過

See also: 过

過	U+904E, 過 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-904E

← 遍
[U+904D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

遏 →
[U+904F]

Translingual

Stroke order

Japanese	過
Simplified	过
Traditional	過

Alternative forms

Note that the box in the upper part of 咼 differs in simplified Chinese – in simplified Chinese fonts it is on the left, while in Japanese and traditional Chinese it is on the right (as seen in the Kangxi dictionary).

Han character

過 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+8 in Chinese, 辵+9 in Japanese, 11 strokes in Chinese, 12 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 卜月月口 (YBBR), four-corner 3730₂, composition ⿺辶咼)

References

KangXi: page 1261, character 22

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39002

Dae Jaweon: page 1753, character 6

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3849, character 8

Unihan data for U+904E

Chinese

trad.		過
simp.		过
alternative forms		𬨨

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 過
Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (冎) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
碢	*l'oːl
腡	ɡ·roːl, kʷroːl
過	kloːl, kloːls
渦	kloːl, qloːl
鍋	*kloːl
楇	kloːl, ɡloːls
瘑	*kloːl
緺	koːl, kroːl, *kʷroːl
堝	*kloːl
濄	kloːl, qloːl
鐹	kloːlʔ, kloːls
薖	*kʰloːl
簻	kʰloːl, kr'oːl
禍	*ɡloːlʔ
窩	*qloːl
萵	*qloːl
檛	*kr'oːl
膼	*kr'oːl
蝸	kroːl, kʷroːl
媧	kroːl, kʷroːl
騧	kroːl, kʷroːl
冎	*kroːlʔ
剮	*kroːlʔ
諣	qʰroːls, qʰʷroːls
歄	*kʷroːl
咼	*kʰʷroːl
喎	*kʰʷroːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kloːl, *kloːls) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-ka-j (“to go, to stride”) (STEDT). Related to 跨 (OC *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs, “to pass over”) and 騎 (OC *ɡral, *ɡrals, “to ride”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): guò, guō, gè (guo⁴, guo¹, ge⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˋ, ㄍㄨㄛ, ㄍㄜˋ
(Chengdu, SP): go⁴
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуә (guə, III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwo³, gwo¹
Gan (Wiktionary): guo⁴ / guo¹ / guo
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ko
(Meixian, Guangdong): guo⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): gue³
Min Bei (KCR): gua̿
Min Dong (BUC): guó
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kè / kèr / kòe / kòa / kò / kò͘ / ko͘ / ko / koa
(Teochew, Peng'im): guê³
Wu (Wiktionary): ku (T2)
Xiang (Wiktionary): go⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guò → guo (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˋ → ˙ㄍㄨㄛ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guo̊
  - Wade–Giles: kuo⁵
  - Yale: gwo
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .guoh
  - Palladius: го (go)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwɔ⁵¹/ → /g̊wɔ/
- (Beijing dialect)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guō
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guo
  - Wade–Giles: kuo¹
  - Yale: gwō
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guo
  - Palladius: го (go)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwɔ⁵⁵/
- (Beijing dialect)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gè
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gè
  - Wade–Giles: ko⁴
  - Yale: gè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geh
  - Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤ⁵¹/

Note:

guo - verbal or adjectival complement indicating occurrence or completion;
guō - used in certain colloquial words;
gè - colloquial (“fault”).

- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: go⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: go
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуә (guə, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuə⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwo³, gwo¹
  - Yale: gwo, gwō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwo³, gwo¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: guo³, guo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɔː³³/, /kʷɔː⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: guo⁴ / guo¹ / guo
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuo³⁵/, /kuo⁴²/, /kuo/

Note:

guo1 - limited;
guo - verbal or adjectival complement indicating occurrence or completion.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ko
  - Hakka Romanization System: go
  - Hagfa Pinyim: go⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ko⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: guo⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kuo⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: gue³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuɤ⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gua̿
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kua³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: guó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuɔ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè
  - Tâi-lô: kè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kex
  - IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ke²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèr
  - Tâi-lô: kèr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kə⁴¹/
  - IPA (Lukang): /kə³¹/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /kə¹²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòe
  - Tâi-lô: kuè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koex
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /kue²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòa
  - Tâi-lô: kuà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koax
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kua⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kua²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kua¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò
  - Tâi-lô: kò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ko²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ko¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘
  - Tâi-lô: kòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kox
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘
  - Tâi-lô: koo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kof
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko
  - Tâi-lô: ko
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koy
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ko⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koa
  - Tâi-lô: kua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koaf
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kua⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kua³³/

