錘

See also: 锤

錘	U+9318, 錘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9318

← 錗
[U+9317]

CJK Unified Ideographs

錙 →
[U+9319]

Translingual

Han character

錘 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 金竹十一 (CHJM), four-corner 8211₄, composition ⿰金垂)

References

KangXi: page 1310, character 11

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40547

Dae Jaweon: page 1812, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4220, character 7

Unihan data for U+9318

Chinese

trad.		錘
simp.		锤^*
alternative forms		鎚捶𨭇𨪼𨫻

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 錘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (垂) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
埵	*toːlʔ
綞	*toːlʔ
涶	tʰoːl, tʰoːls
唾	*tʰoːls
厜	*stol
腄	tol, dols, *ɢʷɯ
箠	tol, tjolʔ
娷	*tols
諈	*tols
錘	dol, dols, *du
甀	dol, dols
硾	*dols
捶	*tjolʔ
垂	*djol
陲	*djol
倕	*djol
菙	*djolʔ
睡	*djols

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *dol, *dols, *du) : semantic 金 + phonetic 垂 (OC *djol).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “What relation is there between 錘, 槌, 鎚, and 椎?”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): chuí (chui²)
(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄟˊ
(Chengdu, SP): cui²
Cantonese (Jyutping): ceoi⁴, ceoi^4-2, seoi⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhùi
(Meixian, Guangdong): cui²
Min Bei (KCR): tṳ̿
Min Dong (BUC): tùi
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): thûi / tûi
(Teochew, Peng'im): tui⁵ / dui⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chuí
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄟˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chuéi
  - Wade–Giles: chʻui²
  - Yale: chwéi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwei
  - Palladius: чуй (čuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰweɪ̯³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cui²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuei²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ceoi⁴, ceoi^4-2, seoi⁴
  - Yale: chèuih, chéui, sèuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey⁴, tsoey^4-2, soey⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêu⁴, cêu^4-2, sêu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃʰɵy̯²¹/, /t͡ʃʰɵy̯²¹⁻³⁵/, /sɵy̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhùi
  - Hakka Romanization System: cuiˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cui²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu̯i¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cui²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuɪ¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tṳ̿
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰy³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tùi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰui⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thûi
  - Tâi-lô: thuî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tuii
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /tʰui²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰui¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰui²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tûi
  - Tâi-lô: tuî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: duii
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tui²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tui¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tui⁵ / dui⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thûi / tûi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰui⁵⁵/, /tui⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ɖˠiuᴇ/, /ɖˠiuᴇ^H/

Rime
Character	錘	錘
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	支 (14)	支 (14)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	直垂切	馳僞切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiuᴇ/	/ɖˠiuᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖʷᵚiɛ/	/ɖʷᵚiɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiuɛ/	/ȡiuɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖjwiə̆/	/ɖjwiə̆^H/
Li Rong	/ȡjue/	/ȡjue^H/
Wang Li	/ȡǐwe/	/ȡǐwe^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱwie̯/	/ȡʱwie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chuí	zhuì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceoi⁴	zeoi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-t<r>oj/
(Zhengzhang): /*dol/, /*dols/, /*du/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	錘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chuí
Middle Chinese	‹ drjwe ›
Old Chinese	/*m-t<r>oj/
English	sledge-hammer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	錘	錘	錘
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	1668	1670	1681
Phonetic component	垂	垂	垂
Rime group	歌	歌	微
Rime subdivision	3	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	鬌	縋	鎚
Old Chinese	/*dol/	/*dols/	/*du/
Notes			又鎚字注亦從垂

Definitions

錘

hammer
mace (weapon)
(literally, figuratively) to hammer into shape; to forge
(Mainland China, neologism, slang) proof
(historical) an ancient unit of weight
a surname: Chui

Synonyms

(hammer):

