular;
khai - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kui¹ / kai¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khui / khai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰui³³/, /kʰai³³/

Note:

kui1 - vernacular;
kai1 - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: khe (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰe̞⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: kai¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai³³/

Middle Chinese: /kʰʌi/

Rime
Character	開
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦哀切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəi/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəj/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀi/
Wang Li	/kʰɒi/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kāi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Nə-[k]ʰˤəj/, /*[k]ʰˤəj/
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	開	開
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kāi	kāi
Middle Chinese	‹ khoj ›	‹ khoj ›
Old Chinese	/*Nə-[k]ʰˁəj/	/*[k]ʰˁəj/
English	to open (v.i.)	to open (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	開
Reading #	1/1
No.	7348
Phonetic component	開
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	開
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯːl/

Definitions

開

to open; to unlatch; to unfasten
我開不到這扇門。／我开不到这扇门。 ― Wǒ kāi budào zhè shàn mén. ― I can't open the door.
商店開到八點。／商店开到八点。 ― Shāngdiàn kāi dào bā diǎn. ― The shop opens till eight o'clock.
to start; to turn on; to switch on
開電燈／开电灯 ― kāi diàndēng ― to switch the light on
開電腦／开电脑 ― kāi diànnǎo ― to turn on the computer
to make an opening; to open up
開荒／开荒 ― kāihuāng ― to open up wasteland
開運河／开运河 ― kāi yùnhé ― to dig a canal
在牆上開個洞／在墙上开个洞 ― zài qiáng shàng kāi ge dòng ― to make a hole in the wall
to open out
花開了。／花开了。 ― Huā kāi le. ― The flower is blooming.
(of a frozen river) to thaw
to begin; to start
開工／开工 ― kāigōng ― to start working
to start; to set up; to open
開間燒臘舖／开间烧腊铺 [Cantonese] ― hoi¹ gaan¹ siu¹ laap⁶ pou^3-2 [Jyutping] ― to open a roasted meats shop
我開了個銀行帳戶。 [MSC, trad.]
我开了个银行帐户。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ kāi le ge yínxíng zhànghù. [Pinyin]
I opened a bank account.
to remove (a ban or restriction)
開禁／开禁 ― kāijìn ― to lift a ban
開齋／开斋 ― kāizhāi ― to resume a meat diet
to boil (bubble and turn to vapour)
水開了沒有？／水开了没有？ ― Shuǐ kāi le méiyǒu? ― Has the water boiled?
to write out (a prescription, check, invoice, etc.)
開支票／开支票 ― kāi zhīpiào ― to write a check
我們開了一張學生必讀書單。 [MSC, trad.]
我们开了一张学生必读书单。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒmen kāi le yī zhāng xuéshēng bìdú shūdān. [Pinyin]
We made a list of required books for students.
to book (a hotel room)
to operate/run a business
- 係做木匠、在前開過一間細木舖、後來亦關唨咯、而家靜靠同人做工夫嚟過日子、 [Cantonese, trad.]
  系做木匠、在前开过一间细木铺、后来亦关唨咯、而家静靠同人做工夫嚟过日子、 [Cantonese, simp.]
  From: 粵音指南·上卷, 卷之一　應對須知
  hai⁶ zou⁶ muk⁶ zoeng^6-2, zoi⁶ cin⁴ hoi¹ gwo³ jat¹ gaan¹ sai³ muk⁶ pou^3-2, hau⁶ loi⁴ jik⁶ gwaan¹ zo² lo³, ji⁴ gaa¹ zing⁶ kaau³ tung⁴ jan⁴ zou⁶ gung¹ fu¹ lai⁴ gwo³ jat⁶ zi², [Jyutping]
  He used to work as a woodworker; he had operated a small wood shop, and later closed it as well; currently he only relies on working for other people to make a living.
- 1905, T. B. Adam, An English-Chinese dictionary of the Foochow dialect
  Apothecary, kŭi iŏh dáing gì nè̤ng.
  (開藥店其人, literally, "a person who runs a pharmacy")
to hold (a meeting, exhibition, etc.)
開會／开会 ― kāihuì ― to hold a meeting
to pay
開工資／开工资 ― kāi gōngzī ― to pay wages
to operate; to drive (a vehicle)
開車／开车 ― kāichē ― to drive a car
開炮／开炮 ― kāipào ― to fire a cannon
船長把船開到對岸去。 [MSC, trad.]
船长把船开到对岸去。 [MSC, simp.]
Chuánzhǎng bǎ chuán kāi dào duì'àn qù. [Pinyin]
The captain sailed the boat to the opposite bank.
火車已經開了。／火车已经开了。 ― Huǒchē yǐjīng kāi le. ― The train has already departed.
apart; away
散開／散开 ― sànkāi ― to separate and strew; to scatter; to disperse
走開／走开 ― zǒukāi ― to move out of the way
坐開／坐开 [Cantonese] ― co⁵ hoi¹ [Jyutping] ― to sit farther away
唔好遊咁開／唔好游咁开 [Cantonese] ― m⁴ hou² jau⁴ gam³ hoi¹ [Jyutping] ― don't swim so far away
(informal) Short for 開除／开除 (kāichú, “to fire; to sack; to discharge; to dismiss”).
(Cantonese) Habitual aspect particle.
你有冇食開啲乜嘢藥㗎？ [Cantonese, trad.]
你有冇食开啲乜嘢药㗎？ [Cantonese, simp.]
nei⁵ jau⁵ mou⁵ sik⁶ hoi¹ di¹ mat¹ je⁵ joek⁶ gaa³? [Jyutping]
Are you taking any medication?
去開買餸，幫我買樽豉油吖。 [Cantonese, trad.]
去开买𩠌，帮我买樽豉油吖。 [Cantonese, simp.]
heoi³ hoi¹ maai⁵ sung³, bong¹ ngo⁵ maai⁵ zeon¹ si⁶ jau⁴ aa¹. [Jyutping]
When you go and do your groceries, buy a bottle of soy sauce for me.
(physics) Short for 開爾文／开尔文 (kāi'ěrwén, “kelvin”).
(Chinese phonetics) Short for 開口／开口 (kāikǒu, “open-mouthed”).
a surname

