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单词 錦
释义

錦

See also: 锦
錦 U+9326, 錦
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9326
← 錥
[U+9325]		CJK Unified Ideographs錧 →
[U+9327]

Translingual

Han character

錦 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 金竹日月 (CHAB), four-corner 86127, composition ⿰釒帛)

References

  • KangXi: page 1311, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40569
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1812, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4222, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+9326

Chinese

trad.錦
simp.锦

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (金) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
淦*kɯːm, *kɯːms
顉*ŋɯːmʔ, *ŋ̊ʰrɯm, *ŋ̊ʰɯmʔ
金*krɯm
錦*krɯmʔ
欽*kʰrɯm
菳*kʰrɯm
嶔*kʰrɯm
撳*kʰrɯms
捦*ɡrɯm
鵭*ɡrɯm
唫*ɡrɯmʔ, *ŋɡrɯm
鈙*ɡrɯms
崟*ŋɡrɯm
趛*ŋɡrɯmʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *krɯmʔ) : phonetic 金 (OC *krɯm) + semantic 帛.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jǐn (jin3)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): gam2
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kím
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gim3
  • Min Dong (BUC): gīng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): kím / gím
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gim2
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
      • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
      • Wade–Giles: chin3
      • Yale: jǐn
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
      • Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: gam2
      • Yale: gám
      • Cantonese Pinyin: gam2
      • Guangdong Romanization: gem2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kɐm³⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kím
      • Hakka Romanization System: gim`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: gim3
      • Sinological IPA: /kim³¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: gim3
      • Sinological IPA: /cim³¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: gīng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kiŋ³³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kím
      • Tâi-lô: kím
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kiem
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kim⁴¹/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kim⁵⁵⁴/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kim⁵³/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gím
      • Tâi-lô: gím
      • Phofsit Daibuun: giem
      • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡim⁵³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡim⁴¹/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: gim2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kím
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kim⁵²/
  • Middle Chinese: /kˠiɪmX/
Rime
Character錦
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)見 (28)
Final (韻)侵 (140)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie居飲切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/kˠiɪmX/
Pan
Wuyun		/kᵚimX/
Shao
Rongfen		/kiemX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/kjimX/
Li
Rong		/kjəmX/
Wang
Li		/kĭĕmX/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ki̯əmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		jǐn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		gam2
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.k(r)[ə]mʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krɯmʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character錦
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		jǐn
Middle
Chinese		‹ kimX ›
Old
Chinese		/*Cə.k(r)[ə]mʔ/
Englishbrocade

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character錦
Reading #1/1
No.6680
Phonetic
component		金
Rime
group		侵
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		錦
Old
Chinese		/*krɯmʔ/

Definitions

錦

  1. brocade; tapestry
  2. embroidered
  3. bright and beautiful

Compounds

Derived terms from 錦

Japanese

Kanji

錦

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. brocade

Readings

  • Go-on: こん (kon)←こん (kon, historical)←こむ (komu, ancient)
  • Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)←きん (kin, historical)←きむ (kimu, ancient)
  • Kun: にしき (nishiki, 錦, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: あや (aya); かね (kane)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 錦(きん)繍(しゅう) (kinshū)
  • 錦(きん)嚢(のう) (kinnō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
錦
にしき
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Originally a compound of 丹 (ni, “red”) + 頻 (shiki, “repetition”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) に​しき [níꜜshìkì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
    • IPA(key): [ɲ̟iɕi̥kʲi]

Noun

錦(にしき) • (nishiki) 

  1. brocade (generic name for weaving fabrics with various colored threads)
  2. a word expressing beauty (for example, colors or patterns) (Can we verify(+) this sense?)

Derived terms

Derived terms
  • 高麗(こま)錦(にしき), 狛(こま)錦(にしき) (Koma nishiki)
  • 紅葉(もみじ)の錦(にしき) (momiji no nishiki, “brocade of autumn leaves”)
  • 大和(やまと)錦(にしき), 倭(やまと)錦(にしき) (Yamato nishiki)

Idioms

Idioms
  • 錦(にしき)を飾(かざ)る (nishiki o kazaru)
  • 錦(にしき)を着(き)て夜(よる)行(ゆ)くが如(ごと)し (nishiki o kite yoru yuku ga gotoshi)

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 錦 (MC kˠiɪmX). Recorded as Middle Korean 금〯 (kǔm) (Yale: kum) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource錦 (eumhun 비단 금 (bidan geum))

  1. Hanja form? of 금 (“brocade”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 금수 (錦繡, geumsu)
  • 금강 (錦江, Geumgang)
  • 지금 (地錦, jigeum)
  • 추금 (秋錦, chugeum)
  • 금상첨화 (錦上添花, geumsangcheomhwa)
  • 금의환향 (錦衣還鄕, geumuihwanhyang)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

錦: Hán Nôm readings: cẩm, gấm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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