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单词 造
释义

造

造 U+9020, 造
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9020
← 速
[U+901F]		CJK Unified Ideographs逡 →
[U+9021]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

造 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 卜竹土口 (YHGR), four-corner 34306, composition ⿺辶告)

Derived characters

  • 𡠻, 慥, 𢳥, 糙, 䎭, 䒃, 䗢, 𧷹, 𨄹, 䔏, 𡮯, 簉

References

  • KangXi: page 1258, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38898
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1746, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3841, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9020

Chinese

trad.造
simp. #造
alternative forms艁

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (告) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
造*skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ
慥*skʰuːɡs
艁*skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ
糙*skʰuːɡs
告*kuːɡs, *kuːɡ
誥*kuːɡs
郜*kuːɡs, *kuːɡ
祰*kʰuːʔ, *kuːɡ
靠*kʰuːɡs
浩*ɡuːʔ, *kuːb
晧*ɡuːʔ
皓*ɡuːʔ
窖*kruːɡs
簉*skʰruɡs
梏*kruːɡ, *kuːɡ
硞*kʰruːɡ, *kʰuːɡ
牿*kuːɡ
鵠*kuːɡ, *ɡuːɡ
酷*kʰuːɡ
焅*kʰuːɡ
嚳*kʰuːɡ
頶*ɡuːɡ

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ) : semantic 辶 (“to walk”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ).

造 zào is composed of 告 gào and 辶 “a foot walking down the road; motion,” which hints at the original meaning “to arrive; to go to a place.” *

In 造, 辶 is a form component, depicting a foot walking down a road, which is used here to represent the meaning “to arrive.”

In 造 zào, 告 gào is a sound component.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): zào (zao4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˋ
    (Chengdu, SP): cao4 / zao4
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): zou6
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): dau5
  • Gan (Wiktionary): cau5
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chho
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cau4
  • Jin (Wiktionary): cau3
  • Min Bei (KCR): càu
  • Min Dong (BUC): cô̤
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): chō / chǒ / chǒ͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zao6
  • Wu (Wiktionary): zau (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): cau4 / zau5
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zào
      • Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: zào
      • Wade–Giles: tsao4
      • Yale: dzàu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
      • Palladius: цзао (czao)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: cao4 / zao4
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cao / zao
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰau²¹³/, /t͡sau²¹³/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: zou6
      • Yale: jouh
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dzou6
      • Guangdong Romanization: zou6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sou̯²²/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: dau5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tau³²/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: cau5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰau¹¹/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chho
      • Hakka Romanization System: co
      • Hagfa Pinyim: co4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: cau4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰau⁵³/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: cau3
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰau⁴⁵/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: càu
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sau⁴²/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: cô̤
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔ²⁴²/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chō
      • Tâi-lô: tsō
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zoi
      • IPA (Taipei): /t͡so³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡so²²/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ³³/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ
      • Tâi-lô: tsǒ
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡so²²/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ͘
      • Tâi-lô: tsǒo
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ²²/
Note:
  • Quanzhou:
    • chǒ - vernacular;
    • chǒ͘ - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: zao6
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsău
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sau³⁵/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: zau (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /z̥ɔ²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: cau4 / zau5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɒu⁴⁵/, /t͡sɒu²¹/
Note:
  • zau5 - used in 造孽 (“pitiful; pitiable”).
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
造
MandarinBeijing/t͡sɑu⁵¹/
Harbin/t͡sau⁵³/
Tianjin/t͡sɑu⁵³/
Jinan/t͡sɔ²¹/
Qingdao/t͡sɔ⁴²/
Zhengzhou/t͡sau³¹²/
Xi'an/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/
Xining/t͡sɔ²¹³/
Yinchuan/t͡sɔ¹³/
Lanzhou/t͡sɔ¹³/
Ürümqi/t͡sɔ²¹³/
Wuhan/t͡sʰau³⁵/
Chengdu/t͡sʰau¹³/
/t͡sau¹³/
Guiyang/t͡sʰao²¹³/
Kunming/t͡sʰɔ²¹²/
Nanjing/t͡sɔo⁴⁴/
Hefei/t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
/t͡sɔ⁵³/
JinTaiyuan/t͡sʰau⁴⁵/
Pingyao/t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
Hohhot/t͡sɔ⁵⁵/
WuShanghai/zɔ²³/
Suzhou/zæ³¹/
Hangzhou/d͡zɔ¹³/
Wenzhou/zɜ³⁵/
HuiShexian/t͡sʰɔ²²/
Tunxi/t͡sʰə²⁴/
XiangChangsha/t͡sʰau⁵⁵/ 建～
/t͡sau¹¹/ ～孽
Xiangtan/t͡sʰaɯ⁵⁵/
GanNanchang/t͡sʰɑu²¹/
HakkaMeixian/t͡sʰau⁵³/
Taoyuan/t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
CantoneseGuangzhou/t͡sou²²/
Nanning/t͡su²²/
Hong Kong/t͡sou²²/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/t͡sʰo²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/t͡sʰɔ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/t͡sau⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan)/t͡sau³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan)/tau³³/
  • Middle Chinese: /d͡zɑuX/
Rime
Character造
Reading #1/2
Initial (聲)從 (15)
Final (韻)豪 (89)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)I
Fanqie昨早切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/d͡zɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun		/d͡zɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen		/d͡zɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/d͡zawX/
Li
Rong		/d͡zɑuX/
Wang
Li		/d͡zɑuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		/d͡zʱɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		zào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		zou6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dzˤ]uʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sɡuːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character造
Reading #1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		zào
Middle
Chinese		‹ dzawX ›
Old
Chinese		/*[dzˁ]uʔ/
Englishmake