Note:

kè/kèr/kòe - vernacular;
kòa - vernacular (limited, e.g. 罪過);
kò/kò͘ - literary;
ko͘/ko - literary;
koa - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: guê³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kue²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ku (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kv̩ʷ³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: go⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kuɑ/, /kuɑ^H/

Rime
Character	過	過
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古禾切	古卧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑ/	/kuɑ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kuɑ/	/kuɑ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑ/	/kuɑ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwa/	/kwa^H/
Li Rong	/kuɑ/	/kuɑ^H/
Wang Li	/kuɑ/	/kuɑ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑ/	/kuɑ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guō	guò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwo¹	gwo³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.kʷˤaj/, /*kʷˤaj/, /*kʷˤaj-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*kloːl/, /*kloːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	過	過	過
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guō	guō	guò
Middle Chinese	‹ kwa ›	‹ kwa ›	‹ kwa^H ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.kʷˁaj/	/*kʷˁaj/	/*kʷˁaj-s/
English	tough, fibrous (vegetables)	to pass	to pass; transgress
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	過	過
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	4362	4371
Phonetic component	冎	冎
Rime group	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	戈
Old Chinese	/*kloːl/	/*kloːls/

Definitions

過

to cross; to pass; to go across; to pass through
坐這艘船過河很安全。 [MSC, trad.]
坐这艘船过河很安全。 [MSC, simp.]
Zuò zhè sōu chuán guò hé hěn ānquán. [Pinyin]
It is safe to cross the river in this boat.
請您趕快過安檢，現在已經登機了。 [MSC, trad.]
请您赶快过安检，现在已经登机了。 [MSC, simp.]
Qǐng nín gǎnkuài guò ānjiǎn, xiànzài yǐjīng dēngjī le. [Pinyin]
Please hurry up to pass the security check, it's already boarding time.
過了百貨公司便向右拐。 [MSC, trad.]
过了百货公司便向右拐。 [MSC, simp.]
Guò le bǎihuò gōngsī biàn xiàng yòu guǎi. [Pinyin]
Turn to the right after passing the department store.
(of time) to pass by; to pass
時間過得很快。／时间过得很快。 ― Shíjiān guò de hěn kuài. ― Time flies quickly.
過了許多年我們才偶然相逢。 [MSC, trad.]
过了许多年我们才偶然相逢。 [MSC, simp.]
Guò le xǔduō nián wǒmen cái ǒurán xiāngféng. [Pinyin]
Many years were to pass before we crossed our paths again.
to spend time; to live
過著艱苦的生活／过著艰苦的生活 ― guò zhù jiānkǔ de shēnghuó ― to live a hard life.
to go over; to look at carefully; to go through
我們把這篇稿子再過一遍。 [MSC, trad.]
我们把这篇稿子再过一遍。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒmen bǎ zhè piān gǎozi zài guò yībiàn. [Pinyin]
Let's go over the draft once again.
to exceed; to surpass; to be over
to pass an exam
verbal complement
1. indicating passing by; over; by
  我成日都會行過呢間士多。 [Cantonese, trad.]
  我成日都会行过呢间士多。 [Cantonese, simp.]
  ngo⁵ seng⁴ jat⁶ dou¹ wui⁵ haang⁴ gwo³ ni¹ gaan¹ si⁶ do¹. [Jyutping]
  I always walk by this corner store.
2. indicating a change in direction; over; away
3. indicating an excess in degree or amount; past; through; by
4. indicating superiority; better than
5. (Cantonese) indicating that an event is worthwhile