Dialectal synonyms of 錘子 (“hammer”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		錘子
Mandarin	Beijing	錘子, 榔頭
	Taiwan	錘子
	Jinan	錘子
	Xi'an	釘錘兒
	Wuhan	釘錘, 錘子, 榔頭
	Chengdu	釘錘兒, 錘錘兒
	Yangzhou	榔頭
	Hefei	錘子, 釘錘
	Singapore	錘, 鐵錘
Cantonese	Guangzhou	錘
	Hong Kong	錘仔, 錘
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	手錘
	Macau	錘
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	錘
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	錘仔
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	錘仔
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	錘
	Foshan	錘
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	錘
	Foshan (Shunde)	錘
	Foshan (Sanshui)	錘
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	錘
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	錘
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	普頭
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	錘
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	錘
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	錘
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	錘
	Taishan	錘, 斧頭仔
	Kaiping (Chikan)	錘
	Enping (Niujiang)	錘
	Heshan (Yayao)	錘
	Dongguan	錘
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	鐵錘
	Yangjiang	錘仔
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	錘
Gan	Nanchang	釘錘子
Hakka	Meixian	錘仔, 鐵錘
Jin	Taiyuan	錘子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	鐵錘仔
Min Dong	Fuzhou	鐵錘囝, 鐵錘
Min Nan	Xiamen	鐵錘, 鐵釘仔錘, 錘仔, 錘
	Quanzhou	鐵錘, 錘仔, 錘
	Zhangzhou	錘仔, 錘
	Taipei	摃錘仔
	Singapore (Hokkien)	鐵錘, 錘
	Manila (Hokkien)	鐵錘, 釘錘
	Chaozhou	鐵錘
Wu	Shanghai	榔頭
	Suzhou	榔頭
	Wenzhou	鞋錘兒, 錘兒, 榔頭
Xiang	Changsha	錘子, 釘錘子, 釘錘
Xiang	Shuangfeng	錘子

(to hammer into shape): 鍛造／锻造 (duànzào)

Compounds

八大錘／八大锤
別具爐錘／别具炉锤
千錘百煉／千锤百炼 (qiānchuíbǎiliàn)
氣錘／气锤
水錘泵／水锤泵
秤錘／秤锤 (chèngchuí)

空氣錘／空气锤
紡錘／纺锤 (fǎngchuí)
紡錘蟲／纺锤虫
紡錘體／纺锤体 (fǎngchuítǐ)
釘錘／钉锤
鉛錘／铅锤 (qiānchuí)

錘子／锤子 (chuízi)
錘鍊／锤炼
錘骨／锤骨 (chuígǔ)
鐵錘／铁锤 (tiěchuí)
鼓錘／鼓锤

References

“錘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“Query for 錘”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan], Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

錘

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

weight, sinker
spindle

Readings

Go-on: ずい (zui)^{←づゐ (duwi, historical)}
Kan-on: つい (tsui)^{←つゐ (tuwi, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: すい (sui)^{←すゐ (suwi, historical)}
Kun: つむ (tsumu, 錘); おもり (omori, 錘)

Usage notes

Removed from the daily use Jōyō kanji by the Japanese government in 2010.[1]
As in historical on-readings ending in -ゐ, such as "ゆゐ" and "るゐ", most dictionaries do not have "すゐ", "つゐ", and "づゐ" as historical readings for 錘. According to historical data, the on-readings of 錘 are the modern "すい" and "つい", as well as "づい". However, the Dai Kanwa Jiten, has the -ゐ historical on-readings.

Noun

錘(おもり) • (omori)

Alternative form of 重り (omori, “weight; sinker”)

References

The Japan Times (October 21, 2009), “Get set for next year's overhaul of joyo kanji”, in www.kanjiclinic.com‎, retrieved February 23, 2010

Korean

Hanja

錘 • (chu) (hangeul 추)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

錘: Hán Nôm readings: chuy, chùy/chuỳ, dùi, thùy/thuỳ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] The Japan Times (October 21, 2009), “Get set for next year's overhaul of joyo kanji”, in www.kanjiclinic.com‎, retrieved February 23, 2010