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character造
Reading #2/2
No.3803
Phonetic
component		告
Rime
group		幽
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		皁
Old
Chinese		/*sɡuːʔ/

Definitions

造

  1. to make; to build; to manufacture
    造船  ―  zàochuán  ―  to build a ship
    仿造  ―  fǎngzào  ―  to produce something after a model; to copy
    創造／创造  ―  chuàngzào  ―  to create
    造房子  ―  zào fángzǐ  ―  to build a house
    造輿論／造舆论  ―  zào yúlùn  ―  to manufacture public opinion
    造一臺手機／造一台手机  ―  zào yī tái shǒujī  ―  to manufacture a mobile phone
    • 萬物是藉著他造的；凡被造的，沒有一樣不是藉著他造的。 [MSC, trad.]
      万物是借着他造的；凡被造的，没有一样不是借着他造的。 [MSC, simp.]
      From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version), 約翰福音 (John) 1:3
      Wànwù shì jièzhe tā zào de; fán bèi zào de, méiyǒu yī yàng bùshì jièzhe tā zào de. [Pinyin]
      All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.
  2. to make up; to fabricate
    造假帳／造假帐  ―  zào jiǎzhàng  ―  to cook the books
    造謠／造谣  ―  zàoyáo  ―  to fabricate stories
  3. (colloquial) to spend money without constraint
  4. (literary, obsolete) to start
  5. (literary, obsolete) to establish
  6. (dialectal) harvest of crops
    早造  ―  zǎozào  ―  early crops
  7. (dialectal) Classifier for harvests.
    一年可以收三造米 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    jat1 nin4 ho2 ji5 sau1 saam1 zou6 mai5 [Jyutping]
    to be able to gather three harvests of rice a year
  8. (law) party concerned in the suit
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 蓋 (“to build; to construct (a building)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)蓋, 建, 建造, 建築, 興建, 修建
MandarinBeijing蓋
Taiwan蓋
Harbin蓋
Yantai (Muping)蓋
Jinan蓋
Wanrong蓋
Xi'an蓋
Yinchuan蓋
Lanzhou蓋
Xining蓋
Ürümqi蓋, 起
Chengdu修, 起
Guiyang起, 修
Liuzhou起
Xuzhou起
Yangzhou蓋
Nanjing蓋, 造
Singapore建
CantoneseGuangzhou起
Hong Kong起
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)起
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)起
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)起
Taishan起
Dongguan起
Rongxian起
Hepu (Lianzhou)起
Hepu (Shatian)做
Guiping起
Guiping (Mule)起, 整
Pingnan起
Guigang (Gangcheng)起
Guigang (Pingdong)起
Beihai起
Beihai (Nankang)起
Beihai (Yingpan)起
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)起, 做
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)起
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)做
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)起, 搭
Singapore (Guangfu)起
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)起
Móng Cái起
Bangkok (Guangfu)起
Betong (Rongxian)起
GanNanchang起
Lichuan做
Pingxiang起
HakkaMeixian起, 做
Yudu做
Miaoli (N. Sixian)起
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)起
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)起
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)起
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)起
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)起
Hong Kong起
Senai (Huiyang)起
HuizhouJixi起
JinTaiyuan蓋
Xinzhou蓋
Min BeiJian'ou開
Min DongFuzhou起
Matsu起
Min NanXiamen起
Quanzhou起
Zhangzhou起
Tainan起
Singapore (Hokkien)起
Chaozhou起
Shantou起
Jieyang起
Bangkok (Teochew)起
Chiang Mai (Teochew)起
Hat Yai (Teochew)起
Johor Bahru (Teochew)起
Singapore (Teochew)起
Leizhou作
Haikou作
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)起
WuShanghai造
Shanghai (Chongming)造, 起
Suzhou造
Danyang砌
Hangzhou造
Ningbo起
Jinhua起
XiangChangsha起
Loudi起

