请输入您要查询的单词：

　

单词 門
释义

門

See also: 鬥, 门, and 𠁣𠃛
門 U+9580, 門
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9580
← 长
[U+957F]		CJK Unified Ideographs閁 →
[U+9581]
⾨ U+2FA8, ⾨
KANGXI RADICAL GATE
← ⾧
[U+2FA7]		Kangxi Radicals⾩ →
[U+2FA9]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

門 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日弓 (AN), four-corner 77777, composition ⿰𠁣𠃛)

  1. Kangxi radical #169, ⾨.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №438

Derived characters

  • Appendix:Chinese radical/門
  • 們, 𠵘, 𡍜, 𪩴, 㥃, 捫, 𣶯, 𪺿, 椚, 𦝋, 𦁺, 鍆, 𪘶, 𡮉
  • 問, 悶, 𢛩, 焛, 聞, 誾, 𨉖, 𢠶, 𢡙, 𢡥, 菛, 𭑙, 𮅘, 𮦗, 𤩟, 𡾧, 𤷱, 𡮆
  • 门 (Simplified Chinese)

Further reading

  • KangXi: page 1329, character 53
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41208
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1833, character 38
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4281, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9580

Chinese

trad.門
simp.门
alternative forms𨳇
閅／𮤫
门

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 門
ShangWestern ZhouWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptionsOracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptQin slip scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (門) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蔄*roːs, *mruːns
闅*min, *mrɯn, *mɯn
閩*mrɯn, *mɯn
蕄*mɯːŋ, *mrɯːŋ
門*mɯːn
捫*mɯːn
悶*mɯːns
聞*mɯn, *mɯns
閿*mɯn
問*mɯns

Pictogram (象形) : a gate. Compare 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ, “(one) door”), which is half of this character.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-muːr (“mouth; lip; to hold in mouth; to chew; face; gills”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan མུར་བ (mur ba, “to masticate”), Tibetan མུར་འགྲམ (mur 'gram, “jawbone; cheek”), Mizo hmûi (“lips; upper lip”) and 吻 (OC *mɯnʔ, “lips; corner of the lips”).

“-gate”
Semantic loan from English -gate, which is a back-formation from Watergate. Also influenced by Japanese 羅生門.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): mén (men2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄣˊ
    (Chengdu, SP): men2
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мын (mɨn, I)
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): mun4
  • Gan (Wiktionary): miin4
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mùn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mun2
  • Jin (Wiktionary): meng1
  • Min Bei (KCR): mô̤ng
  • Min Dong (BUC): muòng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): mn̂g / mûi / bûn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mung5 / meng5
  • Wu (Wiktionary): men (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): men5 / men2
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: mén
      • Zhuyin: ㄇㄣˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: mén
      • Wade–Giles: mên2
      • Yale: mén
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: men
      • Palladius: мэнь (mɛnʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /mən³⁵/
    • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (門兒／门儿)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: ménr
      • Zhuyin: ㄇㄣˊㄦ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: ménr
      • Wade–Giles: mênrh2
      • Yale: ménr
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mel
      • Palladius: мэnр (mɛnr)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /məɻ³⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: men2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: men
      • Sinological IPA (key): /mən²¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мын (mɨn, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /məŋ²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: mun4
      • Yale: mùhn
      • Cantonese Pinyin: mun4
      • Guangdong Romanization: mun4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /muːn²¹/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: miin4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /mɨn³⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mùn
      • Hakka Romanization System: munˇ
      • Hagfa Pinyim: mun2
      • Sinological IPA: /mun¹¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: mun2
      • Sinological IPA: /mun¹¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: meng1
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /mə̃ŋ¹¹/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mô̤ng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /mɔŋ³³/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: muòng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /muoŋ⁵³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Jinjiang, Philippines)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mn̂g
      • Tâi-lô: mn̂g
      • Phofsit Daibuun: mngg
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /mŋ̍²³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Lukang, Kinmen, Jinjiang, Philippines): /mŋ̍²⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Penang, Medan)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mûi
      • Tâi-lô: muî
      • Phofsit Daibuun: muii
      • IPA (Penang): /mui²³/
      • IPA (Yilan): /muĩ²⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /muĩ¹³/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn
      • Tâi-lô: bûn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: buun
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bun²³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /bun²⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bun¹³/
Note:
  • mn̂g/mûi - vernacular;
  • bûn - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: mung5 / meng5
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mûng / mṳ̂ng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /muŋ⁵⁵/, /mɯŋ⁵⁵/
Note: meng5 - Jieyang, Chaoyang.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: men (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /məɲ²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: men5 / men2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /mən²¹/, /mən¹³/
  • Middle Chinese: /muən/
Rime
Character門
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)明 (4)
Final (韻)魂 (55)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division (等)I
Fanqie莫奔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/muən/
Pan
Wuyun		/muon/
Shao
Rongfen		/muən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/mwən/
Li
Rong		/muən/
Wang
Li		/muən/
Bernard
Karlgren		/muən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		mén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		mun4
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤə[r]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mɯːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character門
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		mén
Middle
Chinese		‹ mwon ›
Old
Chinese		/*mˁə[r]/
Englishgate, door

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character門
Reading #1/1
No.8960
Phonetic
component		門
Rime
group		文
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		門
Old
Chinese		/*mɯːn/
門/门

Definitions

門

  1. gate; door; entrance; opening; portal (Classifier: 扇 m mn; 道 m c; 度 c; 條／条 c; 隻／只 c; 片 mn)
  2. valve; switch
  3. way of doing something; knack
    門路／门路  ―  ménlù  ―  way of doing something
  4. family
  5. school; sect; school of thought; tradition
    佛門／佛门  ―  fómén  ―  Buddhism
    門生／门生  ―  ménshēng  ―  disciple of a particular tradition
  6. class; category
  7. (taxonomy) phylum; division
  8. (logic, electronics) logic gate
  9. Classifier for lessons, subjects, branches of technology, and languages. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
  10. Classifier for livelihoods, trades, skills, businesses, etc.
    這門生意不好做。／这门生意不好做。  ―  Zhè mén shēngyì bùhǎo zuò.  ―  It's a tough business.
  11. Classifier for thoughts, ideas, or emotions, particularly those forming a system or complex.
    你這一門心思，誰猜得到？ [MSC, trad.]
    你这一门心思，谁猜得到？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zhè yī mén xīnsī, shéi cāidé dào? [Pinyin]
    Who could have guessed all that in your mind?
  12. Classifier for marriage, romantic, or family relations.
    說成一門親事／说成一门亲事  ―  shuō chéng yī mén qīnshì  ―  to successfully make a match
  13. Classifier for large guns.
  14. -gate (a suffix combined with keywords to form the names of scandals)
  15. (anatomy) hilum of an organ
  16. a surname

Synonyms

  • (gate): 閘／闸 (zhá)
Dialectal synonyms of 門 (“door”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese門, 戶
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)門
MandarinBeijing門
Taiwan門
Tianjin門
Chengde門
Tangshan門
Cangzhou門兒
Baoding門
Shijiazhuang門
Chifeng門
Hulunbuir (Hailar)門
Heihe門
Qiqihar門
Harbin門
Jiamusi門
Baicheng門
Changchun門
Tonghua門
Shenyang門
Dandong門
Jinzhou門
Dalian門
Yantai門
Yantai (Muping)門, 門子
Zhucheng門
Jinan門
Jining門
Wanrong門
Shangqiu門
Yuanyang門
Zhengzhou門
Lingbao門
Xinyang門
Baihe門
Hanzhong門
Xi'an門
Baoji門
Yinchuan門
Tianshui門
Lanzhou門
Dunhuang門
Xining門
Hami門
Ürümqi門
Wuhan門
Yichang門
Xiangyang門
Tianmen門
Hong'an門
Chengdu門
Nanchong門
Dazhou門
Hanyuan門
Xichang門
Zigong門
Chongqing門
Guiyang門
Zunyi門
Bijie門
Liping門
Zhaotong門
Dali門
Kunming門
Mengzi門
Guilin門
Liuzhou門
Jishou門
Changde門
Anqing門
Xuzhou門
Fuyang門
Wuhu門
Yangzhou門
Lianyungang門
Lianshui門
Nanjing門
Hefei門
Nantong門
Malaysia門
Singapore門
CantoneseGuangzhou門
Hong Kong門
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)門
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)門
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)門
Dongguan門
Yangjiang門
GanNanchang門
Lichuan門
Pingxiang門
HakkaMeixian門
Miaoli (N. Sixian)門
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)門
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)門
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)門
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)門
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)門
Hong Kong門
Kuching (Hepo)門
HuizhouJixi門
Shexian門
JinTaiyuan門, 門子
Pingyao門
Yangyuan門
Datong門
Xinzhou門子
Lishi門
Linfen門
Changzhi門, 門子
Linhe門
Jining門
Hohhot門
Erenhot門
Pingshan門兒
Zhangjiakou門
Handan門兒
Linzhou門
Suide門
Min BeiJian'ou門
Min DongFuzhou門
Min NanXiamen門
New Taipei (Tamsui)門
New Taipei (Pingxi)門
Kaohsiung門
Kaohsiung (Cijin)門
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)門
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)門
Kaohsiung (Tianliao)門
Yilan (Toucheng)門
Tainan門
Tainan (Anping)門
Penghu (Xiyu)門
Chaozhou門
Shantou門
Jieyang門
Bangkok (Teochew)門
Pontianak (Teochew)門
Leizhou門
Haikou門
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)門
WuShanghai (Chongming)門
Suzhou門
Danyang門
Hangzhou門
Wenzhou門
Jinhua門
XiangChangsha門
Xiangxiang門
Shuangfeng門
  • (large gun classifier): 尊 (zūn)

Compounds

Derived terms from 門

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (門):
  • → Japanese: 門(もん) (mon)
  • → Korean: 문(門) (mun)
  • → Vietnamese: môn (門)

Others:

  • Wutunhua: men

See also

  • (Taxonomy) 生物分類學／生物分类学; 域 (yù, “domain”), 界 (jiè, “kingdom”), 門／门 (mén, “phylum”), 綱／纲 (gāng, “class”), 目 (mù, “order”), 科 (kē, “family”), 屬／属 (shǔ, “genus”), 種／种 (zhǒng, “species”) (Category: zh:Taxonomy)

References

  • “門”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Ryakuji for 門. Compare derived ryakuji for 間 and 開, and simplified Chinese 门.