Synonyms

(to open): 闢／辟 (pì)

Antonyms

(to open, to turn on): 關／关 (guān)
(apart):
- 過來／过来 (guòlái)
- (Cantonese) 埋 (maai4)

Compounds

Derived terms from 開

不開／不开
不開交／不开交
不開眼／不开眼 (bùkāiyǎn)
丟開／丢开 (diūkāi)
丟開手／丢开手
伸開／伸开 (shēnkāi)
倒不開／倒不开
全開／全开
公開／公开 (gōngkāi)
公開信／公开信 (gōngkāixìn)
公開賽／公开赛 (gōngkāisài)
分開／分开 (fēnkāi)
剖開／剖开
劈開／劈开 (pīkāi)
勒開／勒开
半開化／半开化
半開眼／半开眼
半開門／半开门
召開／召开 (zhàokāi)
吃不開／吃不开
吃得開／吃得开
大開／大开
天開眼／天开眼
尋開心／寻开心 (xúnkāixīn)
對開／对开 (duìkāi)
小開／小开 (xiǎokāi)
展開／展开 (zhǎnkāi)
岔開／岔开
張開／张开 (zhāngkāi)
性開放／性开放
想不開／想不开 (xiǎngbùkāi)
想得開／想得开 (xiǎngdekāi)
想開／想开 (xiǎngkāi)
截開／截开
打開／打开 (dǎkāi)
扭開／扭开
抖開／抖开
抹不開／抹不开
拆開／拆开 (chāikāi)
拉開／拉开 (lākai)
拋開／抛开 (pāokāi)
挪開／挪开 (nuókāi)
捅開／捅开
掀開／掀开 (xiānkāi)
掉開／掉开
掙開／挣开
推開／推开
掰開／掰开 (bāikāi)
揭開／揭开 (jiēkāi)
搬開／搬开 (bānkāi)
撂開／撂开
撂開手／撂开手
撇開／撇开 (piēkāi)
撐開／撑开
撒開／撒开
撕開／撕开
撥開／拨开 (bōkāi)
撬開／撬开 (qiàokāi)
擇不開／择不开
擘開／擘开 (bòkāi)
擰開／拧开
擺不開／摆不开
擺開／摆开 (bǎikāi)
攤開／摊开 (tānkāi)
支開／支开
放開／放开 (fàngkāi)
敞開／敞开 (chǎngkāi)
敞開兒／敞开儿
散開／散开 (sànkāi)
敲開／敲开 (qiāokāi)
明開／明开
易開罐／易开罐 (yìkāiguàn)
未開／未开 (wèikāi)
格開／格开
沒開交／没开交
洞開／洞开 (dòngkāi)
滾開／滚开 (gǔnkāi)
登開／登开
發開／发开
白開水／白开水 (báikāishuǐ)
盛開／盛开 (shèngkāi)
眉開／眉开
看得開／看得开
看開／看开 (kànkāi)
睜開／睁开
磨不開／磨不开
窮開心／穷开心
綻開／绽开 (zhànkāi)
綽開／绰开
翻開／翻开 (fānkāi)
蘭開夏／兰开夏
行開／行开
裂開／裂开 (lièkāi)
解開／解开 (jiěkāi)
計開／计开
說開／说开
調開／调开
談開／谈开
走不開／走不开
走得開／走得开
起開／起开
趕開／赶开
躲開／躲开 (duǒkai)
避開／避开 (bìkāi)
邁開／迈开 (màikāi)
鋪開／铺开
閃開／闪开 (shǎnkāi)
開OT／开OT
開不開／开不开
開交／开交 (kāijiāo)
開仗／开仗 (kāizhàng)
開伙／开伙
開伯爾山口／开伯尔山口 (Kāibó'ěr Shānkǒu)
開例／开例
開倒車／开倒车 (kāidàochē)
開價／开价 (kāijià)
開價兒／开价儿
開元／开元 (kāiyuán)
開元禮／开元礼
開元錄／开元录
開先例／开先例
開光／开光 (kāiguāng)
開具／开具 (kāijù)
開冬／开冬
開凍／开冻 (kāidòng)
開刀／开刀 (kāidāo)
開刃／开刃 (kāirèn)
開刃兒／开刃儿
開列／开列 (kāiliè)
開初／开初 (kāichū)
開創／开创 (kāichuàng)
開動／开动 (kāidòng)
開化／开化 (kāihuà)
開化史／开化史
開印／开印
開卷／开卷 (kāijuàn)
開卷考／开卷考
開取／开取
開口／开口 (kāikǒu)
開口呼／开口呼 (kāikǒuhū)
開口子／开口子
開口笑／开口笑 (kāikǒuxiào)
開口跳／开口跳
開口閉口／开口闭口 (kāikǒubìkǒu)
開司米／开司米 (kāisīmǐ)
開呵／开呵
開啟／开启 (kāiqǐ)
開喪／开丧
開單／开单

