野
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
野 (Kangxi radical 166, 里+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田土弓戈弓 (WGNIN), four-corner 67122, composition ⿰里予)
Derived characters
- 嘢, 墅
References
- KangXi: page 1291, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40133
- Dae Jaweon: page 1793, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3683, character 1
- Unihan data for U+91CE
Chinese
simp. and trad. | 野 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 㙒 墅 埜 𡐨 壄 㙒 墅 埜 𡐨 壄 𡑀 |
Glyph origin
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
野 | *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ |
壄 | *laːʔ |
序 | *ljaʔ |
抒 | *ljaʔ, *hlja, *ɦljaʔ |
芧 | *l'aʔ |
杼 | *l'aʔ, *ɦljaʔ |
墅 | *ɦljaːʔ |
舒 | *hlja |
紓 | *hlja, *ɦljaʔ |
妤 | *la |
伃 | *la |
予 | *la, *laʔ |
預 | *las |
忬 | *las |
豫 | *las |
蕷 | *las |
澦 | *las |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ) : semantic 田 (“field”) + semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ).
Etymology 1
Various etymologies have been proposed:
- From a hypothetical common Sino-Tibetan *la (“area far from settlements; wilderness”): compare Tibetan ལ (la, “mountain pass; hillside; mountainslope”) (Schuessler, 2007);
- Related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *laʔ (“to spread, extend”): compare Khmer លា (liə, “to unfold, spread, open out”) (Schuessler, 2007);
- From a Sino-Tibetan root meaning “hut; pantry”: compare Tibetan ལྷས (lhas, “pen; fold; cattle enclosure”) (Starostin).
Pronunciation
Definitions
野
- countryside; field; outskirts; wilderness
- plain; open country; open space
- area; region; boundary
- (among) the people; not in power; out of office
- unadorned; unaffected; simple; plain
- wild; not domesticated; stray
- feral; untamed; unrestrained
- rough; coarse; violent; boorish; rude
- unofficial; informal; illegal
- (literary or Min Dong, Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien, Wu) very; quite
- a surname
Synonyms
Variety | Location | Words edit |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 甚, 孔 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 很, 非常, 十分 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪 |
Taiwan | 很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級 | |
Tianjin | 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒 | |
Jinan | 挺, 楞 | |
Xi'an | 很 | |
Wuhan | 蠻, 很 | |
Chengdu | 很, 好 | |
Chongqing | 很 | |
Yangzhou | 蠻, 稀, 很 | |
Hefei | 很 | |
Malaysia | 很 | |
Singapore | 很, 蠻, 非常 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 好, 非常之 |
Hong Kong | 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之 | |
Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 好 | |
Taishan | 好, 十分之 | |
Yangjiang | 好 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 好 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 好, 非常之, 非常 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 蠻 |
Hakka | Meixian | 好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation |
Huidong (Daling) | 好 | |
Wuhua (Meilin) | 好 | |
Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 頂 | |
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 好 | |
Changting | 野 | |
Wuping (Pingyu) | 已, 刮 | |
Liancheng | 樣 | |
Ninghua | 好 | |
Ruijin | 蠻 | |
Shicheng | 蠻 | |
Shangyou (Shexi) | 蠻 | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 當, 已, 還 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蓋, 盡, 還 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 當, 盡, 已, 還 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 當, 已, 還 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 當, 已, 還 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 足, 真, 實在 | |
Hong Kong | 好 | |
Sabah (Bao'an) | 好 | |
Kuching (Hepo) | 很 | |
Singapore (Dabu) | 好 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 很, 挺 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 盡 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 野, 真 |
Singapore (Fuqing) | 真 | |
Manjung (Gutian) | 真 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正 |
Xiamen (Tong'an) | 真 | |
Quanzhou | 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人 | |
Jinjiang | 野 | |
Zhangzhou | 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人 | |
Zhao'an | 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常 | |
Dongshan | 真, 非常 | |
Taipei | 真, 誠 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 真, 誠 | |
Kaohsiung | 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋 | |
Yilan | 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 真, 誠 | |
Taichung | 誠, 蓋, 足 | |
Tainan | 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋 | |
Hsinchu | 真, 誠 | |
Kinmen | 足, 誠 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 真, 誠 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 真, 誠, 真正 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 野, 真, 萬代, 真正 | |
Chaozhou | 過, 好, 非常, 死爸 | |
Shantou | 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕 | |
Shantou (Chenghai) | 好, 死絕 | |
Shantou (Chaoyang) | 好, 非常 | |
Jieyang | 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕 | |
Bangkok (Teochew) | 好 | |
Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 好 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 真, 死爸, 非常 | |
Wenchang | 極, 但顧, 真 | |
Haikou | 但顧 | |
Qionghai | 但顧, 真 | |
Singapore (Hainanese) | 但顧, 真 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated |
Suzhou | 蠻 | |
Ningbo | 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𠊉好, 𠊉派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare | |
Zhoushan | 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare | |
Wenzhou | 蠻, 蒙, 顯 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 很, 蠻 |
Shuangfeng | 蠻 |
Compounds
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Pronunciation
Definitions
野
- † Original form of 墅 (shù, “field; field hut; detached residence”).
Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 野 – see 嘢 (“thing; matter; stuff; etc.”). (This character, 野, is a variant form of 嘢.) |
References
- “野”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04258
Japanese
Kanji
(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)
Readings
- Go-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
- Kun: の (no, 野, Jōyō); いなかや (inakaya, 野); いやしい (iyashī, 野しい)
- Nanori: とお (tō)←とほ (tofo, historical); なお (nao)←なほ (nafo, historical); ひろ (hiro)
As the original form of 墅:
- Go-on: じょ (jo)←じよ (zyo, historical)
- Kan-on: しょ (sho)←しよ (syo, historical)
Compounds
- 野老 (tokoro)
- 野木瓜 (mube)
- 野羊 (yagi)
- 上野 (Kōzuke)
- 下野 (Shimotsuke)
Alternative forms
Kanji in this term |
---|
野 |
の Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
- (old or jinmeiyō form) 埜
Etymology 1
⟨no1⟩ → /nʷo/ → /no/
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) の [nóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [no̞]
Noun
野 • (no)
- an area, field
- Synonyms: 野原 (nohara), 野っ原 (noppara), 野良 (nora)
- the hidden part of a structure
- Antonym: 化粧 (keshō)
Derived terms
- 野宿 (nojuku)
- 野点 (nodate)
- 野守 (nomori)
- 野良 (nora)
- 上野 (Ueno)
- 小野 (Ono)
Prefix
野 • (no-)
- wild
- 野兎 ― nousagi ― wild rabbit
- rustic, unsophisticated
Derived terms
- 野苺 (noichigo)
- 野兎 (nousagi)
- 野鼠 (nonezumi)
- 野薔薇 (nobara)
Idioms
- 野に置く (no ni oku)
Proverbs
- 野暮れ山暮れ (no kure yama kure)
- 野に伏し山に伏す (no ni fushi yama ni fusu)
- 後は野となれ山となれ (ato wa no to nare yama to nare)
Proper noun
野 • (No)
- a surname
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
野 |
や Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 野 (MC jiaX).