  呢間茶樓啲點心又貴又唔係特別好食，真係食唔過。 [Cantonese, trad.]
  呢间茶楼啲点心又贵又唔系特别好食，真系食唔过。 [Cantonese, simp.]
  ni¹ gaan¹ caa⁴ lau⁴ di¹ dim² sam¹ jau⁶ gwai³ jau⁶ m⁴ hai⁶ dak⁶ bit⁶ hou² sik⁶, zan¹ hai⁶ sik⁶ m⁴ gwo³. [Jyutping]
  The dim sum at this restaurant is quite expensive and not particularly tasty, so it's not worth eating.
adjectival complement
1. (chiefly literary or Cantonese) indicating an excess in degree or amount; more ... than
  佢高過我。／佢高过我。 [Guangzhou Cantonese] ― keoi⁵ gou¹ gwo³ ngo⁵. [Jyutping] ― He/she is taller than me.
  佢梗係叻過我啦。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
  佢梗系叻过我啦。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]
  keoi⁵ gang² hai⁶ lek¹ gwo³ ngo⁵ laa¹. [Jyutping]
  He/she is definitely smarter than me.
  - 子曰：「由也好勇過我，無所取材。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    子曰：“由也好勇过我，无所取材。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Zǐyuē: “Yóu yě hào yǒng guò wǒ, wú suǒ qǔ cái.” [Pinyin]
    Upon which the Master said, "Zhong You is fonder of daring than I am. He does not exercise his judgment upon matters."
particle indicating that an event or state has occurred already; ever; already
你去過中國嗎？／你去过中国吗？ ― Nǐ qù guo Zhōngguó ma? ― Have you (ever) been to China?
你有冇去過香港啊？ [Cantonese, trad.]
你有冇去过香港啊？ [Cantonese, simp.]
nei⁵ jau⁵ mou⁵ heoi³ gwo³ hoeng¹ gong² aa³? [Jyutping]
Have you ever been to Hong Kong?
你見過我個女朋友未呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
你见过我个女朋友未呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]
nei⁵ gin³ gwo³ ngo⁵ go³ neoi⁵ pang⁴ jau⁵ mei⁶ aa³? [Jyutping]
Have you seen my girlfriend yet?
(Cantonese) particle indicating repetition of an event; again
我作文揀錯咗題目，要從頭寫過。 [Cantonese, trad.]
我作文拣错咗题目，要从头写过。 [Cantonese, simp.]
ngo⁵ zok³ man^4-2 gaan² co³ zo² tai⁴ muk⁶, jiu³ cung⁴ tau⁴ se² gwo³. [Jyutping]
I picked the wrong topic for the essay, so I have to write it all over again.
too; excessively
他們抱怨工資過低。 [MSC, trad.]
他们抱怨工资过低。 [MSC, simp.]
Tāmen bàoyuàn gōngzī guò dī. [Pinyin]
They complained that the wages were too low.
fault; blemish; mistake
吾過矣！／吾过矣！ [Classical Chinese] ― Wú guò yǐ! [Pinyin] ― I am/was wrong! / I have erred!
to pay a visit; to visit; to call on
(Cantonese, dated) used to indicates the target or recipient of an action: to
畀件衫過我。／畀件衫过我。 [Cantonese] ― bei² gin⁶ saam¹ gwo³ ngo⁵. [Jyutping] ― Give me the shirt.
佢有幾靚仔啊？睇過！？ [Cantonese, trad.]
佢有几靓仔啊？睇过！？ [Cantonese, simp.]
keoi⁵ jau⁵ gei² leng³ zai² aa¹? tai² gwo³!? [Jyutping]
How handsome can he be? Let me have a look!?
- 天使講完、個啲女人、心好歡喜、卽時走去話過門徒知。 [Cantonese, trad.]
  天使讲完、个啲女人、心好欢喜、即时走去话过门徒知。 [Cantonese, simp.]
  From: 1894, J. Dyer Ball, Readings in Cantonese Colloquial, page 18
  tin¹ si³ gong² jyun⁴, go³ di¹ neoi⁵ jan^4-2, sam¹ hou² fun¹ hei², zik¹ si⁴ zau² heoi³ waa⁶ gwo³ mun⁴ tou⁴ zi¹. [Jyutping]
  [After the angels said this, t]he women were very glad indeed they ran as quickly as they could to tell the disciples.
- 你係我之力量、我要歌頌你、因上帝係我圍牆、施恩過我 [Cantonese, trad.]
  你系我之力量、我要歌颂你、因上帝系我围墙、施恩过我 [Cantonese, simp.]
  From: 1907, 《舊新約全書·廣東話》, 詩篇 [Psalm] 59:17
  nei⁵ hai⁶ ngo⁵ zi¹ lik⁶ loeng⁴, ngo⁵ jiu³ go¹ zung⁶ nei⁵, jan¹ soeng⁶ dai³ hai⁶ ngo⁵ wai⁴ coeng⁴, si¹ jan¹ gwo³ ngo⁵ [Jyutping]
  Unto thee, O my strength, will I sing: for God is my defence, and the God of my mercy [literally, bestows mercy on me].

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 太 (“too; excessively”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		太, 過於
Mandarin	Beijing	太, 忒
	Taiwan	太
	Tianjin	太, 忒
	Jinan	太, 忒
	Wanrong	太
	Xi'an	太
	Yinchuan	太
	Wuhan	太, 忒
	Chengdu	太
	Guiyang	太
	Guilin	太
	Xuzhou	忒
	Yangzhou	太
	Hefei	太
	Malaysia	太
	Singapore	太
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	太
Cantonese	Guangzhou	太, 得滯 >, 過頭 >
	Hong Kong	太, 太過, 得滯 >, 過頭 >, 過龍 >
	Taishan	得滯 >
	Dongguan	得滯 >
	Yangjiang	得滯 >
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	太
	Singapore (Guangfu)	太
Gan	Nanchang	太
	Lichuan	太
	Pingxiang	太
Hakka	Meixian	忒
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	太, 過頭 >
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	忒
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	太
	Wengyuan	太
	Liannan	太
	Jiexi	忒
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	太, 忒
	Changting	忒
	Wuping	忒
	Wuping (Yanqian)	忒
	Liancheng	忒
	Ninghua	忒
	Yudu	太
	Ningdu	太, 忒
	Tonggu (Sandu)	忒
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	太
	Dayu	太
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	忒
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	忒
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	忒
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	忒
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	忒
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	忒
	Hong Kong	太, 過頭 >
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	太
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	太
	Xinyi (Sihe)	太
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	太
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	太
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	太
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	忒
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	忒
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	太
	Mengshan (Xihe)	太
	Luchuan	太
	Senai (Huiyang)	過頭 >
	Kuching (Hepo)	過頭
Huizhou	Jixi	太
Jin	Taiyuan	太
Min Bei	Jian'ou	忒
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	忒
	Songxi	忒
	Zhenghe	忒
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	忒
	Jianyang	忒
	Wuyishan	忒
	Pucheng (Shibei)	忒
Min Dong	Fuzhou	過, 恰
	Changle	恰
	Lianjiang	恰
	Fuqing	恰
	Pingtan	恰
	Yongtai	恰
	Minqing	恰
	Gutian	恰
	Pingnan	恰
	Luoyuan	恰
	Fu'an	恰
	Ningde	恰
	Xiapu	恰
	Zherong	恰
	Shouning	恰
	Zhouning	恰
	Fuding	恰
Min Nan	Xiamen	傷, 傷過
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	傷
	Quanzhou	傷, 傷過
	Jinjiang	傷, 太
	Nan'an	傷
	Shishi	傷
	Hui'an	傷
	Anxi	傷
	Yongchun	傷
	Dehua	傷
	Zhangzhou	傷, 傷過
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	傷
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	傷
	Hua'an	傷
	Nanjing	傷
	Pinghe	傷
	Zhangpu	傷
	Yunxiao	傷
	Zhao'an	傷
	Dongshan	傷
	Taipei	傷
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	傷
	Kaohsiung	傷
	Yilan	傷
	Changhua (Lukang)	傷
	Taichung	傷
	Tainan	傷
	Hsinchu	傷
	Kinmen	傷
	Penghu (Magong)	傷
	Penang (Hokkien)	傷, 太
	Singapore (Hokkien)	傷, 傷過, 過, 佮
	Manila (Hokkien)	傷, 傷過
	Longyan	蓋
	Zhangping	傷
	Chaozhou	佮
	Shantou	佮, 過
	Jieyang	佮, 過
	Bangkok (Teochew)	佮
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	佮
	Singapore (Teochew)	佮, 過
Puxian Min	Putian	傷
Puxian Min	Xianyou	傷
Min Zhong	Yong'an	太
	Sanyuan	忒
	Shaxian	太
Wu	Shanghai	忒, 過於, 忒煞, 忒以 dated
	Shanghai (Chongming)	忒
	Suzhou	忒
	Hangzhou	忒
	Ningbo	忒
	Wenzhou	忒
	Jinhua	太, 忒
Xiang	Changsha	太
Xiang	Shuangfeng	太, 忒
Note	> - after adjective or adverb

(to pay a visit):

edit

Synonyms of 過

串 (chuàn) (literary, or in compounds)
坐人家 (Xiang)
坐尞 (Hakka)
拜望 (bàiwàng) (polite)
探望 (tànwàng)
看望 (kànwàng)
瞧 (qiáo) (colloquial)

上門／上门 (shàngmén)
串門／串门 (chuànmén) (colloquial)
串門子／串门子 (chuàn ménzi)
參訪／参访 (cānfǎng) (formal)
拜訪／拜访 (bàifǎng) (polite)
探問／探问 (tànwèn)
探視／探视 (tànshì)

探親／探亲 (tànqīn) (to visit one's relatives or spouse)
探訪／探访 (tànfǎng)
登門／登门 (dēngmén)
省親／省亲 (xǐngqīn) (literary, to visit one's parents or elders)
訪問／访问 (fǎngwèn)
走訪／走访 (zǒufǎng)
造訪／造访 (zàofǎng)

Usage notes

The past experience particle 過 is negated with 沒／没 (méi), which is placed before the verb.
我沒去過中國。／我没去过中国。 ― Wǒ méi qù guò Zhōngguó. ― I have not been to China.
- In Cantonese, 未 (mei6) is used instead of 沒.

