鍛冶

鍛冶

See also: 锻冶

Chinese

		forge; wrought; to discipline	smelt
trad. (鍛冶)		鍛	冶
simp. (锻冶)		锻	冶

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): duànyě

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄧㄝˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dyun³ je⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: duànyě
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄧㄝˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: duànyě
    • Wade–Giles: tuan⁴-yeh³
    • Yale: dwàn-yě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duannyee
    • Palladius: дуанье (duanʹje)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /twän⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: dyun³ je⁵
    • Yale: dyun yéh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dyn³ je⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: dün³ yé⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyːn³³ jɛː¹³/

Verb

鍛冶

1. to forge and smelt (metal)
2. (figuratively) to steel oneself or to measure one's words

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鍛冶):

• → Japanese: 鍛(たん)冶(や) (tan'ya)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鍛	冶
かじ
Grade: S	Grade: S
jukujikun

⟨kana uti⟩ → ⟨kanuti⟩ → */kaᶮdi/ → /kad͡ʑi/ → /kaʑi/

Shift from Old Japanese 鍛 (kanuti, modern pronunciation kanuchi, literally “forging, smithing”), equivalent to a compound of 金 (kana, ancient combining form of kane, “metal”) +‎ 打ち (uchi, “striking”).[1][2][3]

The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 鍛冶.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) か​じ [káꜜjì] (Atamadaka – [1])[3][4]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ʑi]

Noun

鍛冶(かじ) • (kaji) ^{←かぢ (kadi)?}

1. forging, smithing

   鍛冶(かじ)の神(かみ)、パーフォロス ― Kaji no Kami, Pāforosu ― Purphoros, God of the Forge

2. a metalsmith, smith

   Synonym: 鍛冶屋 (kajiya)

3. (historical) Short for 鍛冶司 (kaji no tsukasa): the official imperial court metalsmith or overseer of metalsmiths in the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of ancient Japan

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 鍛冶(かじ)神(しん) (Kajishin)
• 鍛冶(かじの)司(つかさ) (kaji no tsukasa)
• 鍛冶(かじ)屋(や) (kajiya)
• 鍛冶(かじ)橋(ばし)狩野(かのう) (Kajibashi Kanō, one of the four Kanō schools in the Edo Period, founded by Kanō Tan'yū)
• 鍛冶(かじ)橋(ばし)門(もん) (Kajibashi Mon, one of the gates in the Edo city walls)
• 鍛冶(かじ)始(はじ)め (kajihajime, “first smithing work of the year”)
• 鍛冶(かじ)匠(たくみ) (kajitakumi, “professional smith, master smith”)
• 鍛冶(かじ)場(ば) (kajiba, “smithy, a forge”)
• 鍛冶(かじ)炭(ずみ) (kajizumi, “soft charcoal used for smithing”)
• 鍛冶(かじ)町(ちょう) (Kajichō, placename in Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo; from land gifted to noted smiths in the Edo period)
• 鍛冶(かじ)被(かぶり) (kajikaburi, “cleaning cloth folded in half twice and worn on the head by a smith while working”)
• 鍛冶(かじ)者(しゃ) (kajisha, “smith”, rare)
• 鍛冶(かじ)師(し) (kajishi, “smith”)
• 大(おお)鍛冶(かじ) (ōkaji)
• 釘(くぎ)鍛冶(かじ) (kugikaji)
• 鍬(くわ)鍛冶(かじ) (kuwakaji)
• 小(こ)鍛冶(かじ) (Kokaji)
• 五(ご)鍛冶(かじ) (Go Kaji)
• 御(ご)番(ばん)鍛冶(かじ) (goban kaji), 番(ばん)鍛冶(かじ) (ban kaji)
• 鉄(てっ)砲(ぽう)鍛冶(かじ) (teppō kaji)
• 野(の)鍛冶(かじ) (nokaji)
• 大和(やまと)鍛冶(かじ) (Yamato kaji)

Idioms

• 鍛冶(かじ)の明日(あした)に紺屋(こんや)の明後日(あさって) (kaji no ashita ni kon'ya no asatte, “a smith's tomorrow, but a dyer's day after tomorrow”, metaphor for someone who makes promises easily but always breaks them)

Proper noun

鍛冶(かじ) • (Kaji) ^{←かぢ (kadi)?}

1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鍛	冶
たん Grade: S	や Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 鍛冶 (MC tuɑn^H jia^X, literally “forge + smelt”).

Compare modern Mandarin 锻冶 (duànyě).

Noun

鍛(たん)冶(や) • (tan'ya) 

1. forging, smithing
2. a metalsmith, a smith

Verb

鍛(たん)冶(や)する • (tan'ya suru) suru (stem 鍛(たん)冶(や)し (tan'ya shi), past 鍛(たん)冶(や)した (tan'ya shita))

1. to forge, smith

Conjugation

Conjugation of "鍛冶する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	鍛冶し	たんやし	tan'ya shi
Continuative (連用形)	鍛冶し	たんやし	tan'ya shi
Terminal (終止形)	鍛冶する	たんやする	tan'ya suru
Attributive (連体形)	鍛冶する	たんやする	tan'ya suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	鍛冶すれ	たんやすれ	tan'ya sure
Imperative (命令形)	鍛冶せよ¹ 鍛冶しろ²	たんやせよ¹ たんやしろ²	tan'ya seyo¹ tan'ya shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	鍛冶される	たんやされる	tan'ya sareru
Causative	鍛冶させる 鍛冶さす	たんやさせる たんやさす	tan'ya saseru tan'ya sasu
Potential	鍛冶できる	たんやできる	tan'ya dekiru
Volitional	鍛冶しよう	たんやしよう	tan'ya shiyō
Negative	鍛冶しない	たんやしない	tan'ya shinai
Negative continuative	鍛冶せず	たんやせず	tan'ya sezu
Formal	鍛冶します	たんやします	tan'ya shimasu
Perfective	鍛冶した	たんやした	tan'ya shita
Conjunctive	鍛冶して	たんやして	tan'ya shite
Hypothetical conditional	鍛冶すれば	たんやすれば	tan'ya sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN