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单词 鈍
释义

鈍

See also: 钝
鈍 U+920D, 鈍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-920D
← 鈌
[U+920C]		CJK Unified Ideographs鈎 →
[U+920E]

Translingual

Han character

鈍 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 金心山 (CPU), four-corner 85117, composition ⿰金屯)

References

  • KangXi: page 1298, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40219
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1801, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4175, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+920D

Chinese

trad.鈍
simp.钝

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鈍
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *duːns) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-t(u/i)l (“dull; blunt”). Compare Tibetan རྟུལ (rtul, “dull; blunt”).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): dùn (dun4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄣˋ
    (Chengdu, SP): den4
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): deon6
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thun
  • Min Nan (POJ): tūn / tǔn / tun / tùn
  • Wu (Wiktionary): den (T3)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: dùn
      • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: dùn
      • Wade–Giles: tun4
      • Yale: dwùn
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duenn
      • Palladius: дунь (dunʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /twən⁵¹/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: den4
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: den
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tən²¹³/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: deon6
      • Yale: deuhn
      • Cantonese Pinyin: doen6
      • Guangdong Romanization: dên6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tɵn²²/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thun
      • Hakka Romanization System: tun
      • Hagfa Pinyim: tun4
      • Sinological IPA: /tʰun⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tūn
      • Tâi-lô: tūn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: dun
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /tun⁴¹/
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tun³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tun²²/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǔn
      • Tâi-lô: tǔn
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /tun²²/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tun
      • Tâi-lô: tun
      • Phofsit Daibuun: dwn
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tun⁴⁴/
    • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tùn
      • Tâi-lô: tùn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: duxn
      • IPA (Taipei): /tun¹¹/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tun²¹/
Note:
  • Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
    • tun/tūn - “not sharp”;
    • tūn - “stupid”.
  • Quanzhou:
    • tūn - literary;
    • tǔn - vernacular.
  • Taiwan:
    • tun/tūn - “not sharp”;
    • tùn/tūn - “stupid”.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: den (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /d̥əɲ²³/
  • Middle Chinese: /duənH/
Rime
Character鈍
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)定 (7)
Final (韻)魂 (55)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division (等)I
Fanqie徒困切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/duənH/
Pan
Wuyun		/duonH/
Shao
Rongfen		/duənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/dwənH/
Li
Rong		/duənH/
Wang
Li		/duənH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/dʱuənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		dùn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		deon6
  • Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*duːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character鈍
Reading #1/1
Phonetic
component		屯
Rime
group		文
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		鈍
Old
Chinese		/*duːns/

Definitions

鈍

  1. dull; blunt; not sharp
  2. dull-witted; dim-witted; slow-witted; stupid
  3. a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 鈍

Japanese

Kanji

鈍

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. (of edge) dull, blunt
  2. (of senses) dull, stupid, slow, slow-witted

Readings

  • Go-on: どん (don, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: とん (ton)
  • Kun: にぶい (nibui, 鈍い, Jōyō); にぶる (niburu, 鈍る, Jōyō); のろい (noroi, 鈍い); なまる (namaru, 鈍る); なまくら (namakura, 鈍)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 鈍角
  • 鈍感
  • 鈍麻
  • 鈍磨
  • 愚鈍
  • 遅鈍

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鈍
にび
Grade: S
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 鈍ぶ (nibu, “to become dark gray”).[1] In modern Japanese, reanalyzed as a shortening of compound term 鈍色 (nibiiro, “dark gray”).[1][2]

First cited to the late 900s.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) にび​ [nìbíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ɲ̟ibʲi]

Noun

鈍(にび) • (nibi) 

  1. short for 鈍色 (nibiiro): dark gray

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鈍
なまくら
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
鈍ら

The first portion nama is from 生 (nama). This usually has a sense of raw but also has overtones of unprocessed, unready and thus some semantic overlap with, and is cognate with, 鈍る (namaru, “to become dull, especially due to lack of proper tempering”).

The second portion kura is of uncertain derivation.

The term is first cited to 1711.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) なまくら [nàmákúrá] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [na̠ma̠kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]

Adjective

鈍(なまくら) • (namakura) -na (adnominal 鈍(なまくら)な (namakura na), adverbial 鈍(なまくら)に (namakura ni))

  1. (uncommon) dull of edge, unable to cut well
  2. (uncommon) dull of mind, lazy, insipid

Noun

鈍(なまくら) • (namakura) 

  1. a blunt blade
  2. a lazy person, a dullard
    Synonym: 怠け者 (namakemono)
Derived terms
  • 鈍(なまくら)刀(がたな) (namakura-gatana, “a dull sword”)
  • 鈍(なまくら)武(ぶ)士(し) (namakura bushi, “a warrior with a dull sword; a warrior with no ambition”)
  • 鈍(なまくら)物(もの) (namakuramono, “a dull blade”)
  • 鈍(なまくら)者(もの) (namakuramono, “a lazy person”)

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

鈍 (eumhun 무딜 둔 (mudil dun))

  1. Hanja form? of 둔 (“blunt, obtuse”).
  2. Hanja form? of 둔 (“dull”).
  3. Hanja form? of 둔 (“flat”).
  4. Hanja form? of 둔 (“dull-witted”).

Vietnamese

Han character

鈍: Hán Nôm readings: độn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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