開嗙／开嗙
開國／开国 (kāiguó)
開園／开园 (kāiyuán)
開地／开地
開坊／开坊
開基／开基 (kāijī)
開堂／开堂
開場／开场 (kāichǎng)
開場白／开场白 (kāichǎngbái)
開塞利／开塞利
開墒／开墒 (kāishāng)
開墾／开垦 (kāikěn)
開士／开士
開外／开外
開夜車／开夜车 (kāiyèchē)
開天窗／开天窗 (kāitiānchuāng)
開天闢地／开天辟地 (kāitiānpìdì)
開奬／开奖
開姆尼茨／开姆尼茨
開始／开始 (kāishǐ)
開學／开学 (kāixué)
開宗明義／开宗明义 (kāizōngmíngyì)
開審／开审
開封／开封 (kāifēng)
開導／开导 (kāidǎo)
開小差／开小差 (kāi xiǎochāi)
開小差兒／开小差儿
開尾韻／开尾韵
開局／开局 (kāijú)
開屏／开屏 (kāipíng)
開展／开展 (kāizhǎn)
開山／开山 (kāishān)
開山刀／开山刀 (kāishāndāo)
開山斧／开山斧
開山機／开山机
開山祖師／开山祖师
開山門／开山门
開州／开州 (Kāizhōu, “Kaizhou”)
開工／开工 (kāigōng)
開差／开差
開市／开市 (kāishì)
開席／开席
開帳／开帐
開幕／开幕 (kāimù)
開幕式／开幕式 (kāimùshì)
開幫／开帮
開平／开平 (Kāipíng)
開平方／开平方
開平盤／开平盘
開年／开年 (kāinián)
開店／开店 (kāidiàn)
開庭／开庭 (kāitíng)
開廟／开庙
開弓／开弓 (kāigōng)
開弔／开吊 (kāidiào)
開弦弓／开弦弓 (Kāixiángōng)
開張／开张 (kāizhāng)
開往／开往
開征／开征
開後門／开后门
開後門兒／开后门儿
開復／开复 (kāifù)
開徵／开征 (kāizhēng)
開心／开心 (kāixīn)
開心丸兒／开心丸儿
開心斧／开心斧
開心果／开心果 (kāixīnguǒ)
開快車／开快车
開恩／开恩 (kāi'ēn)
開悟／开悟 (kāiwù)
開懷／开怀 (kāihuái)
開懷兒／开怀儿
開戒／开戒
開戰／开战 (kāizhàn)
開戲／开戏
開戶／开户 (kāihù)
開房間／开房间 (kāi fángjiān)
開手／开手
開手錢／开手钱
開打／开打 (kāidǎ)
開拍／开拍 (kāipāi)
開拓／开拓 (kāituò)
開拔／开拔
開挖／开挖 (kāiwā)
開排／开排
開掘／开掘 (kāijué)
開採／开采 (kāicǎi)
開播／开播 (kāibō)
開支／开支 (kāizhī)
開放／开放 (kāifàng)
開放型／开放型
開敏／开敏
開敞地／开敞地
開數／开数
開新板／开新板
開方／开方 (kāifāng)
開明／开明 (kāimíng)
開映／开映
開春／开春 (kāichūn)
開春兒／开春儿
開普敦／开普敦 (Kāipǔdūn)
開晴／开晴
開暢／开畅
開曠／开旷
開會／开会 (kāihuì)
開朗／开朗 (kāilǎng)
開本／开本 (kāiběn)
開板／开板
開板兒／开板儿
開架／开架 (kāijià)
開業／开业 (kāiyè)
開槍／开枪 (kāiqiāng)
開槓／开杠 (kāigàng)
開標／开标 (kāibiāo)
開機／开机 (kāijī)
開歲／开岁
開氣兒／开气儿
開水／开水 (kāishuǐ)
開江／开江
開汽水／开汽水
開河／开河 (kāihé)
開泰／开泰
開洋／开洋 (kāiyáng)
開洋葷／开洋荤
開消／开消
開涮／开涮 (kāishuàn)
開源／开源 (kāiyuán)
開源節流／开源节流
開溜／开溜
開演／开演 (kāiyǎn)
開濟／开济
開濬／开濬
開火／开火 (kāihuǒ)
開火兒／开火儿
開炮／开炮
開爐／开炉 (kāilú)
開片／开片
開犁／开犁 (kāilí)
開獎／开奖 (kāijiǎng)
開玩笑／开玩笑 (kāi wánxiào)
開班／开班
開球／开球
開瓢兒／开瓢儿
開瓶費／开瓶费
開疆／开疆 (kāijiāng)
開發／开发 (kāifā)
開發井／开发井
開發區／开发区 (kāifāqū)