Compounds

Derived terms from 過

一過眼兒／一过眼儿
不好過／不好过
不是過／不是过
不為過／不为过 (bùwéiguò)
不而過／不而过 (put-jî-kò)
不貳過／不贰过 (bù'èrguò)
不過／不过 (bùguò)
不過問／不过问
不過如此／不过如此
不過意／不过意 (bùguòyì)
不過是／不过是
不過爾爾／不过尔尔 (bùguò'ěr'ěr)
事過境遷／事过境迁 (shìguòjìngqiān)
五過／五过
人口過剩／人口过剩 (rénkǒu guòshèng)
代人受過／代人受过
以功補過／以功补过
以功覆過／以功覆过
供過／供过
供過於求／供过于求 (gōngguòyúqiú)
信得過／信得过 (xìndéguò)
兩手過膝／两手过膝
八仙過海／八仙过海 (bāxiānguòhǎi)
再來過／再来过
分過太平／分过太平
功僅補過／功仅补过
功過／功过 (gōngguò)
功過參半／功过参半
功過相酬／功过相酬
勸善規過／劝善规过
口過／口过 (kǒuguò)
名過其實／名过其实 (míngguòqíshí)
咎過／咎过
回過／回过
垂手過膝／垂手过膝
夠過兒／够过儿
大不過／大不过
大呼過癮／大呼过瘾
大喜過望／大喜过望 (dàxǐguòwàng)
大過／大过 (dàguò)
太過／太过 (tàiguò)
好過／好过 (hǎoguò)
如風過耳／如风过耳
委過／委过
孔鯉過庭／孔鲤过庭
孫過庭／孙过庭
容頭過身／容头过身
寡過／寡过
將功折過／将功折过
將功補過／将功补过 (jiānggōngbǔguò)
對過／对过 (duìguò)
小過／小过 (xiǎoguò)
小過年／小过年
小過門兒／小过门儿
左不過／左不过
度過／度过 (dùguò)
得過／得过
得過且過／得过且过 (déguòqiěguò)
忒過／忒过
忙不過來／忙不过来
思過／思过 (sīguò)
思過半／思过半
悔過／悔过 (huǐguò)
悔過書／悔过书
悔過自懺／悔过自忏
悔過自新／悔过自新 (huǐguòzìxīn)
悔過自責／悔过自责
懸的過高／悬的过高
才過子建／才过子建
才過屈宋／才过屈宋
打過／打过
打過偏手／打过偏手
抵不過／抵不过
拉下過／拉下过
拗不過／拗不过 (niùbuguò)
招搖過市／招摇过市 (zhāoyáoguòshì)
拾遺舉過／拾遗举过
挫過／挫过
挺過去／挺过去
掂過兒／掂过儿
掉過來／掉过来
掉過兒／掉过儿
掉過頭／掉过头
掩鼻而過／掩鼻而过
提過／提过
撂過手／撂过手
撈過界／捞过界
撧過來／𪮖过来
操之過急／操之过急 (cāozhīguòjí)
擔當不過／担当不过
擦肩而過／擦肩而过 (cājiān'érguò)
擦身而過／擦身而过
改過／改过 (gǎiguò)
改過不吝／改过不吝
改過向善／改过向善
改過從善／改过从善
改過從新／改过从新
改過自新／改过自新 (gǎiguòzìxīn)
改過遷善／改过迁善
放過／放过 (fàngguò)
放過一馬／放过一马
放馬過來／放马过来 (fàngmǎ guòlái)
救過不贍／救过不赡
救過補闕／救过补阙
文過／文过 (wénguò)
文過遂非／文过遂非
文過飾非／文过饰非 (wénguòshìfēi)
易過借火／易过借火
時過境遷／时过境迁 (shíguòjìngqiān)
朝過夕改／朝过夕改
未過門／未过门
末過／末过
桃花過渡／桃花过渡
棄過圖新／弃过图新
毋過／毋过 (m̄-kù)
氣不過／气不过
求過於供／求过于供
沒有過／没有过
沒渾過事／没浑过事
沒過／没过
渡過／渡过 (dùguò)
濾過作用／滤过作用
無心之過／无心之过 (wúxīnzhīguò)
無過／无过
煙雲過眼／烟云过眼
熬不過／熬不过
爭功諉過／争功诿过
犯過／犯过
理過其辭／理过其辞
當不過／当不过
當面錯過／当面错过
白駒過隙／白驹过隙 (báijūguòxì)
百代過客／百代过客
相過／相过
看不過／看不过
督過／督过
瞞天過海／瞒天过海 (mántiānguòhǎi)
瞧不過／瞧不过
知過必改／知过必改
矯枉過正／矫枉过正 (jiǎowǎngguòzhèng)
矯枉過直／矫枉过直
磕過頭的／磕过头的
神經過敏／神经过敏 (shénjīng guòmǐn)
福過災生／福过灾生
秋風過耳／秋风过耳
穿房過屋／穿房过屋