Compounds

Derived terms from 造

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zào, cào (zao4, cao4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˋ, ㄘㄠˋ
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): cou3
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): dau5
  • Min Dong (BUC): chó̤
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zào
      • Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: zào
      • Wade–Giles: tsao4
      • Yale: dzàu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
      • Palladius: цзао (czao)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
    • (Standard Chinese, literary variant in Taiwan)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: cào
      • Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: cào
      • Wade–Giles: tsʻao4
      • Yale: tsàu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaw
      • Palladius: цао (cao)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: cou3
      • Yale: chou
      • Cantonese Pinyin: tsou3
      • Guangdong Romanization: cou3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰou̯³³/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: dau5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tau³²/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: chó̤
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔ²¹³/
  • Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰɑuH/
Rime
Character造
Reading #2/2
Initial (聲)清 (14)
Final (韻)豪 (89)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)I
Fanqie七到切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/t͡sʰɑuH/
Pan
Wuyun		/t͡sʰɑuH/
Shao
Rongfen		/t͡sʰɑuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/t͡sʰawH/
Li
Rong		/t͡sʰɑuH/
Wang
Li		/t͡sʰɑuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/t͡sʰɑuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		cào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		cou3
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*(mə-)tsʰˤuʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*skʰuːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character造
Reading #2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		zào
Middle
Chinese		‹ tshawH ›
Old
Chinese		/*(mə-)tsʰˁuʔ-s/
Englishgo to

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character造
Reading #1/2
No.3799
Phonetic
component		告
Rime
group		奧
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		操
Old
Chinese		/*skʰuːɡs/

Definitions

造

  1. (literary) to go to; to visit; to reach
    造訪／造访  ―  zàofǎng  ―  to pay a visit; to call on
    登峰造極／登峰造极  ―  dēngfēngzàojí  ―  to reach great heights; to reach the peak of perfection
  2. (literary) attainments; achievements
    造詣／造诣  ―  zàoyì  ―  attainments; achievements
  3. (literary) to train
    深造  ―  shēnzào  ―  to pursue advanced studies
    可造之材  ―  kězàozhīcái  ―  a promising talent deserving training
  4. (literary) to give a life
    再造之恩  ―  zàizàozhī'ēn  ―  great benevolence of saving one's life
  5. (literary) era

Compounds

  • 不堪造就
  • 可造之材 (kězàozhīcái)
  • 深造 (shēnzào)
  • 造就 (zàojiù)
  • 遭家不造
  • 登峰造極／登峰造极 (dēngfēngzàojí)
  • 登門造訪／登门造访
  • 造極／造极
  • 造極登峰／造极登峰
  • 造訪／造访 (zàofǎng)
  • 造詣／造诣 (zàoyì)
  • 造謁／造谒

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zào (zao4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˋ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): cou5
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zào
      • Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: zào
      • Wade–Giles: tsao4
      • Yale: dzàu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
      • Palladius: цзао (czao)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: cou5
      • Yale: chóuh
      • Cantonese Pinyin: tsou5
      • Guangdong Romanization: cou5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰou̯¹³/

Definitions

造

  1. Used in 新造 (xīnzào, “Xinzao, a town in Guangzhou”).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zào (zao4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˋ
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zào
      • Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: zào
      • Wade–Giles: tsao4
      • Yale: dzàu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
      • Palladius: цзао (czao)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Definitions

造

  1. (Mandarin, slang) Contraction of 知道 (zhīdào).
    你造嗎？／你造吗？  ―  Nǐ zào ma?  ―  Didja know?