開發商／开发商 (kāifāshāng)
開盤／开盘 (kāipán)
開盤價／开盘价
開盤子／开盘子
開眼／开眼 (kāiyǎn)
開眼界／开眼界
開砲／开炮
開碼頭／开码头
開礦／开矿 (kāikuàng)
開示／开示 (kāishì)
開票／开票 (kāipiào)
開禁／开禁 (kāijìn)
開私門／开私门
開秋／开秋
開科／开科
開秤／开秤
開竅／开窍 (kāiqiào)
開竅兒／开窍儿
開立／开立
開立方／开立方
開端／开端 (kāiduān)
開第／开第
開筆／开笔 (kāibǐ)
開筵／开筵
開篇／开篇
開紅燈／开红灯
開紅盤／开红盘
開素／开素
開綠燈／开绿灯 (kāi lǜdēng)
開綻／开绽
開線／开线
開編／开编
開縫／开缝
開缺／开缺
開罐器／开罐器 (kāiguànqì)
開罪／开罪 (kāizuì)
開罵／开骂 (kāimà)
開羅／开罗 (Kāiluó)
開考／开考 (kāikǎo)
開胃／开胃 (kāiwèi)
開脫／开脱 (kāituō)
開腔／开腔 (kāiqiāng)
開膛／开膛 (kāitáng)
開膠／开胶 (kāijiāo)
開臉／开脸
開臺／开台 (kāitái)
開臺／開台／开台 (kāitái)
開臺鑼鼓／開台鑼鼓／开台锣鼓 (kāitáiluógǔ)
開航／开航 (kāiháng)
開船／开船 (kāichuán)
開花／开花 (kāihuā)
開花兒／开花儿
開花帳／开花帐
開花期／开花期
開花豆／开花豆
開花豆兒／开花豆儿
開荒／开荒 (kāihuāng)
開荒劍／开荒剑
開落／开落
開葷／开荤 (kāihūn)
開蒙／开蒙
開藥方／开药方
開行／开行
開衩／开衩 (kāichà)
開衩兒／开衩儿
開衫／开衫 (kāishān)
開衫兒／开衫儿
開裂／开裂 (kāiliè)
開裾／开裾 (“khui-ki”) (Min Nan)
開襟／开襟
開襠褲／开裆裤 (kāidāngkù)
開解／开解
開言／开言 (kāiyán)
開訓／开训
開設／开设 (kāishè)
開診／开诊
開話／开话
開誠布公／开诚布公 (kāichéngbùgōng)
開誠相見／开诚相见
開課／开课 (kāikè)
開講／开讲 (kāijiǎng)
開議／开议 (kāiyì)
開豁／开豁
開賀／开贺
開賬／开账
開賽／开赛
開赴／开赴 (kāifù)
開路／开路 (kāilù)
開路神／开路神
開車／开车 (kāichē)
開辦／开办 (kāibàn)
開辦費／开办费
開通／开通 (kāitōng)
開進／开进
開運／开运
開過眼／开过眼
開道／开道 (kāidào)
開酒／开酒
開釋／开释 (kāishì)
開金／开金 (kāijīn)
開銷／开销 (kāixiāo)
開鋤／开锄
開鍋／开锅 (kāiguō)
開鏡／开镜
開鐮／开镰
開鑼／开锣 (kāiluó)
開鑿／开凿 (kāizáo)
開門／开门 (kāimén)
開門揖盜／开门揖盗 (kāiményīdào)
開門砲／开门炮
開門紅／开门红 (kāiménhóng)
開門見山／开门见山 (kāiménjiànshān)
開門錢／开门钱
開間／开间
開閘／开闸
開闊／开阔 (kāikuò)
開闊地／开阔地
開闔／开阖
開關／开关 (kāiguān)
開闢／开辟 (kāipì)
開除／开除 (kāichú)
開陽／开阳 (Kāiyáng)
開霽／开霁
開靜／开静
開面／开面
開靨／开靥
開革／开革
開領／开领
開頭／开头 (kāitóu)
開頭兒／开头儿 (kāitóur)
開頭炮／开头炮
開顏／开颜
開風／开风
開風氣／开风气
開飯／开饭 (kāifàn)
開飲機／开饮机
開館／开馆 (kāiguǎn)
開首／开首 (kāishǒu)
開鬨／开哄
開麥拉／开麦拉 (kāimàilā)
開齋／开斋 (kāizhāi)
開齋節／开斋节 (Kāizhāijié)
隔開／隔开 (gékāi)
離不開／离不开 (líbùkāi)
離開／离开 (líkāi)
頓開／顿开
飄開／飘开
鬆開／松开 (sōngkāi)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (開):

