長沙

長沙

See also: 长沙

Chinese

		long; length; forever long; length; forever; always; constantly; chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop	granule; hoarse; raspy granule; hoarse; raspy; sand; powder; tsar
trad. (長沙)		長	沙
simp. (长沙)		长	沙

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Chángshā

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng⁴ saa¹
• Min Nan (POJ): Tiông-sa / Tiâng-see / Tn̂g-soa
• Xiang (Wiktionary): zhan² sa¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: Chángshā
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Charngsha
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: coeng⁴ saa¹
    • Yale: chèuhng sā
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng⁴ saa¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cêng⁴ sa¹
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃʰœ̽ːŋ²¹ säː⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiông-sa
    • Tâi-lô: Tiông-sa
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diongsaf
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sa⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sa³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiâng-see
    • Tâi-lô: Tiâng-see
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaŋ¹³⁻²² sɛ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tn̂g-soa
    • Tâi-lô: Tn̂g-sua
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dngsoaf
    • IPA (Taipei): /tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ sua⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tŋ̍²³⁻³³ sua⁴⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zhan² sa¹
    • IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡ʂan¹³ sa̠³³/
    • IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡san¹³ sa̠³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɖɨɐŋ  ʃˠa/▼

Rime
Character	長	沙
Reading #	1/3	1/2
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	直良切	所加切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨɐŋ/	/ʃˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiɐŋ/	/ʃᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiɑŋ/	/ʃa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨaŋ/	/ʂaɨ/
Li Rong	/ȡiaŋ/	/ʃa/
Wang Li	/ȡĭaŋ/	/ʃa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯aŋ/	/ʂa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cháng	shā

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə-[N]-traŋ  sˤraj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*daŋ  sraːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	長	沙
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cháng	shā
Middle Chinese	‹ drjang ›	‹ sræ ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə-[N]-traŋ/	/*sˁraj/
English	long (adj.)	sand
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	長	沙
Reading #	2/3	1/2
No.	1276	11025
Phonetic component	長	沙
Rime group	陽	歌
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	長	鯊
Old Chinese	/*daŋ/	/*sraːl/

Proper noun

長沙

1. (～市) Changsha (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Hunan, China)
2. (～縣) Changsha (a county of Changsha, Hunan, China)
3. (historical) Changsha (a former island in the Yangtze estuary now joined to Chongming Island)
4. Short for 長沙傅／长沙傅.
5. (～鎮) Changsha (a town in Kaizhou, Chongqing, China)
6. (～鄉) Changsha (a township in Zongyang, Tongling, Anhui, China)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
長	沙
ちょう Grade: 2	さ Grade: S
on’yomi

Etymology

From Chinese 長沙

Proper noun

長沙 (hiragana ちょうさ, rōmaji Chōsa, historical hiragana ちやうさ)

1. Changsha (places in China)