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 造 – see 𢲵 (“(Sichuan) to stir; to flip over; to rummage”).
(This character, 造, is a variant form of 𢲵.)

References

  • “造”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04146

Japanese

Shinjitai造
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]
造󠄁
造+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
造󠄃
造+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
造󠄄
造+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

造

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. create, make, physique, structure

Readings

From Middle Chinese 造 (MC d͡zɑuX); compare Mandarin 造 (zào):

  • Go-on: ぞう (zō, Jōyō)←ざう (zau, historical)
  • Kan-on: そう (sō)←さう (sau, historical)

From Middle Chinese 造 (MC t͡sʰɑuH); compare Mandarin 造 (zào, cào):

  • Go-on: そう (sō)←さう (sau, historical)
  • Kan’yō-on: ぞう (zō, Jōyō)←ざう (zau, historical)

From native Japanese roots:

  • Kun: いたる (itaru, 造る); つく (tsuku); つくる (tsukuru, 造る, Jōyō); つくり (tsukuri, 造り); なす (nasu, 造す); なる (naru, 造る); みやつこ (miyatsuko, 造)
  • Nanori: いたる (itaru); なり (nari); なる (naru); はじめ (hajime); みやつこ (miyatsuko)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 造(ぞう)悪(あく) (zōaku)
  • 造(ぞう)意(い) (zōi)
  • 造(ぞう)為(い) (zōi)
  • 造(ぞう)営(えい) (zōei)
  • 造(ぞう)園(えん) (zōen)
  • 造(ぞう)化(か) (zōka)
  • 造(ぞう)花(か) (zōka)
  • 造(ぞう)艦(かん) (zōkan)
  • 造(ぞう)機(き) (zōki)
  • 造(ぞう)鈞(きん) (zōkin)
  • 造(ぞう)宮(ぐう) (zōgū)
  • 造(ぞう)形(けい), 造(ぞう)型(けい) (zōkei)
  • 造(ぞう)詣(けい) (zōkei)
  • 造(ぞう)血(けつ) (zōketsu)
  • 造(ぞう)孼(げつ) (zōgetsu)
  • 造(ぞう)言(げん) (zōgen)
  • 造(ぞう)語(ご) (zōgo)
  • 造(ぞう)構(こう) (zōkō)
  • 造(ぞう)石(こく) (zōkoku)
  • 造(ぞう)国(こく) (zōkoku)
  • 造(ぞう)作(さ) (zōsa)
  • 造(ぞう)材(ざい) (zōzai)
  • 造(ぞう)作(さく) (zōsaku)
  • 造(ぞう)士(し) (zōshi)
  • 造(ぞう)次(じ) (zōji)
  • 造(ぞう)寺(じ) (zōji)
  • 造(ぞう)酒(しゅ) (zōshu)
  • 造(ぞう)就(しゅう) (zōshū)
  • 造(ぞう)出(しゅつ) (zōshutsu)
  • 造(ぞう)醸(じょう) (zōjō)
  • 造(ぞう)進(しん) (zōshin)
  • 造(ぞう)成(せい) (zōsei)
  • 造(ぞう)請(せい) (zōsei)
  • 造(ぞう)設(せつ) (zōsetsu)
  • 造(ぞう)説(せつ) (zōsetsu)
  • 造(ぞう)船(せん) (zōsen)
  • 造(ぞう)像(ぞう) (zōzō)
  • 造(ぞう)猝(そつ) (zōsotsu)
  • 造(ぞう)替(たい) (zōtai)
  • 造(ぞう)端(たん) (zōtan)
  • 造(ぞう)築(ちく) (zōchiku)
  • 造(ぞう)注(ちゅう) (zōchū)
  • 造(ぞう)第(てい) (zōtei)
  • 造(ぞう)反(はん) (zōhan)
  • 造(ぞう)畢(ひつ) (zōhitsu)
  • 造(ぞう)仏(ぶつ) (zōbutsu)
  • 造(ぞう)物(ぶつ) (zōbutsu)
  • 造(ぞう)兵(へい) (zōhei)
  • 造(ぞう)幣(へい) (zōhei)
  • 造(ぞう)訪(ほう) (zōhō)
  • 造(ぞう)本(ほん) (zōhon)
  • 造(ぞう)昧(まい) (zōmai)
  • 造(ぞう)命(めい) (zōmei)
  • 造(ぞう)面(めん) (zōmen) (蔵(ぞう)面(めん))
  • 造(ぞう)謡(よう) (zōyō)
  • 造(ぞう)立(りゅう) (zōryū)
  • 造(ぞう)粒(りゅう) (zōryū)
  • 造(ぞう)林(りん) (zōrin)
  • 造(ぞう)暦(れき) (zōreki)
  • 営(えい)造(ぞう) (eizō)
  • 改(かい)造(ぞう) (kaizō)
  • 偽(ぎ)造(ぞう) (gizō)
  • 構(こう)造(ぞう) (kōzō)
  • 興(こう)造(ぞう) (kōzō)
  • 国造(くにのみやつこ) (kuni no miyatsuko)
  • 再(さい)造(ぞう) (saizō)
  • 修(しゅう)造(ぞう) (shūzō)
  • 新(しん)造(ぞ) (shinzo)
  • 新(しん)造(ぞう) (shinzō)
  • 深(しん)造(ぞう) (shinzō)
  • 製(せい)造(ぞう) (seizō)
  • 創(そう)造(ぞう) (sōzō)
  • 大(たい)造(ぞう) (taizō)
  • 築(ちく)造(ぞう) (chikuzō)
  • 鋳(ちゅう)造(ぞう) (chūzō)
  • 肇(ちゅう)造(ぞう) (chūzō)
  • 捏(でつ)造(ぞう) (detsuzō)
  • 捏(ねつ)造(ぞう) (netsuzō)
  • 末(ばつ)造(ぞう) (batsuzō)
  • 仿(ほう)造(ぞう) (hōzō)
  • 末(まつ)造(ぞう) (matsuzō)
  • 木(もく)造(ぞう) (mokuzō)
  • 模(も)造(ぞう), 摸(も)造(ぞう) (mozō)
  • 乱(らん)造(ぞう) (ranzō)
  • 両(りょう)造(ぞう) (ryōzō)