→ Japanese: 開(かい) (kai)
→ Vietnamese: khai (開)

Others:

→ Lao: ໄຂ (khai, “open”)
→ Thai: ไข (kǎi, “open”)
→ Zhuang: hai (“open”)

Etymology 2

trad.		開
simp.		开^*
alternative forms		𫔭 obsolete Singapore simp. K

Borrowed from English K (“karat”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kāi (kai¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ke¹
Min Dong (BUC): kă̤
Min Nan (POJ): khe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kāi
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kai
  - Wade–Giles: kʻai¹
  - Yale: kāi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kai
  - Palladius: кай (kaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ke¹
  - Yale: kē
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ke¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ké¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɛː⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kă̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɛ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
  - Tâi-lô: khe
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qef
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰe⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰe³³/

Definitions

開

karat (measure of gold purity)

Compounds

開金／开金 (kāijīn)

Etymology 3

trad.		開
simp.		开^*
alternative forms		嗨

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Definitions

開

(dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) Perfective aspect particle.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“(perfective particle)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		矣₁
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		了
Mandarin	Beijing	了
	Taiwan	了
	Harbin	了
	Yantai (Muping)	了
	Jinan	了
	Luoyang	了
	Wanrong	嘮
	Xi'an	咧
	Yinchuan	了
	Ürümqi	咧
	Wuhan	了
	Chengdu	了
	Guiyang	了
	Guilin	了
	Liuzhou	了
	Xuzhou	了
	Yangzhou	了
	Nanjing	了
	Malaysia	了
	Singapore	了
Cantonese	Guangzhou	咗, 嘵 obsolete
	Hong Kong	咗
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	咗
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	咗
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	耗
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	好
	Macau	咗, 敲
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	咗
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	咗
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	咗
	Foshan	咗
	Foshan (Sanshui)	咗
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	咗
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	哺
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	咗
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	誒, 咗
	Taishan	誒
	Kaiping (Chikan)	誒
	Enping (Niujiang)	誒
	Dongguan	敲
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	好
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	後, 咗
	Qingyuan	咗
	Fogang	咗
	Yingde (Hanguang)	咗
	Shaoguan	咗
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	咗
	Renhua	咗
	Lechang	咗
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	咗
	Xinxing	標
	Luoding	咗
	Yangjiang	都
	Nanning	嗮
	Nanning (Tanka)	嗮
	Wuzhou	啊
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	了
	Guiping	畢
	Guiping (Mule)	開, 了
	Pingnan	開
	Guigang (Gangcheng)	開
