鍬

See also: 锹

鍬	U+936C, 鍬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-936C

← 鍫
[U+936B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鍭 →
[U+936D]

Translingual

Han character

鍬 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 金竹木火 (CHDF), four-corner 8918₀, composition ⿰釒秋)

shovel

References

KangXi: page 1315, character 3

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40643

Dae Jaweon: page 1815, character 13

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4231, character 16

Unihan data for U+936C

Chinese

trad.		鍬
simp.		锹
2nd round simp.		𫓱
alternative forms		鍫／锹喿鐰銚／铫橾鍫／锹喿鐰銚／铫橾𣂁

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (秋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鍫	*sʰew
篍	sʰiw, sʰiws, *sʰɯw
愀	sʰiwʔ, zɯwʔ
湫	ʔsliwʔ, ʔsɯw, sʰɯw, zɯwʔ
揪	*ʔsɯw
揫	*ʔsɯw
啾	*ʔsɯw
鬏	*ʔsɯw
秋	*sʰɯw
鰍	*sʰɯw
楸	*sʰɯw
秌	*sʰɯw
鞦	*sʰɯw
鶖	*sʰɯw
萩	*sʰɯw
甃	*ʔsrɯws
醔	*sʰrɯw
愁	*zrɯw
僽	*zrɯws

Phono-semantic compound (形聲) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 秋 (OC *sʰɯw) – a metal shovel.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiāo (qiao¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄠ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu¹
Min Nan (POJ): chhiau / chhiu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciao
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiao¹
  - Yale: chyāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiau
  - Palladius: цяо (cjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ciu¹
  - Yale: chīu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: qiu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiau
  - Tâi-lô: tshiau
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiaw
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiau⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiau³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiu
  - Tâi-lô: tshiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiw
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiu⁴⁴/

Definitions

鍬

shovel; spade

Compounds

圓鍬／圆锹

鐵鍬／铁锹 (tiěqiāo)

點鋼鍬／点钢锹

Japanese

Kanji

鍬

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

hoe

Readings

Go-on: しょう (shō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
Kan-on: しょう (shō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: しゅう (shū)^{←しう (siu, historical)}
Kun: くわ (kuwa, 鍬)^{←くは (kufa, historical)}; すき (suki, 鍬)

Compounds

豊(とよ)鍬入(すきいり)姫(ひめの)命(みこと) (Toyosukiirihime no Mikoto)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
鍬
くわ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/kupa/ → /kufa/ → /kuwa/

From Old Japanese.

Ultimate derivation unknown. Possibly derived from 食う (kuu, “to eat up; to bite into”), which has a 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of kuwa.

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) くわ [kùwá] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
(Tokyo) くわ [kúꜜwà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɰᵝa̠]

Noun

鍬(くわ) • (kuwa) ^{←くは (kufa)^?}

a hoe (agricultural tool)
- 711–712, Kojiki (poem 61)
  都芸泥布(つぎねふ)夜麻志呂売能(やましろめの)許(こ)久波(くは)母知(もち)宇知斯淤富泥(うちしおほね)泥士漏能(ねじろの)斯漏多陀牟岐(しろただむき)麻迦受祁婆許曽(まかずけばこそ)斯良受登母伊波米(しらずともいはめ) [Man'yōgana]
  つぎねふ山代(やましろ)女(め)の木(こ)鍬(くわ)持(も)ち打(う)ちし大(おほ)根(ね)根(ね)白(じろ)の白(しろ)腕(ただむき)枕(ま)かずけばこそ知(し)らずとも言(い)はめ [Modern spelling]
  tsuginefu Yamashiro-me no kokuwa mochi uchishi ofone nejiro no shiro-tadamuki makazukeba koso shirazu to mo iwame
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Usage notes

In compounds, this term may refer more broadly to similarly shaped tools for working the earth, such as a plough or a harrow.

Derived terms

鍬(くわ)入(い)れ (kuwa-ire)
鍬弄(くわいじ)り (kuwaijiri)
鍬形(くわがた) (kuwagata)
鍬下(くわした) (kuwashita)
御(お)鍬(くわ)立(た)て (o-kuwatate)
鍬(くわ)取(と)り (kuwatori)
鍬初(くわはじ)め (kuwa-hajime)
鍬平(くわびら) (kuwabira)
鍬(くわ)箒(ぼうき) (kuwabōki)
鍬焼(くわやき), 鍬(くわ)焼(や)き (kuwayaki)
鐙(あぶみ)鍬(ぐわ) (abumiguwa)
鋳(い)鍬(ぐわ) (iguwa)
牛鍬(うしぐわ) (ushiguwa, “oxen plough”)
馬鍬(うまぐわ) (umaguwa)
金鍬(かなぐわ) (kanaguwa)
河内(かわち)鍬(ぐわ) (Kawachi-guwa)
久六(きゅうろく)鍬(ぐわ) (kyūroku-guwa), 久六(くろく)鍬(ぐわ) (kuroku-guwa)
黒鍬(くろくわ) (kuro kuwa)
格子(こうし)鍬(ぐわ) (kōshi-guwa)
木(こ)鍬(くわ) (kokuwa)
作鍬(さくぐわ) (sakuguwa)
鋤鍬(すきくわ) (sukikuwa)
唐鍬(とうぐわ) (tōguwa), 唐鍬(とうが) (tōga)
備中(びっちゅう)鍬(ぐわ) (Bitchū-guwa)
踏(ふ)み鍬(ぐわ) (fumiguwa)
馬(ま)鍬(ぐわ) (maguwa), 馬鍬(まんぐわ) (manguwa), 馬鍬(まんが) (manga, “harrow”)
股鍬(またぐわ) (mataguwa)
斎(ゆ)鍬(くわ) (yukuwa)

Idioms

鍬(くわ)を入(い)れる (kuwa o ireru)
鍬(くわ)を抜(ぬ)かす (kuwa o nukasu)

Proverbs

縁(えん)の下(した)の鍬使(くわづか)い (en no shita no kuwa-zukai)

Proper noun

鍬(くわ) • (Kuwa) ^{←くは (kufa)^?}

a surname

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

鍬

Hanja

鍬 (eum 초 (cho))

(가래 초): a spade, shovel, ploughshare

Synonyms

(spade, shovel, ploughshare): 鍤 (鍤) (가래 삽), 鍬 (가래 초), 鏵 (가래 화), 鋘 (가래 화)

Vietnamese

Han character

鍬: Hán Nôm readings: thâu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN