錮

錮

See also: 锢

錮 U+932E, 錮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-932E ← 錭 [U+932D] CJK Unified Ideographs 錯 → [U+932F]

Translingual

Han character

錮 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 金田十口 (CWJR), four-corner 8610₀, composition ⿰釒固)

References

• KangXi: page 1312, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40578
• Dae Jaweon: page 1813, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4219, character 6
• Unihan data for U+932E

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Chinese

trad.		錮
simp.		锢

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 錮
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
箇	*kaːls
個	*kaːls
居	*kɯ, *kas
橭	*kaː, *kʰaː
嫴	*kaː
姑	*kaː
辜	*kaː
酤	*kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄	*kaː
鴣	*kaː
沽	*kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬	*kaː, *kaːʔ
古	*kaːʔ
罟	*kaːʔ
估	*kaːʔ
鈷	*kaːʔ
詁	*kaːʔ
牯	*kaːʔ
故	*kaːs
固	*kaːs
稒	*kaːɡs
痼	*kaːɡs
錮	*kaːɡs
鯝	*kaːɡs
棝	*kaːɡs
凅	*kaːɡs
枯	*kʰaː
軲	*kʰaː
跍	*kʰaː
骷	*kʰaː
苦	*kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
葫	*qʰaː, *ɡaː
餬	*ɡaː
瑚	*ɡaː
湖	*ɡaː
鶘	*ɡaː
猢	*ɡaː
醐	*ɡaː
糊	*ɡaː
箶	*ɡaː
蝴	*ɡaː
胡	*ɡaː
瓳	*ɡaː
怙	*ɡaːʔ
祜	*ɡaːʔ
岵	*ɡaːʔ
婟	*ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
楛	*ɡaːʔ
据	*ka
裾	*ka
琚	*ka
椐	*ka, *kas, *kʰa
鶋	*ka
蜛	*ka
崌	*ka
涺	*ka
腒	*ka, *ɡa
鋸	*kas
倨	*kas
踞	*kas
涸	*ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kaːɡs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 固 (OC *kaːs).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gù (gu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gu³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gù
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gù
    • Wade–Giles: ku⁴
    • Yale: gù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guh
    • Palladius: гу (gu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gu³
    • Yale: gu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gu³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kuo^H/

Rime
Character	錮
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古暮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuoH/
Pan Wuyun	/kuoH/
Shao Rongfen	/koH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔH/
Li Rong	/koH/
Wang Li	/kuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuoH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gu3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤaʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	錮
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gù
Middle Chinese	‹ kuH ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁaʔ-s/
English	chronic (of illness)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	錮
Reading #	1/1
No.	4233
Phonetic component	古
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	顧
Old Chinese	/*kaːɡs/

Definitions

錮

1. to run metal into cracks
2. to confine; to imprison
3. ^† chronic (of illness)

Compounds

久錮／久锢 囚錮鋒／囚锢锋 廢錮／废锢 禁錮／禁锢 (jìngù)

錮漏／锢漏 錮疾／锢疾 錮蔽／锢蔽

錮身／锢身 黨錮／党锢 (dǎnggù) 黨錮之禍／党锢之祸

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Japanese

Kanji

錮

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. to tie; confine

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
• Kun: ふさぐ (fusagu, 錮ぐ)

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 錮 (MC kuo^H). Recorded as Middle Korean 고〯 (kwǒ) (Yale: kwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource錮 (eumhun 막을 고 (mageul go))

1. Hanja form^? of 고 (“to confine”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 금고 (禁錮, geumgo)
• 당고 (黨錮, danggo)
• 금고형 (禁錮刑, geumgohyeong)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

錮: Hán Nôm readings: cố

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