Kanji

門

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: もん (mon, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ぼん (bon)
  • Kun: かど (kado, 門, Jōyō); いえ (ie, 門); と (to, 門); みうち (miuchi, 門)
  • Nanori: かな (kana); と (to); ひろ (hiro); ゆき (yuki)

Compounds

  • 長(なが)門(と) (Nagato)
  • 鳴(なる)門(と) (Naruto)
  • 毘沙門(びしゃもん)天(てん) (Bishamonten)

Alternative forms

  • (ryakuji) 门 [U+95E8]

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
門
もん
Grade: 2
goon

From Middle Chinese 門 (MC muən).

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi: Goon
    • (Tokyo) も​ん [móꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
    • IPA(key): [mõ̞ɴ]

Noun

門(もん) • (mon) 

  1. a gate
  2. (religion) a sect, school of thought
  3. (biology) a phylum, division
  4. Short for 門限 (mongen): a curfew
Derived terms
  • 雷(かみなり)門(もん) (Kaminarimon)
  • (Taxonomy) 生物(せいぶつ)の分類(ぶんるい) (seibutsunobunrui); ドメイン (domein, “domain”), 界(かい) (kai, “kingdom”), 門(もん) (mon, “phylum”), 綱(こう) (kō, “class”), 目(もく) (moku, “order”), 科(か) (ka, “family”), 屬(ぞく) (zoku, “genus”), 種(しゅ) (shu, “species”) (Category: ja:Taxonomy)

Counter

門(もん) • (-mon) 

  1. counter for cannons or large guns

Affix

門(もん) • (mon) 

  1. doorway, exit and entrance
  2. clan, family, kin
  3. teaching institution
  4. set of academic doctrines
  5. Used in Sanskrit transliterations
Derived terms
  • 部(ぶ)門(もん) (bumon)
  • 専門(せんもん) (senmon)
  • 門(もん)戸(こ) (monko, “family”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
門
かど
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨kado1⟩ → */kadʷo/ → /kado/

From Old Japanese.

The final -do is cognate with 戸 (to, “door”). Compare 籠 (kago, “basket”), which is cognate with 籠 (ko).

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) か​ど [káꜜdò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
    • IPA(key): [ka̠do̞]

Noun

門(かど) • (kado) 

  1. a gate, portal
  2. an entrance, gateway, opening
  3. a clan, family, kin
Derived terms
  • 帝(みかど) (mikado)

Proper noun

門(かど) • (Kado) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
門
と
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 門 – see the following entry.
【戸と】2
[noun] door; a plate placed on doorway
(This term, 門, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

  1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 門 (MC muən).

Historical readings
  • Recorded as Middle Korean 몬 (Yale: mwon) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
  • Recorded as Middle Korean 문 (mwun)訓 (Yale: mwun) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
  • Recorded as Middle Korean 문 (mwun)訓 (Yale: mwun) in Gwangju Cheonjamun (光州千字文 / 광주천자문), 1575.
  • Recorded as Middle Korean 문 (mwun)訓 (Yale: mwun) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mun]
  • Phonetic hangul: [문]

Hanja

Wikisource門 (eumhun 문 문 (mun mun))

  1. Hanja form? of 문 (“gate; door; gateway; portal”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 창문 (窓門, changmun)
  • 부문 (部門, bumun)
  • 후문 (後門, humun)
  • 정문 (正門, jeongmun)
  • 성문 (城門, seongmun)
  • 명문 (名門, myeongmun)
  • 가문 (家門, gamun)
  • 교문 (校門, gyomun)
  • 전문 (專門, jeonmun)
  • 전문가 (專門家, jeonmun'ga)
  • 문외한 (門外漢, munoehan)
  • 자동문 (自動門, jadongmun)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

The final -do is cognate with 戸 (to1, “door”).

Noun

門 (kado1) (kana かど)

  1. a gate, portal
  2. an entrance, gateway, opening
Derived terms
  • 御門 (mi1kado1)
Descendants
  • Japanese: 門 (kado)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

門 (kadu) (kana かづ)

  1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) Same as カド甲 (kado1) above
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4386)
      和加加都乃以都母等夜奈枳以都母以都母於母加古比須須奈理麻之都都母
      waga katu no2 itumoto2 yanagi2 itu mo itu mo omo ka ko1pi1susu narimasitutu mo
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Vietnamese

Han character

門: Hán Nôm readings: môn, món, mon

  1. subject, discipline
  2. (only in compounds) band, gang, clique

Zhuang

Pronoun

門

  1. Sawndip form of mwngz
随便看

　

国际大辞典收录了7408809条英语、德语、日语等多语种在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的翻译及用法，是外语学习的有利工具。

　

Copyright © 2004-2023 idict.net All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/7/31 19:29:44