	Guigang (Pingdong)	開, 了
	Beihai	了
	Beihai (Nankang)	了
	Beihai (Yingpan)	了
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	了, 咗
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	咗
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	了, 咗
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	咗
	Singapore (Guangfu)	咗
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	咗
	Móng Cái	了, 咗
Gan	Nanchang	了
Gan	Lichuan	了
Hakka	Meixian	了
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	拋, 阿
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	開
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	開
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	開
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	哩
	Wuhua (Changbu)	哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	哩
	Yudu	了
	Hong Kong	開
	Senai (Huiyang)	開
	Kuching (Hepo)	了
Huizhou	Jixi	了
Jin	Taiyuan	咾
Jin	Xinzhou	咾
Jiuxing Yumin	Lanxi	了
Min Bei	Jian'ou	了
Min Dong	Fuzhou	了, 𡅏
Min Nan	Penang (Hokkien)	了
	Singapore (Hokkien)	了
	Manila (Hokkien)	了, 咯
	Chaozhou	了
	Shantou	了
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	了
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	了
Wu	Shanghai	仔, 了
	Shanghai (Chongming)	仔
	Suzhou	仔
	Hangzhou	得, 了
	Ningbo	仔
	Wenzhou	爻
	Jinhua	了

Japanese

Ryakuji for 開, based on ryakuji for 門; compare also 間 and 𫔭.

Kanji

開

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

open

Readings

Go-on: かい (kai, Jōyō); け (ke)
Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
Kun: ひらく (hiraku, 開く, Jōyō); ひらける (hirakeru, 開ける, Jōyō); あける (akeru, 開ける, Jōyō); あく (aku, 開く, Jōyō)
Nanori: さく (saku); はる (haru); はるき (haruki); ひら (hira); ひらかす (hirakasu); ひらき (hiraki); ひらく (hiraku)

Antonyms

(to open): 閉

Derived terms

開く
開ける

Etymology

Kanji in this term
開
かい Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 開 (MC kʰʌi).

Pronunciation

On’yomi

IPA^(key): [ka̠i]

Affix

開(かい) • (kai)

open
start; beginning

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 開 (MC kʰʌi). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆡ (koy) (Yale: koy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource開 (eumhun 열 개 (yeol gae))

Hanja form^? of 개 (“open”).

Compounds

개폐 (開閉, gaepye)
개강 (開講, gaegang)
개관 (開館, gaegwan)
개교 (開校, gaegyo)
개국 (開國, gaeguk)
개막 (開幕, gaemak)
개발 (開發, gaebal)
개방 (開放, gaebang)
개봉 (開封, gaebong)
개설 (開設, gaeseol)
개성 (開城, Gaeseong)
개시 (開始, gaesi)
개업 (開業, gaeeop)
개척 (開拓, gaecheok)
개최 (開催, gaechoe)
개표 (開票, gaepyo)
개학 (開學, gaehak)
개항 (開港, gaehang)
개회 (開會, gaehoe)
공개 (公開, gonggae)
전개 (展開, jeon'gae)
절개 (切開, jeolgae)
타개 (打開, tagae)
재개 (再開, jaegae)
개통 (開通, gaetong)
개화 (開化, gaehwa)
개학 (開學, gaehak)
개장 (開場, gaejang)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

開: Hán Việt readings: khai[1][2][3][4]
開: Nôm readings: khơi[5], khui[5]

(literary) chữ Hán form of khai (“to open, to start, to begin”).
Nôm form of khui (“to open, to pry open”).

References

Trần (1999).
Nguyễn et al. (2009).
Bonet (1899).
Génibrel (1898).
Hồ (1976).

[Trần_(1999)-1] Trần (1999).

[tdcntd-2] Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[bonet-3] Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-4] Génibrel (1898).

[btcn-5] Hồ (1976).