References

  1. “造”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
  2. 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 2107 (paper), page 1105 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
  3. 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1214 (paper), page 620 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 造 (MC d͡zɑuX).

Historical readings
  • Recorded as Middle Korean 쪼ᇢ〯 (Yale: ccwǒw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
  • Recorded as Middle Korean 조〯 (cwǒ)訓 (Yale: cwǒ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
  • Recorded as Middle Korean  조 ( cwo)訓 (Yale: cwo) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕo̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [조(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource造 (eumhun 지을 조 (jieul jo))

  1. Hanja form? of 조 (“to create; to make”).
  2. Hanja form? of 조 (“physique; structure”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 가조 (假造, gajo)
  • 개조 (改造, gaejo)
  • 건조 (建造, geonjo)
  • 구조 (構造, gujo)
  • 급조 (急造, geupjo)
  • 날조 (捏造, naljo)
  • 모조 (模造, mojo)
  • 목조 (木造, mokjo)
  • 변조 (變造, byeonjo)
  • 석조 (石造, seokjo)
  • 위조 (僞造, wijo)
  • 인조 (人造, injo)
  • 재조 (再造, jaejo)
  • 제조 (製造, jejo)
  • 조성 (造成, joseong)
  • 조작 (造作, jojak)
  • 조청 (造淸, jocheong)
  • 축조 (築造, chukjo)
  • 조선 (造船, joseon)
  • 주조 (鑄造, jujo)
  • 조화 (造化, johwa)
  • 조물 (造物, jomul)
  • 조어 (造語, jo'eo)
  • 조차 (造次, jocha)
  • 조폐 (造幣, jopye)
  • 천조 (天造, cheonjo)
  • 창조 (創造, changjo)
  • 편조 (編造, pyeonjo)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 造 (MC t͡sʰɑuH).

Historical readings
  • Recorded as Middle Korean 초ᇢ〮 (Yale: chwów) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕo̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [조(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

造 (eumhun 이룰 조 (irul jo))

  1. (literary) Hanja form? of 조 (“to achieve”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 조예 (造詣, joye)
  • 심조 (深造, simjo)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

造: Hán Nôm readings: tạo, xáo, xạo, tháo

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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