窗間過馬／窗间过马
精力過人／精力过人
經過／经过 (jīngguò)
罪過／罪过 (zuìguò)
翻過兒／翻过儿
翻過筋斗／翻过筋斗
老鼠過街／老鼠过街
聞過則喜／闻过则喜
聞過色喜／闻过色喜
自視過高／自视过高
莫過／莫过
蝗蟲過境／蝗虫过境
螃蟹過河／螃蟹过河
衣錦過鄉／衣锦过乡
補過／补过 (bǔguò)
見過世面／见过世面
觀過知仁／观过知仁
言之過早／言之过早 (yánzhīguòzǎo)
言之過甚／言之过甚
言過其實／言过其实 (yánguòqíshí)
計功補過／计功补过
計過自訟／计过自讼
記過／记过 (jìguò)
說不過／说不过
說不過去／说不过去 (shuōbuguòqù)
說事過錢／说事过钱
說得過去／说得过去 (shuōdeguòqù)
諉過／诿过 (wěiguò)
諒得過／谅得过
諫過／谏过
諱敗推過／讳败推过
諱過稱善／讳过称善
護過飾非／护过饰非
譽過其實／誉过其实
責躬省過／责躬省过
走過場／走过场 (zǒuguòchǎng)
赸過／赸过
超過／超过 (chāoguò)
越過／越过 (yuèguò)
路過／路过 (lùguò)
迸不過／迸不过
退思補過／退思补过
逃弗過／逃弗过
透不過氣／透不过气
透過／透过 (tòuguò)
透風就過／透风就过
通過／通过 (tōngguò)
逢年過節／逢年过节 (féngniánguòjié)
過一過／过一过
過三關／过三关 (guòsānguān)
過下來／过下来
過不去／过不去 (guòbùqù)
過世／过世 (guòshì)
過之／过之
過了／过了
過五關／过五关
過人／过人 (guòrén)
過人才略／过人才略
過付／过付
過來／过来 (guòlái)
過來人／过来人 (guòláirén)
過傢伙／过家伙
過兒／过儿
過兩天／过两天
過冬／过冬 (guòdōng)
過分／过分 (guòfèn)
過到／过到
過則勿憚改／过则勿惮改 (guòzéwùdàngǎi)
過剩／过剩 (guòshèng)
過動兒／过动儿
過勞死／过劳死 (guòláosǐ)
過勿憚改／过勿惮改
過化存神／过化存神
過午／过午
過半／过半 (guòbàn)
過半數／过半数
過去／过去 (guòqù)
過去式／过去式 (guòqùshì)
過口／过口
過問／过问 (guòwèn)
過堂／过堂
過堂風／过堂风
過場／过场 (guòchǎng)
過境／过境 (guòjìng)
過境稅／过境税
過夏／过夏
過夜／过夜 (guòyè)
過天／过天
過失／过失 (guòshī)
過失傷害／过失伤害
過失殺人／过失杀人 (guòshī shārén)
過失致死／过失致死
過如／过如
過嫁妝／过嫁妆
過子／过子
過客／过客 (guòkè)
過小年／过小年
過山／过山
過山車／过山车 (guòshānchē)
過山龍／过山龙
過帳／过帐
過年／过年 (guònián)
過年兒／过年儿
過度／过度 (guòdù)
過庭／过庭
過庭之訓／过庭之训
過廳／过厅
過往／过往 (guòwǎng)
過後／过后 (guòhòu)
過得去／过得去 (guòdeqù)
過得著／过得著
過從／过从 (guòcóng)
過從甚密／过从甚密
過心／过心 (guòxīn)
過意／过意
過意不去／过意不去 (guòyìbùqù)
過愛／过爱
過慮／过虑 (guòlǜ)
過戶／过户 (guòhù)
過房／过房 (guòfáng)
過房兒子／过房儿子
過房書／过房书
過所／过所
過手／过手
過折了／过折了
過招／过招
過排／过排
過敏／过敏 (guòmǐn)
過敏原／过敏原
過數／过数 (guòshù)
過於／过于 (guòyú)
過日／过日
過日子／过日子 (guò rìzi)
過明路／过明路
過是／过是
過時／过时 (guòshí)
過時不候／过时不候
過晌／过晌
過景／过景
過會／过会
過望／过望 (guòwàng)
過期／过期 (guòqī)
過木梳／过木梳
過梁／过梁
過橋／过桥 (guòqiáo)
過橋抽板／过桥抽板 (guòqiáochōubǎn)