Affix
野 • (ya)
- field, plain
- natural, pristine
- rough
- bare, open
- extant, scope, sphere
- civil, non-governmental
- (baseball) ground
- Short for 下野国 (Shimotsuke no kuni): Shimotsuke Province
Derived terms
- 野外 (yagai)
- 野狐 (yako)
- 野蛮 (yaban)
- 野党 (yatō)
- 原野 (gen'ya)
- 平野 (heiya)
Noun
野 • (ya)
- an area, field
- Synonyms: 野原 (nohara), 野っ原 (noppara), 野良 (nora)
- a private or civil matter
- Synonym: 民間 (minkan)
Idioms
- 野に遺賢無し (ya ni iken nashi)
- 野に下る (ya ni kudaru)
Adjective
野 • (ya) †-nari
- (archaic) rustic, unsophisticated
Inflection
Stem forms | ||||
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Irrealis (未然形) | 野なら | やなら | yanara | |
Continuative (連用形) | 野に[1] 野なり[2] | やに やなり | yani yanari | |
Terminal (終止形) | 野なり | やなり | yanari | |
Attributive (連体形) | 野なる | やなる | yanaru | |
Realis (已然形) | 野なれ | やなれ | yanare | |
Imperative (命令形) | 野なれ | やなれ | yanare | |
Key constructions | ||||
Negative | 野ならず | やならず | yanarazu | |
Contrasting conjunction | 野なれど | やなれど | yanaredo | |
Causal conjunction | 野なれば | やなれば | yanareba | |
Conditional conjunction | 野ならば | やならば | yanaraba | |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 野なりき | やなりき | yanariki | |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 野なりけり | やなりけり | yanarikeri | |
Adverbial | 野に | やに | yani | |
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. |
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Alternative forms
- 埜 (埜)
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 野 (MC jiaX).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 양〯 (Yale: yǎ) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄆᆡ〮 (Yale: móy) | 야〯 (Yale: yǎ) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ja̠(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [야(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Wikisource野 (eumhun 들 야 (deul ya))
- Hanja form? of 야 (“field; area”).
- Hanja form? of 야 (“wild; savage; untamed”).
Compounds
- 재야 (在野, jaeya)
- 야채 (野菜, yachae)
- 야구 (野球, yagu)
- 야인 (野人, yain)
- 야만 (野蠻, yaman)
- 야성 (野性, yaseong)
- 분야 (分野, bunya)
- 야당 (野黨, yadang)
- 시야 (視野, siya)
- 야망 (野望, yamang)
- 야외 (野外, yaoe)
- 야심 (野心, yasim)
- 광야 (曠野/廣野, gwang'ya)
- 임야 (林野, imya)
- 야박 (野薄, yabak)
- 야욕 (野慾, yayok)
- 야영 (野營, yayeong)
- 야비 (野卑/野鄙, yabi)
Noun
Hanja in this term |
---|
野 |
野 • (ya) (hangeul 야)
- (in news headlines) Short for 野黨 (yadang, “(politics) the opposition party”).
- Antonym: 與 (yeo, “(politics) the ruling party”)
Usage notes
A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.
Derived terms
- 與野 (yeoya, “(politics) the opposing parties”)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Old Japanese
Etymology 1
From Proto-Japonic *no.
Pronunciation appears to be distinct from の (no2, possessive and case-marker particle).
Noun
野 (no1) (kana の)
- an area, field
Derived terms
- 野つ鳥 (no1 tu to2ri, pillow word)
- 野守 (no1mori)
- 毛野 (Ke1no1)
- 小野 (wono1)
Descendants
- Japanese: 野 (no)
Etymology 2
The second sense is based on 国学 (kokugaku) scholars' reading of man'yōgana 努, 怒, 弩, etc. as ⟨nu⟩ instead of ⟨no1⟩ before regional differences in Old Japanese terms of were discovered.
Noun
野 (nu) (kana ぬ)
- (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) an area, field
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4387), text here
- 知波乃奴乃古乃弖加之波能保保麻例等阿夜爾加奈之美於枳弖他加枳奴
- Tiba-no2-nu no2 ko1no2te-gasipa no2 popomaredo2 aya ni kanasimi1 oki1te ta ga ki1nu
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4387), text here
- Misspelling of 野 (no1), from the view of an Edo-period scholar of the Man'yōshū and other Old Japanese literature
Derived terms
- 毛野 (Ke1nu)
Vietnamese
Han character
野: Hán Việt readings: dã (
野: Nôm readings: dã[2][4][6], nhả[1][2], rã[1]
- chữ Hán form of dã (“wild; savage”).
Compounds
- 野球 (dã cầu)
- 野蠻 (dã man)
- 野人 (dã nhân/dã nhơn)
References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
- Bonet (1899).
- Génibrel (1898).
- Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).