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单词 過去
释义

過去

See also: 过去

Chinese

 
to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker)
to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker); to pass; to celebrate; to live; to get along; excessively; too-
to go; to leave; to remove
trad. (過去)
simp. (过去)

Etymology

"the past"
Originally a Buddhist calque of Sanskrit अतीत (atīta, [what has] gone by; bygone; the past, past participle), from अति (ati, over; beyond) + verb root (i, to go).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): guòqù
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄩˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуәчи (guəči, III-I)
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): gwo3 heoi3
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ko-hi
  • Min Dong (BUC): guó-kó̤
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): kè-khì / kèr-khìr / kòe-khì / kè-khù
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kuê3 ke3
  • Wu (Wiktionary): ku qi (T2); ku qy (T2)

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: guòqù
      • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄩˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: guòcyù
      • Wade–Giles: kuo4-chʻü4
      • Yale: gwò-chyù
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guohchiuh
      • Palladius: гоцюй (gocjuj)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kwɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуәчи (guəči, III-I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kuə⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: gwo3 heoi3
      • Yale: gwo heui
      • Cantonese Pinyin: gwo3 hoey3
      • Guangdong Romanization: guo3 hêu3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɔː³³ hɵy̯³³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ko-hi
      • Hakka Romanization System: go hi
      • Hagfa Pinyim: go4 hi4
      • Sinological IPA: /ko⁵⁵ hi⁵⁵/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: guó-kó̤
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kuo²¹³⁻⁵³ (kʰ-)ɔ²¹³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Hsinchu)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè-khì
      • Tâi-lô: kè-khì
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kea'qix
      • IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰi¹¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen): /ke²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèr-khìr
      • Tâi-lô: kèr-khìr
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɯ⁴¹/
      • IPA (Lukang): /kə³¹⁻⁵³ kʰɨ³¹/
      • IPA (Kinmen): /kə¹²⁻⁵³ kʰɯ¹²/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòe-khì
      • Tâi-lô: kuè-khì
      • Phofsit Daibuun: koea'qix
      • IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan, Yilan): /kue²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kue²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰi²¹/
    • (Hokkien: Taipei, Magong)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè-khù
      • Tâi-lô: kè-khù
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kea'qux
      • IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰu¹¹/
Note: is toneless for verb sense.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: kuê3 ke3
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khuè khṳ̀
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kʰue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰɯ²¹³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: ku qi (T2); ku qy (T2)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kv̩ʷ³³ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/, /kv̩ʷ³³ t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/

  • Middle Chinese: /kuɑH  kʰɨʌH/
Rime
Character
Reading #2/22/2
Initial () (28) (29)
Final () (95) (22)
Tone (調)Departing (H)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)ClosedOpen
Division ()IIII
Fanqie古卧切丘倨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kuɑH//kʰɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kuɑH//kʰiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kuɑH//kʰiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kwaH//kʰɨə̆H/
Li
Rong
/kuɑH//kʰiɔH/
Wang
Li
/kuɑH//kʰĭoH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kuɑH//kʰi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
guò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gwo3heoi3

Noun

過去

  1. the past
    回顧過去回顾过去   huígù guòqù   to look back (into the past)
    董事局在過去幾年出現多次的人事變動。 [MSC, trad.]
    董事局在过去几年出现多次的人事变动。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dǒngshìjú zài guòqù jǐnián chūxiàn duōcì de rénshì biàndòng. [Pinyin]
    The board of directors has undergone several personnel changes in the past few years.

Synonyms

edit

Verb

過去

  1. to go over; to pass by
  2. to have already happened; to be in the past
    忍忍就過去了。忍忍就过去了。   Rěn rěn jiù guòqù le.   Endure it for a bit and then it'll be gone.
  3. (euphemistic) to die; to pass away

Usage notes

In the euphemistic sense to die, must be followed by (le).

Synonyms

  • (to die):
edit

Derived terms

  • 說不過去说不过去 (shuōbuguòqù)
  • 說得過去说得过去 (shuōdeguòqù)
  • 過去分詞过去分词 (guòqù fēncí)

Japanese

Kanji in this term

Grade: 5

Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi: Goon
    • (Tokyo) [káꜜkò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2][3]
    • IPA(key): [ka̠ko̞]

Noun

()() (kako) くわこ (kwako)?

  1. the past (period of time that has already happened)
    • 2003 September 22, Uraku, Akinobu, “(だい)61() (いと)しきものの(ため) [Chapter 61: All for Our Loved Ones]”, in (とう)(きょう)アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, →ISBN, pages 48–49:
      ()()()()(ちから) ()せてもらいたいものね
      Kako o tachikiru chikara misete moraitai mono ne
      Your willingness to cut ties with the past. Show me.
    • 2007 July 21, “(ろく)()(しゅう)()(じゅう) [Chamberlain of the Six Samurai]”, in GLADIATOR'S ASSAULT(グラディエイターズ・アサルト), Konami:
      (ろく)()(しゅう)(かげ)(ささ)える(なぞ)(おお)(じん)(ぶつ)(いま)はもう(たたか)(こと)はないが、(からだ)(きざ)まれた()(すう)(きず)(あと)(なに)かを(かた)る。その()()()(もの)はいない。
      Rokubushū o kage de sasaeru nazoōki jinbutsu. Ima wa mō tatakau koto wa nai ga, karada ni kizamareta musū no kizuato ga nanika o kataru. Sono kako o shiru mono wa inai.
      An enigmatic character who supports the Six Samurai from the shadows. He no longer engages in battles, but countless scars on his body definitely tell something. No one really knows about that past of his, though.

See also

  • (げん)(ざい) (genzai, present)
  • ()(らい) (mirai, future)

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term

Noun

過去 (gwageo) (hangeul 과거)

  1. Hanja form? of 과거 (the past).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term

Noun

過去

  1. chữ Hán form of quá khứ (the past).
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