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单词 込む
释义

込む

Japanese

Kanji in this term

Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
混む
籠む

Pronunciation

    • Kun’yomi
      • (Tokyo) [kóꜜmù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
      • IPA(key): [ko̞mɯ̟ᵝ]
    • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "込む"
    Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
    Stem forms
    Terminal (終止形)
    Attributive (連体形)
    込む[kóꜜmù]
    Imperative (命令形)込め[kóꜜmè]
    Key constructions
    Passive込まれるまれ[kòmáréꜜrù]
    Causative込ませるませ[kòmáséꜜrù]
    Potential---
    Volitional込もう[kòmóꜜò]
    Negative込まないない[kòmáꜜnàì]
    Negative perfective込まなかったなかった[kòmáꜜnàkàttà]
    Formal込みますみま[kòmímáꜜsù]
    Perfective込んだんだ[kóꜜǹdà]
    Conjunctive込んでんで[kóꜜǹdè]
    Hypothetical conditional込めばめば[kóꜜmèbà]

    Verb

    () (komu) godan (stem () (komi), past ()んだ (konda))

    Japanese verb pair
    active込める
    mediopassive込む
    1. be crowded
      • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
        ラッシュアワー電車(でんしゃ)はとても()んでいる
        rasshuawā de densha wa totemo konde iru
        The train is very crowded during rush hours
    2. be complicated
    3. go into, go in
    4. put into
    5. become some state completely
    6. do thoroughly
    7. remain in the same state, such as remain sitting or remain silent

    Usage notes

    Commonly used as a light verb (second verb) in Japanese compound verbs, primarily showing emphasis, sometimes negative or violent, often with a sense of “enter” or “fill”, as in ねじ込む (nejikomu, screw in, jam in, stuff in).

    Conjugation

    Derived terms

    • ()() (tobikomu): to jump into
    • ()() (nomikomu): to swallow
    • ()() (hiekomu): to cool down
    • (すわ)() (suwarikomu): to sit in (protest)

    References

    1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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