過橋拆橋／过桥拆桥
過橋費／过桥费 (guòqiáofèi)
過此以往／过此以往
過歷／过历
過氣／过气 (guòqì)
過水麵／过水面
過江之鯽／过江之鲫
過沖／过冲
過河卒子／过河卒子
過河抽板／过河抽板
過河拆橋／过河拆桥 (guòhéchāiqiáo)
過活／过活 (guòhuó)
過淋／过淋
過渡／过渡 (guòdù)
過渡內閣／过渡内阁
過渡時期／过渡时期
過渡灣／过渡湾 (Guòdùwān)
過渡金屬／过渡金属 (guòdù jīnshǔ)
過漫／过漫
過激／过激 (guòjī)
過濾／过滤 (guòlǜ)
過火／过火 (guòhuǒ)
過犯／过犯 (guòfàn)
過猶不及／过犹不及 (guòyóubùjí)
過獎／过奖 (guòjiǎng)
過班／过班
過甚／过甚 (guòshèn)
過甚其實／过甚其实
過甚其詞／过甚其词
過生日／过生日
過當／过当 (guòdàng)
過當防衛／过当防卫
過病氣／过病气
過癮／过瘾 (guòyǐn)
過盛必衰／过盛必衰
過目／过目 (guòmù)
過目不忘／过目不忘 (guòmùbùwàng)
過目成誦／过目成诵
過眼／过眼
過眼煙雲／过眼烟云
過眼雲煙／过眼云烟
過眼風燈／过眼风灯
過硬／过硬 (guòyìng)
過磅／过磅 (guòbàng)
過福／过福
過禮／过礼
過秤／过秤
過程／过程 (guòchéng)
過稱／过称
過節／过节 (guòjié)
過節兒／过节儿
過篩子／过筛子
過細／过细 (guòxì)
過網／过网
過縱／过纵
過繼／过继 (guòjì)
過羅／过罗
過而能改／过而能改
過耳秋風／过耳秋风
過聽／过听
過肩摔／过肩摔
過與／过与
過舌／过舌
過茶／过茶
過蒙／过蒙
過處／过处
過街樓／过街楼
過街老鼠／过街老鼠 (guòjiē lǎoshǔ)
過言／过言 (guòyán)
過訪／过访 (guòfǎng)
過話／过话 (guòhuà)
過誤／过误
過謙／过谦 (guòqiān)
過譽／过誉 (guòyù)
過費／过费
過賣／过卖
過贓犯法／过赃犯法
過路／过路 (guòlù)
過路人／过路人 (guòlùrén)
過路客／过路客
過路的／过路的
過路財神／过路财神
過路買賣／过路买卖
過身／过身 (guòshēn)
過載／过载 (guòzài)
過逾／过逾
過過身／过过身
過道／过道 (guòdào)
過遣／过遣
過酒／过酒
過重／过重 (guòzhòng)
過量／过量 (guòliàng)
過錄／过录
過錢／过钱
過錯／过错 (guòcuò)
過錳酸鉀／过锰酸钾 (guòměngsuānjiǎ)
過門／过门 (guòmén)
過門不入／过门不入
過門兒／过门儿
過門錢／过门钱
過關／过关 (guòguān)
過關斬將／过关斩将 (guòguānzhǎnjiàng)
過限／过限
過陰／过阴
過隙／过隙
過隙白駒／过隙白驹
過雲雨／过云雨 (guòyúnyǔ)
過電／过电 (guòdiàn)
過露／过露
過頭／过头 (guòtóu)
過風／过风
過飯／过饭
過飽和／过饱和 (guòbǎohé)
遠超過／远超过
遷善改過／迁善改过
邁過隅頭／迈过隅头
酒過三巡／酒过三巡
重大過失／重大过失
錢過北斗／钱过北斗
錯身而過／错身而过
錯過／错过 (cuòguò)
閃過／闪过
閉門思過／闭门思过 (bìménsīguò)
閉閣思過／闭阁思过
開過眼／开过眼
防衛過當／防卫过当
附過還職／附过还职
陳義過高／陈义过高
難過／难过 (nánguò)
雨過天晴／雨过天晴
雨過天青／雨过天青
雲煙過眼／云烟过眼
青過於藍／青过于蓝
面壁思過／面壁思过 (miànbìsīguò)
面紅過耳／面红过耳
顧不過來／顾不过来
顧得過來／顾得过来
風流罪過／风流罪过
飄洋過海／飘洋过海
飛象過河／飞象过河 (fēixiàngguòhé)
飛過海／飞过海
飾非文過／饰非文过 (shìfēiwénguò)
飾非遂過／饰非遂过
養不教，父之過／养不教，父之过 (yǎngbùjiào, fùzhīguò)
駟之過隙／驷之过隙
高軒過／高轩过

