鄉愿
Chinese
country; village | sincere; willing | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (鄉愿) | 鄉 | 愿 | |
simp. (乡愿) | 乡 | 愿 | |
variant forms | 鄉原/乡原 |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Pinyin): xiāngyuàn
- (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤ ㄩㄢˋ
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin: xiāngyuàn
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤ ㄩㄢˋ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiangyuann
- Tongyong Pinyin: siangyuàn
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕjɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: /hɨɐŋ ŋʉɐnH/▼
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 鄉 | 愿 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 疑 (31) |
Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 元 (66) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
Division (等) | III | III |
Fanqie | 許良切 | 魚怨切 |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨɐŋ/ | /ŋʉɐnH/ |
Pan Wuyun | /hiɐŋ/ | /ŋʷiɐnH/ |
Shao Rongfen | /xiɑŋ/ | /ŋiuɐnH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɨaŋ/ | /ŋuanH/ |
Li Rong | /xiaŋ/ | /ŋiuɐnH/ |
Wang Li | /xĭaŋ/ | /ŋĭwɐnH/ |
Bernard Karlgren | /xi̯aŋ/ | /ŋi̯wɐnH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiāng | yuàn |
- Old Chinese▼
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaŋ ŋʷans/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 鄉 |
Reading # | 1/3 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiāng |
Middle Chinese | ‹ xjang › |
Old Chinese | /*qʰaŋ/ |
English | village; district |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 鄉 | 愿 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
No. | 13596 | 16198 |
Phonetic component | 鄉 | 原 |
Rime group | 陽 | 元 |
Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
Corresponding MC rime | 香 | 願 |
Old Chinese | /*qʰaŋ/ | /*ŋʷans/ |
Notes | 甲金文象兩人對食, 爲饗初文 |
Noun
鄉愿
- (literary) hypocrite