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (過):

→ Japanese: 過(か) (ka)
→ Korean: 과(過) (gwa)
→ Vietnamese: quá (過, “too; to exceed”), qua (過, “to cross; through; across”)

Others:

→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *KʷajH (“to cross”)
- White Hmong: dhau
→ Proto-Tai: *kwaːᴮ (“to cross over”)
- Lao: ກວ່າ (kuā, “than; more than”)
- Shan: ၵႂႃႇ (kwàa, “go; work, run (as an engine)”)
- Thai: กว่า (gwàa, “than; more than; over; go; overflow; pass”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Guō (Guo¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Guō
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Guo
  - Wade–Giles: Kuo¹
  - Yale: Gwō
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Guo
  - Palladius: Го (Go)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwɔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kuɑ/

Rime
Character	過
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古禾切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/kuɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwa/
Li Rong	/kuɑ/
Wang Li	/kuɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guō
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwo¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kloːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	過
Reading #	1/2
No.	4362
Phonetic component	冎
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	戈
Old Chinese	/*kloːl/

Definitions

過

name of a creek
name of an ancient state in modern Shandong
a surname

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huò (huo⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wo⁵, wo⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huò
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huò
  - Wade–Giles: huo⁴
  - Yale: hwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
  - Palladius: хо (xo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wo⁵, wo⁶
  - Yale: wóh, woh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wo⁵, wo⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: wo⁵, wo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔː¹³/, /wɔː²²/

Definitions

過

Alternative form of 輠／𰺍 (guǒ).
Alternative form of 禍／祸 (huò).

References

“過”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“Entry #10182”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Shinjitai	過
Kyūjitai [1]	過󠄁 過+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	過󠄃 過+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

過

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

mistake
excess, too much

Readings

Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
Kun: あやまつ (ayamatsu, 過つ, Jōyō); あやまち (ayamachi, 過ち, Jōyō); あやまち (ayamachi, 過); すぐ (sugu, 過ぐ); すぐす (sugusu, 過ぐす); すぐる (suguru, 過ぐる); すぎる (sugiru, 過ぎる, Jōyō); すぎ (sugi, 過); すごす (sugosu, 過ごす, Jōyō); すごす (sugosu, 過す); よぎる (yogiru, 過ぎる); よぎる (yogiru, 過る)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
過
か Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 過 (MC kuɑ, kuɑ^H).

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) か [káꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
IPA^(key): [ka̠]

Noun

過(か) • (ka) ^{←くわ (kwa)^?}

fault; error; mistake
the past
excess

Prefix

過(か) • (ka-) ^{←くわ (kwa)^?}

(chemistry) super-, over-; per

References

“過”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

過 (eumhun 지날 과 (jinal gwa))

Hanja form^? of 과 (“last, past, have been, in time, later”).
허물 과; an error, a fault, a misstep, a slip, a mistake.
기름통 과; an oil cask, an oilcan.

過 (eumhun 재앙 화 (jaeang hwa))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

過: Hán Nôm readings: qua, quá, góa/goá, quớ, quở

chữ Hán form of qua (“to pass; to go over”).
- 1910, Sơn Hậu Diễn Ca, sheet 1a
  䀡運𡗶㐌挌過頭。
  Xem vận trời đã gác qua đầu.
  Seeing that fate has been set over (my) head.
chữ Hán form of quá (“too (much); over”).
- circa 15th century, Nguyễn Trãi, Lê triều Nguyễn tướng công Gia huấn ca, Quan Văn Ðường tàng bản (1907), lines 7-8
  𠳒咹涅於朱坤, 拯𢧚多過多言𡭧芇。
  Lời ăn nết ở cho khôn, chẳng nên đa quá đa ngôn chút nào.
  Speak and act like a lady, but speak not too much lest you blunder.

[1] “過”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN